...Portugal Portugal is a very beautiful and amazing country. The location is also in a wonderful spot. The absolute location is 39.30 degrees North by 8.00 degrees West. Portugal is located by one country and one body of water. To the west and north of Portugal, is the Atlantic Ocean. To the south and east is Spain. Portugal is also part of the Iberian Peninsula. There are only two countries that make up the Iberian Peninsula: Spain and Portugal. Portugal has many major landforms. These include mountain ranges and rivers. A few of the main mountain ranges are the Serra da Estrela and Serra de Monchique. The Serra da Estrela is located in central Portugal. The highest peak of this mountain range is Torre. Serra da Estrela is usually hiked...
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...Portugal Portugal is a very beautiful and amazing country. The location is also in a very wonderful spot. The absolute location is 39.30 degrees North by 8.00 degrees West. Portugal is located by only a few different places. On the East, of Portugal, is the Atlantic Ocean and on the North and West is Spain. Portugal is also part of the Iberian Peninsula. There are only two countries that make up the Iberian Peninsula: Spain and Portugal. Portugal has very many major landforms, especially mountain ranges and rivers. A few of the main mountain ranges are the Serra da Estrela and Serra de Monchique. One of the Mountain Ranges is Serra da Estrela. It is located in central Portugal. The highest peak, of the mountain range, is Torre. Serra da...
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...Toilet paper sluggish growth highly commoditized and little innovation for product Came up withblack toilet paper at a cirque de soleil performance and made commercials with men and long streams of toilet paper 2005 - Western Europe market for disposable tissue and hygiene $26 billion – Disposable tissue = 13 billion includes toilet paper at 7.6 billion kitchen towel rolls 2.6 billion facial and pocket tissues 1.6 billion table napkins 1.3 billion Stagnant growth at 2.4% between 2002 and 2005 due to stagnation in customer population and market saturation Western European Toilet paper market is experiencing polarization – strong growth for premium brands, stagnations for standard and economy brands and rapid growth for private labels. 2003-05 Spain premium brands increased 16% and private labels increased 12% and standard/economy increased by 3% - Growth of private labels in Europe is driven by improvements in the quality of marketing of their products AND growing power of retailers which are consolidated and able to impose relentless pressure on every supplier. Renova in western Europe has less than 1% market share Competitors in tissue industry are $57 Bill Proctor and Gamble – Charmin TP and Bounty Kitchen rolls $16 Bill Kimberly Clark – Kleenex TP and facial tissue, Scott TP and Kitchen rolls, Cottonelle $21 Bill GP paper company – Angel Soft, Lotus, etc $13 Bill SCA (Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget)- Velvet and Tempo Retailers that are competitiors...
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...Renova Toilet Paper: Avant-garde Marketing in a Commoditized Category 06/2010-5685 This case was written by Raquel Seabra de Sousa, INSEAD MBA 2009 and consultant with BCG, under the supervision of Yakov Bart, Assistant Professor of Marketing, Pierre Chandon, Associate Professor of Marketing, and Steven Sweldens, Assistant Professor of Marketing, all at INSEAD. The video material was produced by Shellie Karabell and Julian Boudier from INSEAD. It is intended to be used as a basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Copyright © 2010 INSEAD TO ORDER COPIES OF INSEAD CASES, SEE DETAILS ON THE BACK COVER. COPIES MAY NOT BE MADE WITHOUT PERMISSION. Las Vegas, New York-New York Hotel and Casino: Paulo Pereira da Silva, the Swiss-trained physicist and CEO of Renova, a privately-owned Portuguese paper company, was attending a performance of Zumanity, the for-adults-only Cirque du Soleil production, together with Luis Saramago, the company’s marketing director. Watching the trapeze artists holding on to black fabric stripes, Paulo Pereira da Silva thought about Renova’s own artsy advertising campaigns showing nude men and stripes of Renova toilet paper. This is how he first came up with the idea of black toilet paper. Black toilet paper? To see how far-fetched the idea is, bear in mind that toilet paper is a highly commoditized category with sluggish growth and little innovation...
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...Economic Impact of the Railroad: Portugal vs. Europe Cullen Jones Econ 30423 Dr. Lovett December 3, 2013 Railroads first came around in the early 19th century. It is common knowledge that the railroad helped the economy and the people living in that time; but to what extent? This paper will examine the railroad in greater detail to determine how revolutionary the invention actually was. An intricate railway system helped make shipping more economical as well as changed population habits. Sources indicate that these changes could have affected the economy of a country. The railroad became prominent in different countries at different rates and at different times. This paper will also discuss this and try to find any repercussions of a delayed start to the widespread use of the rail road. There is some evidence to support that the railroad affected a countries current economic standing. A primary country that will be observed is Portugal. The statistics and information on Portugal is relevant to what is being discussed. Portugal will be compared to countries like the United Kingdom and Spain to see how each was affected by the railroad. There are a significant amount of difference between the railroad, including how they took on the process of building a system and how that affected the country as a whole. Economic Impact of the Railroad: Portugal vs. Europe Cullen Jones Railroads first came around in the early 19th century. It is common knowledge that the railroad...
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...Madelyn Lashinis Term Paper Article Summary Sexual Selection: Pipefish In this research, they looked at many observations that took place with sexual selection in pipefish. They looked into how and where breeding took place, how long the cycle of sexual selection took, and how fast the pipefish grew. The researchers used different waters (Portugal and Ireland) and the different temperatures of waters. That way it gave them more information to learn and choose from. Their hypothesis stated that the southern pipefish population would sense warm water and a longer breeding time, across a milder pressure of selection, with fewer females. The researches had predicted that the fish living farther north are where the males will be necessary, that...
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...Name: Course: Institution: Instructor: Date: The European sovereign debt crisis Introduction At the beginning of 2010, its emerged that the sovereign debt crisis would drastically spread through the entire European Union since Portugal, Greece, Spain, Italy and Ireland, which are jointly known as the PIIGS were in facing the significant increase in their deficit as well as public debt. The events about the crisis were closely tied to Greece since there were doubts about its ability to offset the huge sovereign debt it owed as well as government deficits. This crisis of confidence in Greece resulted in the significant downgrade of the Greek bonds into a junk status as well as the Greek bond yield spreads notably rose (Brutti and Sauré, 2016). The financial unrest gradually spread to the entire European Union zone and the European stocks tumbled, and the euro currency reached 2-year lows. Nonetheless, Greece was not the only stressed economy in The Euro Zone, in fact, it turned out to be a tip of the iceberg since other nations in the European Union were trailing on the Same road. Spain, Italy, Portugal and Ireland had accumulated huge budget deficits as well as increased public debt to the Gross Domestic product ratios. Portugal had an economic boom that was being sustained by the significantly lower borrowing rates. Nevertheless, it was hit by expeditious wage inflation which adversely affected the local companies’ competition with other foreign firms (CAI and LI, 2012). The sovereign...
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...ANALYSIS OF MARKET COMPETITION, SWITCHING COSTS AND ITS CONSEQUENCES IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN NEPAL NAME: SAROJ POUDEL DEGREE: MASTER OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS/MASTER OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY COURSE: 7112ICT RESEARCH METHODS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION The economics of switching costs and network effects have achieved a significant amount of popular, as well as professional attention in the last few decades. It is presently defined as the core factor for new Information Technology economy. Switching costs originates, if a consumer demands a product, or its related accessories(hardware or software), of his own purchases to be compatible with each other this creates economies of scope among his purchases from a single supplier. Whereas network effects arise when a user wants his system to be compatible so that s/he can interact or trade with other users, or switch to the same compatible system, which leads to the creation of economies of scope between different incompatible products. Thus these economies of scope impacts the consumer’s buying and switching behavior between various products. The state of lock-in arises when the switching cost is sufficiently high so that the consumer proceeds using the same product rather than switching to the different product. Lock in is the state where the cost of switching exceeds the benefits of switching. Economics of switching costs is the summation of various types of switching costs including: compatibility...
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...hygiene products under the brand name “Renova”. * Purpose (What do we want to be in? * They would like to be Europe’s leading brand that loves the customers, care about them and has a culture * Expand new market in Western EU * To promote the well-being brand of both body and mind, while supporting successful relationship not only of a person with oneself, but also with the whole environment. Company/Organisation Analysis SWOT Analysis Strength: (Internal) * Strong domestic brand-awareness. Using its already established brand awareness in people’s minds. * Furthermore strong brand awareness helps Renova to introduce new products or modifications for instance “moist toilet paper” to the market. - Innovative advertisement the company can differentiate itself (Creative, art). Renova is able to conduct its advertisement campaigns and promotions in a very effective and direct way.- Flat company structure (medium-sized family business) build creative - Wide range of product with wide range price (Exhibit 6) | Weakness: (Internal)- Generally high domestic prices- Innovative and broad product-line - High price could be a weakness, because it’s considered important by the customer compared to private label.- Renova has to pay attention to its weakness of fairly high priced products. Consumers compare prices thoroughly and might easily switch to a cheaper brand competing fiercely.- Low market share in Western EU market.-...
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...www.capitalvia.com G lobal Research Limited I MPACT of G REECE White Paper - Impact of Greece Crisis Global Research Limited Introduction Historically, financial crisis tend to lead to sharp economic downturns, low government revenues, widening government deficits, high levels of debt, pushing many governments into defaults. This is called SOVEREGIN DEBT CRISIS. GREECE is currently facing this, it accumulated high levels of debt during the decade before the crisis, when capital markets were highly liquid. As the crisis has unfolded and there was liquidity crunch in world economy, Greece may no longer be able to rol over its maturing debt obligations. Build – Up To The Current Crisis Between 2001-2008, Greece reported budget deficits averaged 5% per year, compared to Eurozone average of 2%. Also, its current account deficits averaged to 9% per year compared to Eurozone average of 1% Greece funded these twin deficits by borrowing in international capital markets, leaving it with chronically high external debt (115% of GDP in 2009) Some of the facts which can be depicted from following charts : www.capitalvia.com 2 White Paper - Impact of Greece Crisis G lobal Research Limited How Country Debts And Budget Deficits Compare? Projected budget deficit for 2009 Budget deficit figs as % of GDP Debt as % of GDP 68.6% UK 13% 112.6% Greece 12.5% 54.3% Spain 11.25% 65.8% Ireland 10.75% 114.6% Italy ...
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...www.capitalvia.com Global Research Limited IMPACT of GREECE White Paper - Impact of Greece Crisis Global Research Limited Introduction Historically, financial crisis tend to lead to sharp economic downturns, low government revenues, widening government deficits, high levels of debt, pushing many governments into defaults. This is called SOVEREGIN DEBT CRISIS. GREECE is currently facing this, it accumulated high levels of debt during the decade before the crisis, when capital markets were highly liquid. As the crisis has unfolded and there was liquidity crunch in world economy, Greece may no longer be able to rol over its maturing debt obligations. Build – Up To The Current Crisis Between 2001-2008, Greece reported budget deficits averaged 5% per year, compared to Eurozone average of 2%. Also, its current account deficits averaged to 9% per year compared to Eurozone average of 1% Greece funded these twin deficits by borrowing in international capital markets, leaving it with chronically high external debt (115% of GDP in 2009) Some of the facts which can be depicted from following charts : www.capitalvia.com 2 White Paper - Impact of Greece Crisis Global Research Limited How Country Debts And Budget Deficits Compare? Projected budget deficit for 2009 Budget deficit figs as % of GDP Debt as % of GDP UK 13% Greece 12.5% Spain 11.25% Ireland 54.3% 68.6% 112.6% 65.8% 10.75% 114.6% 5.3% Italy Germany 3.5% 74.3% Source:...
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...Machado Catholic University of Portugal, Porto, Portugal Leonor Vacas-de-Carvalho ´ ´ Evora University, Evora, Portugal ´ Patrıcio Costa School of Health Sciences, Minho University, Braga, Portugal, and Paulo Lencastre Catholic University of Portugal, Porto, Portugal Abstract Purpose – In the context of a merger, the management of corporate identity – in particular of corporate names and logos – assumes a critical role. This paper aims to explore how name and logo design characteristics, and specifically figurativeness, influence consumer preferences in the context of a brand merger, in the banking sector. Design/methodology/approach – This study develops a typology of the alternative corporate identity structures that may be assumed in the context of a brand merger by drawing on a literature review and secondary data, as well as an exploratory study analyzing consumers’ preferences regarding alternative branding strategies. Findings – The results suggest that there is a clear preference for figurative logos. Furthermore, there is evidence that logos may be as important as the company name in a merger situation, in terms of assuring consumers that there remains a connection to the brand’s past. The data show that the logo chosen by consumers reflects their aesthetic responses, whereas the selected name reflects their evaluation of the brand’s offers or its presence in the market. Originality/value – The paper uses an innovative research design which gives respondents freedom...
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...Financial Reporting Quality And Corporate Governance: The Portuguese Companies Evidence Introduction The main goal of this paper is to contribute to the study of the type of corporate governance on the financial reporting quality in countries with a tradition of continental accounting. Anglo –Saxon environments has profuse literature about this topic but its applicability to companies with different structures markedly based on Roman law is still at very early stage of understanding. And Portuguese state falls within this context and needs to be widely understood. The main stimulus to carry out this research was the effect of the introduction of corporate Governance rules which is mandatory application to all companies with securities listed on the Portuguese Stock Exchange. The research is on investigation on the type of corporate governance exercised by Portuguese companies and characterization of relationship between the type of financial submitted by Portuguese Companies and the associated level of accounting discretion. Conclusion Research paper concludes that although in formal terms the Portuguese institutions have accompanied the main international guidelines related to corporate governance recommendations, the actual implementation of these rules did not occur. Indeed, the constraints in the economy such as Portugal, Continental type, prevent that the practical implication of the best practice implementation of corporate governance recommendations, will be influenced...
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...Comparative Country Studies Country Factbook Comparing the IT industries of Ireland and Portugal Instructor: Mr. Ritsema Date: 12.03.2015 Group 2.03 Niklas Binter S2555611 Josef Richarz S2535688 Table of Content: 1. Introduction 2. Methodology 2.1 Prime Theories and Approaches 3.2.1 Hofstede´s model of national culture 3.2.2 Porter´s diamond 3.2.3 Porter´s five forces of competition 3.2.4 The PESTEL framework 3.2.5 National Innovation Systems 3.2.6 Varieties of Capitalism Framework 2.2 Data Collection 3. The IT Industry 3.1. Description of the IT-Industry 4. Country Comparison 4.1 Macro- Level Indicators 4.1.1 Geographic Indicators 4.1.2 Demographic Indicators 4.1.3 Macro- Economic Indicators 4.2 Historical Developments relevant to the IT industry 4.3 Socio Cultural Conditions 4.3.1 Cultural Systems 4.3.2 Level of Education 4.3.3 Labor Market Regulations 4.3.4 Protectionism of Intellectual Property 4.3.5 Tax Regulations 4.4 Market/ Industry Conditions 4.4.1 Bargaining Power of Buyers and Subsidiaries 4.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers 4.4.3 Threats of New Entrants 4.4.4 Competitive Rivalry 4.5 Other Contextual Conditions 4.5.1 Related and Supporting Industries 5. Major Findings of Comparison 5.1 Conclusion 5.2 Trends 5.3 Recommendation 1. Introduction In general, factbooks are conducted by...
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...ACADEMIC PAPERa Longitudinal patterns of comparative advantage in the textile complex – part 1 An aggregate perspective Peter Kilduff and Ting Chi Department of Consumer, Apparel and Retail Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina, USA Abstract Purpose – This paper seeks to present a preliminary investigation into long-term patterns of trade specialization among leading textile- and apparel-exporting nations, assessing patterns of comparative advantage across the textile machinery, man-made fiber, textile and apparel sectors of the textile complex to determine whether these conform with both trade specialization and industry evolution theories. A model of evolutionary change in intra-complex specialization is defined and evaluated. Design/methodology/approach – A revealed comparative advantage index is employed to evaluate international competitiveness for 30 nations over a 42-year period. With repeated measures, ANOVA is used, to determine the significance of the observed patterns across five income-defined groups of nations. Findings – Long-term patterns of specialization broadly reflect expectations of factor proportions theory and industry evolution models. Product and income group characteristics combine to influence comparative advantage. Higher income nations generally remain stronger in more capital-intensive sectors, while lower income countries have emerged to dominate labor-intensive sectors. However, inclusion of a more...
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