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Respiratory System and Diease

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Respiratory System & Disease

Jeff Farmer

Anatomy& Physiology II

Casey Veatch

March 14, 2012

As we live our busy lives, there are many things that we take for granted. Things like

having running water, weather that’s live-able, weekends, TV with 100 channels, and

NFL football. But one very important thing that we all take for granted is the involuntary

process of our respiratory system and breathing. The automatic breathing regulation

system allows you to breathe so you don’t even have to consciously think about it even

when you’re asleep.

Respiration is the process of taking in and using oxygen. There are three different

phases of respiration: external respiration, internal respiration, and cellular respiration.

External respiration is the intake of oxygen from the environment and the release of

carbon dioxide. In internal respiration, oxygen is carried to the cells and carbon dioxide is

carried away from the cells. In cellular respiration, oxygen is used in chemical reactions

within the cells ( Tortora, 2008). Air enters the body through the nose. From here it is

warmed, filtered, and passed through the nasal cavity. Air passes the pharynx, then

through the upper part of the trachea containing the larynx and moves into the bronchi

that carry air in and out of the lungs (West, 1993).

Ventilation is the mechanics of breathing in and out. When you inhale, muscles in the

chest wall contract, lifting the ribs and pulling them, outward. The diaphragm during this

time moves downward enlarging the chest cavity. Reduced air pressure in the lungs

causes air to enter the lungs. Exhaling reverses theses steps (Tortora, 2008). The

condition of the airways and the pressure difference between the lungs and atmosphere

are important factors in

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