...Running head: GLOBAL BUSINESS CULTURAL ANALYSIS: JAPAN Global Business Cultural Analysis: Japan Albert G. Rodriguez Liberty University Abstract Japan is very similar and very unlike the US. It was amazing to research so many different aspects of one country. The major elements of this country are its culture and how these affect the country itself. How the people process these elements is very important and this is how the Japanese culture develops. From here we move on to see how this compares to US. We look to see how the US compares in their culture when brought next to Japan. Finally we will see how the US manager can be an international manager in Japan. This is mainly done through sensitivity to the other’s culture. This sometimes includes changing the way we act, and other times it is being sensitive to the other culture that is before us. Global Business Cultural Analysis: Japan Japan is an island cluster off the coasts of Russia, South Korea, and China. It is specifically located to the east of the Sea of Japan. It is composed of four major islands and over six-thousand minor ones. The four major islands are: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu. It has thousands of shrines, national parks and even imperial palaces. The country of Japan is often called the Land of the Rising Sun. It has one of the largest populations in the world by country despite being such a small country. It has the highest life expectancy in the world (83.10). The islands are also...
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...where Japan shifted into a Western-oriented nation. In order to maintain pace with surrounding countries and their development, the Japanese consolidated their approach in order to compete with and benefit from other nations. Beginning in 1868, this long-term event initially intended to shift Imperial rule to Japan. Although there had been an emperor prior to the Meiji restoration period, this era strengthened the political system under the Emperor of Japan. The Japanese mainly relied on imported ideals during restoration in order to emulate Western nations who, in the Japanese eyes, were advanced and powerful. Due to the fact that Western nations were involved in Imperialism...
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...Christianity is the largest religion in the world making up 2.1 billion people out of the whole world’s population. Out of those 2.1 billion Christians, only 2,769,272 reside in Japan which means that only about 0.1% of Christians in the world are in Japan. (Joshua Project) This may be quite surprising to people because of the various missionaries that have travelled there in hopes of converting the native people to Christianity. It might also be surprising because countries such as China have around 100 million Christians within their nation, and 30% of the people in South Korea are Christian (Joshua Project) This poses the question of why Christianity is not popular in Japan, a country that can often be compared to China and Korea. Japan’s...
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...mission under the name of loyalty and love for the country. However, I argue that this is simply a glamorized and glorified image of chivalry fabricated for the consumption of the Japanese population. (Fulford, 2006) Berry further supports this, as she espouses that “military service…was dictated by coercion”. (Berry, 2005) By this, she refers to ‘coercion’ as “hereditary obligation”, “conscription” or “an absence of alternatives” which implies that power exercised by the state and society cornered these students into making these choices against their will. (Wolferen, 1989)(Berry, 2005) This debunks the argument that all Japanese were unified in their war efforts and participated in warfare solely based on “loyalty” to the Emperor and the Japan-state. In the case of the Kamikaze pilots or tokkōtai operations, the symbol of the cherry blossom, which influence dates back to the early years of Japanese history and were accessible even to the rural population, was manipulated by the state to achieve its imperialistic goals. (Ohnuki-Tierney, 2006) The Meiji government indoctrinated the Japanese into subscribing their motto, “Thou shall fall like beautiful cherry blossoms after a short life,” where the pilots and soldiers were likened to the cherry blossom. This justification for sacrifice was advocated through use of the cherry blossom in education, music, geographical landscapes and the military. The state aestheticized this act of sacrifice (Ohnuki-Tierney, 2006), garnering greater...
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...Dayra Cerda Extra Credit Assignment Comparing Japan with USA The United States and Japan differ in many things, such as power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long term orientation and indulgence. Power distance refers to how power is distributed and the extent to which the person who is less powerful accept that power is distributed unequally. The power distance in the United States is a 40 on the scale, compared to Japan with a 54. Japan exhibits a more unequal distribution of wealth compared to the USA. US's wealth is distributed more evenly and decisions are more democratic than in Japan. Individualism people believe in taking care of themselves and immediate family only. The scale of individualism in the US is 91. Americans are comfortable with doing business and interacting with those they do not know well. Japanese scale is at 46 which indicates they are oriented more toward collectivism. Japanese are more concerned with groups, family and areas of interest that pertain to many individuals. A masculine society means they enjoy competition, success and achievement. In the United States, the score for masculinity is at 62, which means they strive to be the best. Many Americans display their...
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...No. 132 July 1, 2008 Marketing Strategies Targeting the Middle Rich in India Nori KAWAZU and Eisuke ISHIZAKA NRI Papers No. 132 July 1, 2008 Marketing Strategies Targeting the Middle Rich in India Nori KAWAZU and Eisuke ISHIZAKA I Lifestyles of the Middle Rich in India II Mindsets of the Middle Rich in India towards Consumption III Important Points in Marketing Strategies I In July and August 2007, Nomura Research Institute (NRI) conducted the “Survey on Consumer Behavior and Attitude of Middle Rich in India” in three major cities in India (Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai). This survey revealed actual lifestyles and mindsets relative to consumption of the middle rich who earn an annual household income of 250,000 rupees or more. The middle rich segment is expected to rapidly expand in the future. Automobiles (personal), personal computers (PCs) and the use of the Internet are still at the developing phase towards popularity among the middle rich in India. However, mobile phones and DVD players/recorders have already penetrated as deep as the mass segment. As such, the pace of popularization largely varies depending on the product. The survey also revealed these varying growth rates that can be regarded as characteristics unique to the Indian market. Growth is also expected in the leisure market targeting the middle rich. While the middle rich have innovative consumption mindsets, they also give emphasis to “if price matches quality” and “if...
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...Introduction In Alden Speare’s (1986) words, "migration can be involuntary when a person is physically transported from a country and has no opportunity to escape from those transporting him”. Literature on forced migration often focuses on asylum seekers and refugees, but there are other groups of displaced persons. This paper will look at trafficked people, particularly on Korean comfort women during the Imperial Japan times, from the years 1931 to 1945. Comfort women are females who were forced into sexual slavery during the Sino-Japanese War and World War II, to provide sexual services to the Japanese Imperial Army troops so to improve the morale of Japanese soldiers (Lynch, 2009). The focus is placed on Korean comfort women as 80% of comfort women in Japan are Koreans (Soh, 1996). It was estimated that 160,000 Korean women were coerced into sexual slavery (Lee & Crowe, 2015). This research aims to investigate the impacts of forced migration on the lives of Korean comfort women. This paper postulates that the impacts of forced migration on the lives of Korean comfort women spans across three areas. Physically, Korean comfort women suffer from violence and injuries, sexually-transmitted diseases, as well as infertility. Mentally, they suffer from severe mental distress and lifelong trauma. Lastly, from the social aspect, Korean...
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...References Damanpour, F. (1998). The impact of culture on management: A comparison of Japanese versus United States management. Advances in competitiveness Research , 6 (1), 39-57. Faramarz Damanpour is a Professor of Finance and International Business at James Madison University. He is an author of several business articles and has been featured in many business journals. His main purpose of this article is to get the reader to understand the differences between the cultures, decision-making, and employment strategies of Japan and the United States. This topic is suitable for my research paper because it helps me answer the first research question, which deals with the elements and dimensions of culture of Japan. Fukuda, J. (1992). The internationalization of Japanese business: different approaches, similar problems. The International Executive , 34 (1), 27-41. John Fukuda is a professor in the department of the International Business at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He has written peer reviewed articles for the International Executive. His main purpose for this article is to get the reader to understand the Japanese's approach to business versus the other countries. This article is suitable for my research paper because it helps me to answer question numbers 1 and 2 of the Business cultural analysis. Fukukawa, K., & Teramoto, Y. (2008). Understanding Japanese CSR: the reflections of managers in the field of global operations. Journal...
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...Economic and Monetary Policy Auditing and Business Concepts Submitted by: Edmore H. Delaney Perspective of the Economic and Monetary Policy Framework of the Republic of Liberia This paper is intended to capture the framework of the economy and monetary policy of the Republic of Liberia and the effectiveness it pursues in the implementation its institutional framework. The economy continues to be plagued by a multiplicity of social, financial and economic challenges which has seen production level of the sector far below prewar levels (Findlay & O’Rourke, 2007). Consequently, the government’s approach has been directed towards vigorous pursuing money and credit supply to stabilize the economy. In order for Liberia to implement a sound economic and monetary policy, the government needs to ensure that a monetary aggregate is achievable. The Central Bank of Liberia in 2005, initiated a program to ensure stability of money demand functions where interest rate and income will significantly have impact on the money demand function (Matthew, 2009). The real gross domestic product (GDP) growth in 2014, which was initially projected at 5.8%, is estimated to decline to 2.5% or less by the end of the year. According to the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning due to the absence of EVD, growth projections in 2014 reflected a weaker economic outturn as compared to the previous year (2013). This growth was driven largely by the expansion...
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...4 Cross Cultural Issues in Business" from Anti Essays, your source for free research papers, essays, and term paper examples. Japan There are many advantages in a company seeking to expand into the Japanese Market, it is one of the world’s large economies. There are also cross cultural issues in an American Company marketing to Japanese Society. A company can very easily “make it” or “break it” if not sensitive to the culture and etiquette in their marketing strategies. The Japanese Culture is ancient and full of traditions that make up why someone of this descent may act or carry themselves in a certain way. This would also affect the decisions an individual makes regarding product selection. A commercial that is attractive to an American housewife may not be attractive to a Japanese housewife. A few of the differences in American and Japanese culture are importance of hierarchy, group harmony, using certain numbers in advertising and language barriers. Cross Cultural Issues Hierarchy is highly respected in Japan personally and professionally, yet in America hierarchy exists but is not held to as high of standards or tradition. This is so engrained in the Japanese Culture that children even refer to their senior and junior classmates with specific names. Personally this hierarchy is based on age, the eldest would be seated at a place of honor at the dinner table and be the first person to start eating. The significance placed on hierarchy can cause issues...
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...Forbes Adjunct Research Fellow, Asia Pacific Centre for Sustainable Enterprise © 2011 Asia Pacific Centre for Sustainable Enterprise Published by Asia Pacific Centre for Sustainable Enterprise Griffith Business School Griffith University, South Bank campus 226 Grey Street, South Brisbane Queensland, 4101 Australia www.griffith.edu.au/business-commerce/sustainable-enterprise All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Copyright rests with the individual authors. ISBN 978-1-921760-45-7 Foreword The conference reflected lessons learnt and being learned from the global financial crisis, from the climate change prognosis and from rethinking global governance. The conference preceded the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 2010 Meetings and Summit (7-14 November in Yokohama, Japan) and coincided with the 10th anniversary of the United Nations (UN) Global Compact, and the UN Year of Biodiversity. Given the birth of the G20 group of nations, the inexorable diffusion of economic power to the Asia Pacific region, and the rise of new organisational forms and business models, the conference was particularly timely and relevant. Speakers from various organisations took part in the conference, including: The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan; Unilever; Ernst...
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...Expenditures: Evidence from Japan ¨ JORG C. MAHLICHa and THOMAS ROEDIGER-SCHLUGAb, Economic Policy Department, Austrian Federal Economic Chamber, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 63, A-1045 Vienna, Austria. b Department of Technology Policy, ARC systems research, Donau-City-Strasse 1, A-1220 Vienna, Austria. Author for correspondence. E-mail: thomas.roediger@arcs.ac.at a Abstract. During the past 20 years, the world pharmaceutical industry has experienced a dramatic increase in R&D intensity. We apply and extend a model developed by Grabowski and Vernon (2000, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 10, 201–215) with a pooled data sample of the 15 publicly listed Japanese drug firms for the period 1987– 1998. As in the original study, we find expected returns to be an important determinant of R&D spending in the Japanese drug industry, albeit considerably smaller than in the U.S., which is particularly obvious in the case of returns from newly introduced drugs. However, our results are sensitive to econometric model specification, in particular to controlling for serial correlation and to a dynamic specification of the baseline model. Likewise, estimates on financial constraints are sensitive to model specification, indicating that Japanese drug firms face small or no financial constraints. Our results are consistent with the general literature on R&D investment behaviour, yet raise some methodological questions with regard to the original study. Key words: investment, Japan, panel data estimation,...
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...Water and Environment Technology Modern Issues INTRODUCTION This paper is to give you idea on the formatting of a manuscript for Journal of Water and Environment Technology (JWET). MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation of electronic versions Articles should be provided in electronic form through the online submission site < http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jwet >. This will help us to publish your article rapidly with fewer errors, and enable your article's inclusion in electronic archives. A sample paper is available from JSWE website. Authors should follow the format of the sample paper. We can accept most of the popular word-processing packages in PC or Macintosh formats; however, MS Word is recommended. Authors should not add their own macros. Please only supply the final version of your file (with no hidden text) so as to avoid any risk of old versions of the text being used in error. Uploaded files are converted to a single PDF file at the submission website. You must confirm the PDF proof to complete your submission. The upper limit of manuscript length is 16 pages in the format of the sample paper provided on JSWE website. Table 1 - Conservation and Creation of Clean Water Environment. SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT Nomenclature and Units Please take care that all terminology and notation used will be widely understood. Abbreviations and acronyms should be spelled out in full at their first occurrence in the text. SI units are strongly recommended...
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...ASIAN METACENTRE RESEARCH PAPER SERIES no.20 The Social Organization of Remittances: Channelling Remittances from East and Southeast Asia to Bangladesh Md Mizanur Rahman Brenda S.A. Yeoh ASIAN METACENTRE FOR POPULATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS HEADQUARTERS AT ASIA RESEARCH INSTITUTE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY of SINGAPORE Md Mizanur Rahman is a Postdoctoral Fellow at Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore. He is a sociologist with particular interests in migration and development, migration and human (in)security, minority migration and migration policy in East and Southeast Asia. He obtained his Ph.D. in Sociology from National University of Singapore, Singapore, and M.A. in Sociology from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. Brenda S.A. Yeoh is Professor, Department of Geography, and the Head of Southeast Asian Studies Programme, National University of Singapore. She leads the research cluster on Asian Migrations at the Asia Research Institute and is Principal Investigator of the Asian MetaCentre for Population and Sustainable Development Analysis (funded by the Wellcome Trust, UK) at the Asia Research Institute. She is a social geographer whose main interest in population-related studies lies in migration, family and gender issues. She has in recent years completed, in collaboration with other colleagues, research projects on modes of childcare in Singapore, migrant women as paid domestic labour in the Southeast Asian context...
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...strategic production and location decisions of firms and how firms took into consideration the main factors affecting such decision. 6 3.1 First Case Study of Firm; Toyota Motor Corporation Headquartered in Japan 6 3.2 Second Case Study of Firm; Apple Inc Headquartered in U.S. 7 3.3 Comparisons between Toyota Motor Corporation and Apple Inc. 7 3.4 Factors Toyota and Apple took such strategic production and location decisions 8 4.0 Conclusion and Recommendation 9 5.0 References 10 1.0 Introduction East Asian region has been seen as the world’s fastest growth centre for decades with the emerging of East Asian Tigers- Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan- shows that the world’s economic centre of gravity is gradually shifting East (Ando & Kimura, 2005). The World Bank (1993) listed this as “East Asian Miracle”. With more and more acceptance of globalization and trade liberalization in East Asia had formed international production network (IPN) – the cross-borders trades of parts and components to other countries or regions before the assembly of final product is completed (Saslavsky & Shepherd, 2012) – that caused East Asia countries to experience economic growth (Milberg & Winkler, 2010). Based on the above description of IPN, this paper describes the reasons why MNC in Asia utilize multiple production locations located in several countries for production of parts and components...
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