XvKv ‡KvwPs (Management)

e¨emvq (Business)
• Business k‡ãi mvaviY A_© Being Busy in any work| Business kãwU Ôe¨emvqÕ A_ev ÔKvieviÕ k‡ãi mgv_©K kã|
• e¨emvq- mgvR weÁv‡bi GKwU ¸iZ¡c~Y© kvLv|
• mgvR weÁv‡bi RbK- August Coth|
• e¨emvq‡K gv‡S gv‡S ejv nq-Applied Economics|
• e¨emv‡qi DrcwË gvby‡li Afve‡eva †_‡K|
• e¨emv‡qi cÖavb j¶- gybvdv AR©b (¯^í‡gqvw`)
• e¨emv‡qi `xN©‡gqvw` j¶/D‡Ïk¨- m¤ú` me©vwaKiY|
• e¨emv‡qi cÖavb ˆewkó¨- Dc‡hvM (Afve c~i‡Yi ¶gZv) I DØ„Ë m„wó|
• e¨emv‡qi Kvh©vewjt Drcv`b, µq, weµq, cwienb, A_© ms¯’vb, ¸`vg RvZKiY, wegvKiY, weÁvcb, wnmve i¶Y, cÖwgZKiY I ch©vwqZKiY, †gvowKKiY, Kg©ms¯’vb, e¨e¯’vcbv BZ¨vw`|
• e¨emv‡qi we‡eP¨ welq/†gŠwjK Dcv`vb t gybvdv AR©b, AvB‡bi ¯^xK…wZ, SuywK, Avw_©K g~j¨, `ywU c¶, †cŠbt cywbKZv, Dc‡hvM m„wó BZ¨vw`|
• e¨emvq mgxKiY t B= [pic] B = Business [pic]I = Industry [pic]T=Trade [pic]AT=Auxiliaries to Trade/Aid to Trade.

• mKj ai‡bi e¨emv‡qi D‡Ïk¨ mg~n t GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq -gybvdv AR©b| Askx`vwi e¨emvq - gybvdv AR©b| ‡hŠ_ gyjabx e¨emvq - gybvdv AR©b| mgevq mwgwZ- m`m¨‡`i cvi¯úwiK Kj¨vY mvab| ivóªxq e¨emvq- RbKj¨vb| e¨emvq †RvU- ¶wZKi cÖwZ‡hvwMZv n«vm I GK‡PwUqv cÖfve we¯—vi|
• e¨emvi †Rv‡Ui D`vniY- Uªv÷, Kv‡U©j, cyj, †nvwìs †Kvs BZ¨vw`|
• gy³ we‡k¦ e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ- mgwóK I e¨wóK|
• mgvRZvwš¿K we‡k¦ e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ- mgwóK|
• cÖvwZôvwbK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K e¨emv‡qi msÁv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb-B.O. wheeler & Norman Richard.
• Kvh©MZ `„w÷‡KvY †_‡K e¨emv‡qi msÁv cÖ`vb K‡ib-Bushan, B.B. Ghosh, Gloss & Baker|
• A_©MZ I Kvh©MZ `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K e¨emv‡qi msÁv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb-M.C. Shukla|
• A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b ej‡Z †evSvq-Dc‡hvM m„wó Kiv|
• A_©bxwZ kv‡¯¿i RbK ejv nq-Adam Smith ‡K|
• Adam Smith-Gi weL¨vZ MÖš’-Wealth of Nation (1776)|
• AvaywbK A_©bxwZi RbK- Dr. Paul Samuelson|
• e¨emv‡qi Rxebx kw³ ejv nq-cuywR‡K|
• e¨emv‡qi DrcwË I µgweKvkt

1. cÖvPxb hyM (wLª÷c~e© 2000 †_‡K 400 wLª÷vã) Avw`g ¯—i, Barter System, K…wl KvR, cïcvjb, djg~j AvniY, n¯— wkíRvZ cb¨, ¯úófv‡e mgv‡R Drcv`bKvix I †fvMKvix †kªYxi D™¢e nq| cÖfyZ Dbœqb mvwaZ nq f~ga¨mvMixq A‡j|

2. ga¨hyM (wLª÷vã 401 †_‡K 1600 wLª÷vã) A‡_©i cÖPjb, `y®cÖvc¨ kvgyK, wSbyK, Kwo, cv_i BZ¨vw`i e¨envi| evRvi I kn‡ii DrcwË (ewbK mgevq msN, KvwiMwi mgevq msN)| Dcwb‡ek m„wó, GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq, Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi Avwef©ve|

3. AvaywbK hyM (wLª÷vã 1601 †_‡K eZ©gvb) wkí wec­e, cÖhyw³i Dbœqb I AvaywbKvqb, Drcv`b wbqwš¿Z evRvi †fv³v wbqwš¿Z evRv‡i iƒcvš—wiZ, †Kv¤úvwb msMVb, e¨emvq †RvU, ivóªxq e¨emvq, †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M e¨emvq exgv e¨e¯’v I gy³ evRvi A_©bxwZi cÖPjb|

• eZ©gvb hy‡M e¨emvq n‡jv- †fv³v †Kw›`ªK|
• e¨emv‡qi ˆewk‡ó¨i g‡a¨ c‡o bv- MwZkxjZvi `„wó fw½|
• e¨emv‡qi ˆewk‡ó¨i g‡a¨ c‡o- cwieZ©bkxjZvi `„wó fw½|

wkí t
• e¨emv‡qi †¶‡Î Drcv`b n‡jv GKwU- gyL¨ KvR|
• e¨emv‡qi Drcv`bKvix kvLv n‡j- wkí|
• A_ev, wkí‡K ejv nq Drcv`‡bi evnb|
• c‡b¨i iƒcMZ Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i- wkí|
• e¨emv‡qi cÖ_g I cÖavb kvLv nj- wkí|
• wkí wec­‡ei m~ÎcvZ nq-Bsj¨v‡Û (1750-1850)|
• wkí‡K cÖavbZ 5 fv‡M fvM Kiv hvqt

1. cÖRbb wkít bvm©vix, n¨vPvix, nvm-gyiMxi Lvgvi BZ¨vw`|
2.wb®‹vkb/D‡Ëvjb wkít grm¨ wkKvi, LwbR c`v_© D‡Ëvjb, eb †_‡K KvV msMÖn BZ¨vw`|
3. Drcv`b/cÖ¯—Z/hvwš¿K/mvR©b wkít ZvZ wkí, eqb wkí BZ¨vw`|
4. MVbg~jK wkí/wbg©vb wkít iv¯—v, †mZz, euva, `vjvb-‡KvVv wbg©vb BZ¨vw`|
5. †mev cwi‡ekK wkít M¨vm, we`y¨r, †Uwj‡dvb †mev BZ¨vw`|

• Drcv`b/hvwš¿K wkí‡K Avevi 5 fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
K) we‡k­lb wkí t LwbR †Zj‡K we‡k­l‡bi gva¨‡g †c‡Uªvj, †K‡ivwmb I wW‡Rj ˆZwi|
L) †hŠwMK wkí t mvevb, mvi I wm‡g›U , B¯úvZ wkí|
M) cÖwµqvwfwËK wkí t Zzjv n‡Z e¯¿ ˆZix|
N) ms‡hvRb wkí t Kw¤úDUvi, †gvUi Mvwo wkí|
O) mshy³ wkí t †jŠn B¯úvZ wkí|

• cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi wkí t K…wl wkí, cÖRbb wkí Ges wb®‹vkb wkí|
• wØZxq ch©v‡qi wkí t Drcv`b wkí, wbg©vb wkí Ges †mev cwi‡e‡kK wkí|

Dc‡hvM t

• Dc‡hvM n‡jv Afve †gvP‡bi ¶gZv| e¨emvq m„wó K‡i- 7 ai‡bi Dc‡hvM wkí m„wó K‡i- 1 ai‡bi Dc‡hvM (iƒcMZ) evwbR¨ m„wó K‡i- 6 ai‡bi Dc‡hvM
• e¨emvq m„ó Dc‡hvMxZv m„wó‡Z e¨eüZ gva¨g t
|Dc‡hvMx_vi bvg |e¨eü‡Zi bvg |
|iƒcMZ Dc‡hvM |Drcv`b cÖwµqv/wkí |
|¯’vbMZ Dc‡hvM |cwienb |
|KvjMZ Dc‡hvM |¸`vgRvZ KiY |
|¯^Z¡MZ Dc‡hvM |µq-weµq/†UªW |
|SuywKMZ Dc‡hvM |exgv |
|Avw©_K Dc‡hvM |e¨vsK |
|Z_¨ I cÖPviMZ Dc‡hvM |evRviRvZKib cÖmv‡ii gva¨‡g |

e¨emvq cwi‡ek t

• e¨emvq cwi‡ek‡K 6 fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
1| cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek t Rjevqy, b`-b`x, f~-cÖK…wZ, cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` BZ¨vw`|
2| A_©‰bwZK cwi‡ek t mÂq, wewb‡qvM, g~jab, A_© I FY e¨e¯’v, kªg I gvbe m¤ú` BZ¨vw`|
3| ivR‰bwZK cwi‡ek t miKvi, miKvwi bxwZgvjv, AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZ, †`‡ki mve©‡fŠgš— BZ¨vw`|
4| AvBbMZ cwi‡ekt evwbwR¨K AvBb, wkí AvBb, kªg AvBb, Avš—R©vwZK AvBb BZ¨vw`|
5| mvgvwRK cwi‡ek t RbmsL¨v, wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZ, ag©xq g~j¨‡eva, e¨emvwqK m¤úK©, Avš—R©vwZK m¤úK© BZ¨vw`|
6| weÁvb I cÖhyw³MZ cwi‡ek t weÁvb I KvwiMwi wk¶v, weÁvb I M‡elbvag©x cÖwZôvb mg~n|

• e¨emv‡qi me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cwi‡ek n‡jv- A_©‰bwZK cwi‡ek|
• e¨emv‡qi AvKvi wba©viK cwi‡ek n‡jv- A_©‰bwZK cwi‡ek|
• e¨emv‡qi wØZxq ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cwi‡ek n‡jv- mvgvwRK cwi‡ek|
• c‡b¨i Pvwn`v wba©viK cwi‡ek n‡jv- mvgvwRK cwi‡ek|
• evsjv‡`k †KvUv gy³ we‡k¦ cÖ‡ek K‡i-2005 mv‡j|
• ‡KvUv gy³ we‡k¦ cÖ‡e‡ki Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki me©vwaK P¨v‡j‡Äi m¤§yLxb nq- ˆZix †cvkvK LvZ|
• evsjv‡`ki e¨emvqx‡`i Rb¨ e„nËg msMVb-Federation of Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FBCCI)|
• evsjv‡`‡k Avg`vwb ißvwb evwb‡R¨ mivmwi mvnv‡h¨ cÖ`vb K‡i- TCB (Trading Corporation of Bangladesh)
• ˆe‡`wkK evwb‡R¨ ga¨¯—ZvKvixi f~wgKv cvjbKvix e¨emv‡qK ejv nq- Indent Business.

wKQz ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Dw³ I msÁv t

• “Profit can be no more the objective of Business than eating is the objective of living”- L.F. Urwick.
• “A great affair, we always find is to get money”- Adam Smith
• ÒAvgv‡`i nvRvi nvRvi g‡bvfve _vK‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ g~j¨‡eva i‡q‡Q gvÎ K‡qK WRbÓ- wg. iwKP|
• Òwkí‡K ïaygvÎ cqmv msMÖ‡ni hš¿ wn‡m‡e Mb¨ Kivi w`b MZ n‡q‡QÓ- Awjfvi †kjWb|

GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvqt

• GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi me‡P‡q eo ˆewkó¨ n‡jv-GKK gvwjKvbv|
• GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi Rb¨ we‡kl ‡Kvb AvBb ‡bB |
• GKgvwjKvbv msMV‡bi weiƒ‡× †Kvb gvgjv Kiv hvq bv|
• GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi me‡P‡q eo Amyweav n‡jv-Amxg `vq|
• ‡cŠi GjvKvq GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq ¯’vc‡b cÖ‡qvRb nq- †UªW jvB‡mÝ|
• GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi Dchy³ †¶Î-`wR©i †`vKvb, gwbnvix †`vKvb, †mjyb, cuPbkxj `ªe¨, KzwUi wkí BZ¨vw`|
• mvsMVwbK fv‡e AvBbMZ mËv `~e©j _v‡K-GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq|
• evsjv‡`‡k GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi me©vwaK ¸i“‡Z¡i KviY n‡jv-evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK AeKvVv‡gv, mvgvwRK cwi‡ek BZ¨vw` GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi AbyK‚‡j e‡j|
• GK gvwjKvbv e¨emvq †ewk M‡o IVvi KviY n‡jv- ¯^í g~jab Ges ¯^vaxY e¨emv‡qi Rb¨|