...TUAGIRA Mike From RWANDA BURGLARY I. Introduction Nowadays, serious property crimes are among types of crimes that most people of various societies fear. Burglary is then one of the serious property crimes and it was defined differently by different scholars. In this essay, burglary will be discussed in its details by looking its historical background, its patterns and trends, characteristics of offender, victim and offence. Indeed, there will be analysis of its constitutive elements, reaction and response of the society to it, policing strategies in preventing and investigating burglary as well as challenges in its prosecution. II. Historical perspective II. 1. Background and definitions Historically, an offence to be qualified as burglary required entry into any structure even if the occupant is not therein at that time of entry. Traditionally, to be qualified as burglary, an offence must have occurred at nighttime when natural light was insufficient to identify a face (Hall and Clark, 2002). Finally burglary required the intention of perpetrator to commit a felony when entering the other’s dwelling even if the perpetrator did not commit or attempt to commit crime inside the structure. Today, many states recognize that there is a burglary when there is entry into any construction suitable for occupancy such as residential or commercial houses, car and others, while for the first degree burglary requires entering dwelling. Burglary in its modern appearance requires...
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...region with the Southern States having the highest percentage of 38.3%, the Western States 23.6%, the Northeastern States 18.5%, and the Midwestern States at 19.5%.) Society sees criminal justice as an officer making an arrest or patrolling the streets. Society does not realize that the criminal justice system has a government type structure, has goals, and is made up of three components. These components include the Police, Courts, and the Correction system. Each one of these components has its own function and purpose. The police enforce the law, arrest offenders, decrease and prevent crimes, maintain public order, ensure safety of the public and to protect their rights. The courts conduct fair and impartial trials, decide criminal cases, ensure due process, determine guilt or innocence through jury of peers, uphold the law, and to protect the rights of anyone facing trial by the system. The corrections carry out sentencing imposed by the courts, provide safe and...
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...Strayer University Assignment 1: Predictive Policing CIS 500 Information Systems for Decision Making Instructor: Dr. Constance D. Blanson Date: January 19th, 2014 Written By: Shawn Jesse Ellerby –MSIS Graduate Student Law enforcement is one of America’s oldest profession that upholds the law and provides peace to the community dating back to 1630. According to the National Law Enforcement Museum web site it states that. “In 1833, Philadelphia organized an independent, 24-hour police force. In 1838, the Boston Police force was established, with a day police and night watch working independently. New York City followed suit in 1844, becoming the New York City Police Department in 1845. Police departments were now headed by police chiefs who were appointed by political leaders. While it still had its flaws, this “new” method of policing more closely resembles a modern day police force.” (Johnson, 2012). Over the years officials in law enforcement have spent countless years making crime reduction their number one priority. Every police chief or sheriff that takes command of a department wants to reduce crime in the city or county they command. There has also been mixed reviews on how crime reduction that can be done, while some believe in random patrol, whether it be done by foot, bike, or car, others believe that predictive policing is the new technology in American’s next crime fighting tool. In my opinion, giving my law enforcement background, I have seen both random...
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.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Selecting and Implementing the Preventive Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Monitoring Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Evaluating the Preventive Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Summary of the Results of the Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Follow-up Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Lessons of the Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Conclusion . . . . . ....
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...Introduction: Law enforcement has been a major part of any country since time immemorial. This is achieved mainly through the police force, which is a constituted body of persons empowered by the state to protect the property and maintain law and order. They have the authority to use the power within a defined territory. Law enforcement is only a part of their job description and with the changing times and changing nature of crimes, their responsibilities and area of duty is changing day by day. In times of technological advancements, the nature of crimes has been changing rapidly. In order to fight crime and to maintain order, the police forces around the world have always been adapting new innovations in their arsenal. The formation of a recording mechanism and format for various crimes committed in a region was the beginning of a new era in the field or crime prevention. The data records helped to identify the repeat criminals and the nature of crime that they commit. This also helped in providing a better judgment to the convicts. With the dawn of Information Technology, these records were transferred to the systems and this made it possible for the forces around the country to share the data and access it anytime and from any location. This further strengthened the power of the forces against the intelligent criminals. At this stage the Research and Development firms in USA law enforcement agency FBI, started experimenting with the data and the predicting algorithms used...
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...UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI MANAGEMENT OF RESIDENTIAL RENTAL PREMISES. (CASE STUDY:NAIROBI-WEST) BY MURIITHI DAVIES MUGOH B04/23097/2008 A PROJECT PAPER SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ARTS IN LAND ECONOMICS DEGREE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF REAL-ESTATE AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI MAY, 2012. DECLARATION I, MURIITHI DAVIES MUGOH, hereby declare that this project is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University. Signed…………………….. Date……………………………… MURIITHI DAVIES MUGOH DECLARATION OF THE SUPERVISOR This research has been submitted for examination with my approval as a university supervisor. Signed……………………… Date………………………………….. Mr. NIKKY NZIOKI DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my parents Mr. and Mrs. Muriithi who has patiently borne my education expenses right from primary school to the University and gave me continuous support & encouragement throughout my academic life. My siblings Faith Njoki, Peninah Njoki and Dennis Ragoi, thanks for being there for...
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...criminal and correctional histories, judge-assigned restrictiveness levels, and home zip codes—allowing us to control for the non-random assignment of individuals to facilities far better than any previous study. Relative to all other management types, for-profit management leads to a statistically significant increase in recidivism, but, relative to nonprofit and state-operated facilities, for-profit facilities operate at a lower cost to the government per comparable individual released. Cost- benefit analysis implies that the short-run savings offered by for-profit over nonprofit management are negated in the long run due to increased recidivism rates, even if one measures the benefits of reducing criminal activity as only the avoided costs of additional confinement. Since its beginnings in the mid-1980s, prison privatization in the United States has provoked several rounds of congressional hearings and hundreds of articles discussing its philosophical, organizational, economic, and legal implications. At year-end 2001, privately operated facilities held over 6.5 percent of America’s total adult correctional facility population, representing more than 90,000 adult offenders. And in late 1999, privately operated facilities held almost 30 percent of all juveniles in residential placement, representing more than...
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...That however was not the case for 79 young adolescents who were sentenced to die in prison. Gail Garinger states in the article “ Juveniles Don’t Deserve Life sentences” that “ These children were told that they could never change and that no one cared what became of them. They were denied access to education and rehabilitation programs and left without help or hope”. Denying access to juveniles who most likely want to recuperate, the Juvenile system endorses that no one deserves a second chance. The fact that there are adults out there who only received minimal sentences is unfair to those juveniles who being trialed as adults because they aren’t being given the same opportunity in life as supposed to Adults. Rehabilitation centers are existent for a purpose. To provide a second chance for those who commit mistakes. If Juveniles aren’t being provided these types of services, then why are they existent? Why create a depiction of a second chance in life if it won’t be given to...
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...store a gun .Tougher background checks and gun safety would be just a couple ways to solve the solution to the gun problem. The Supreme Court case known as “District of Columbia v. Heller” was one attempt by the government to ban the ownership of handguns, but the Supreme Court ruled the Second Amendment meant that Americans can own a gun and not just people of the law or in the military. If the government put a ban on the ownership of guns then the amount of home break in would go up and the number of violent crimes would also go up. Citizens wouldn’t have anything to protect themselves with, if owning a gun was illegal. Also if the government banned assault rifles it would be easier for criminals to commit crimes, criminals will commit more crimes because they know home owners won’t have anything to protect themselves with. With the recent rise of terrorist groups owing a gun will make some families feel safer, knowing they have a gun in the house to protect the family with. In the event of an attack on American soil citizens can be prepared to defend their homeland. The ban of guns would put citizens at risk of home invasions and robbery. American families feel even safer if there is a gun in the house, but in an article on “the party of Principle” they said “Studies show that where gun ownership is illegal, residential burglaries are higher. A man with a gun in his home is no threat to you if you aren't breaking into it. The poorer the neighborhood the higher the crime rate...
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...Thieves, Thugs, and Neighborhood Poverty David Bjerk Robert Day School of Economics and Finance Claremont McKenna College 500 East Ninth Street, Claremont CA 91711 Ph: 909-607-4471 david.bjerk@cmc.edu April 25, 2010 Abstract This paper develops a model of crime analyzing how such behavior is associated with individual and neighborhood poverty. The model shows that even under relatively minimal assumptions, a connection between individual poverty and both property and violent crimes will arise, and moreover, "neighborhood" e¤ects can develop, but will di¤er substantially in nature across crime types. A key implication is that greater economic segregation in a city should have no e¤ect or a negative e¤ect on property crime, but a positive e¤ect on violent crime. Using IV methods, I show this implication to be consistent with the empirical evidence. Keywords: Crime; Segregation; Neighborhood E¤ects; Instrumental Variables; Poverty. 1 “I don’ care if I got money, or work Monday through Friday. I just go shoot a t motherf*@#er on the weekends. If that’ what need to be done to keep my hood s and my young ones around here safe, then that’ what to get done” (quoted by s Landesman, 2007). 1 Introduction High rates of crime and violence in poor neighborhoods have been described by numerous scholars and journalists (Wilson, 1987; Krivo and Peterson, 1996; Kotlowitz, 1991; Patterson, 1991; Messner and Tardi¤, 1986, to name just a few). However, the quote above from a man...
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...Criminologist and forensic psychologists share many similarities although they have a few differences. This essay will attempt to explain these similarities and differences. Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminals whereas forensic psychology is the interaction of the study of psychology and the law, it is also a branch of applied psychology which is concerned with the collection, examination and presentation of evidence for judicial purposes (Haward, 1953) furthermore they hold a doctorate degree in a field of psychology. The role of a criminologist is to investigate a variety of reasons to why criminals commit crimes. In order to investigate how these crimes are committed, they must consider psychological and social factors furthermore consider if any biological situations could have led the criminal to commit the crime. The role of a forensic psychologist is to provide the legal system with sound psychological information from a sound research base (Grisso, 1987). A forensic psychologist role is similar to a criminologist role to an extent that they also work with prisoners and offenders moreover they also apply the psychological theory to criminal behaviour to figure out what makes criminals commit these crimes. The premium goal of a forensic psychologist is to The first act of psychologist taking part in the justice court was in 1896 when Albert testified at the trial of Munich man accused of murdering three women. Within the United Kingdom the prison...
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...Information Technology deals with the use of computers and telecommunications to store, retrieve and transmit information. New IT capabilities (e.g., e-commerce and social networks) strongly influence competitive strategies and the efficiency of operations. New IT developments are important to all business disciplines because they trigger changes in marketing, operations, e-commerce, logistics, human resources, finance, accounting, and relationships with customers and business partners. Nothing about business or corporate strategy is untouched by IT. Information technology is used in a wide variety of business organizations like Wal-Mart, Galeries Lafayette. The IT has also been applied to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime. The following points illustrate the use of IT to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime. • It stores the data of the previous crimes in a single location for easy access. Whereas with street patrolling accessing of data regarding previous crimes takes some extra efforts as the data is not in a single location. • We can apply certain logics and calculations on the collected data to come up with some predictions. With street patrolling, based on the previous data and experience we come up with some predictions • The output of such a prediction is a report that gives the location and time of where the crime will occur. With street patrolling no such reports are available and the prediction is made on...
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...CCJS345: Introduction to Security Professor Michael A. Jackson Final Project: Case Study Presented by: James W. Johnson 04 November 2012 Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………..……………………………………..iii Facility Overview……....…………….……………………………………………...……….......iv Current Crime Prevention and Security Measures in Place............................................................iv Physical Limitations.…………………………..…………….…………………………………….v Optional Physical Security………..………………........................................................................vi Information and Records Security………..………........................................................................vi Emergency and Response Planning...............................................................................................vii OSHA Standards and Violaton….…………………………………………….……………..….xiii Hiring Practices……………...….…………………………………………….……………..….xiii Legal Issues…..……………...….…………………………………………….……………..……ix Conclusion……………...….…………………………………………….……………..………...ix References…………………………………………………………………….……………..…….x Introduction The purpose of this paper is to design a security plan for the Maryland Public Safety Education and Training Center (MPSETC) that, at a minimum, identifies the facility assets requiring protection, the criticality of those assets, the various threats directed at the assets and the probability of loss...
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...U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Problem-Specific Guides Series No. 44 Disorder at Day Laborer Sites by Rob T. Guerette www.cops.usdoj.gov Center for Problem-Oriented Policing Got a Problem? We’ve got answers! Log onto the Center for Problem-Oriented Policing website at www.popcenter.org for a wealth of information to help you deal more effectively with crime and disorder in your community, including: • Web-enhanced versions of all currently available Guides • Interactive training exercises • Online access to research and police practices • Online problem analysis module. Designed for police and those who work with them to address community problems, www.popcenter.org is a great resource in problem-oriented policing. Supported by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. www.PopCenter.org Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Problem-Specific Guides Series Guide No. 44 Disorder at Day Laborer Sites Rob T. Guerette This project was supported by cooperative agreement #2004CKWXK002 by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions contained herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the U.S. Department of Justice. References to specific companies, products, or services do not constitute endorsements from the author(s) or the Justice Department. Rather...
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...MMGP: ADT Corporation DeLong, Lance; Krastins, Chad; Tanyanyiwa, Patience; Wilson II, Franklin W. Liberty University Business 520; Strategic Marketing Management 23389 Dr. John Royer Table of Contents Introduction 6 Background Information 6 Marketing Mix Four Ps 8 Modern Marketing Management Four Ps 9 Consumer Preference 16 Market Analysis 19 Age and Stage in the life cycle 22 Occupation an economic circumstances 22 Values 23 Psychological Factors 23 Personality 25 Social Class 25 Lifestyle 26 Positioning/Competition/Branding 30 Positioning Statement 30 Key Brand and Messages Positioning ADT 32 Industry Leadership / Strengths and Weaknesses 33 Brand Promise 38 Dependable and Reliable 39 Convenient 39 Cost Effective 40 Transferable 40 Engaging and Fun 40 Services/Pricing 41 Do Not Forget the Employees 41 Customer Care / Customer Satisfaction 42 Ethical Behavior in Customer Relationships 42 How will repair/service efforts affect customer satisfaction? 46 Price discounts and allowances 48 Promotional Pricing 49 Differential Pricing 49 Promotions/Marketing 50 Market exposure 52 Generating Leads 53 Improved Sales 53 Reduced Marketing Expenditure 53 Delivering Value 54 Economic Value 54 Quality Value 54 Diversity Management 55 Variety of Products for a Variety of Consumers 56 Customer Service through People, Physical Evidence, & Process 56 Conclusion 60 References 61 Abstract Marketing...
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