In 2007, the Urban Institute, a research organization based in Washington, released a report linking violent crime and iPods. The report stated that, “Nationally, violent crime fell every year from 1993 to 2004, before rising in 2005 and 2006, at the same time America’s streets filled with millions of people visibly using expensive electronic gear, especially iPods.”
Assuming it is true, what can you conclude from the statement made by the Urban Institute?
--Adapted from The New York Times, Sept. 27, 2007 The increased use of expensive electronic gear such as iPods resulted in a rise in violent crime
The increased use of expensive electronic gear such as iPods was caused by a rise in violent crime
None of the other options
Not visibly using expensive electronic gear such as an iPod is a good way to protect yourself from violent crime

In an experiment, the blood pressure of 1000 randomly selected women was measured. The 50 women with the highest blood pressure were given a medication, and their blood pressures were then measured again. The second measurement showed that their blood pressures, on average, had declined.
What other information do you need to show that the decline was due to the medication?

The given information already shows the decline was due to the medication Information showing that the blood pressures of the 50 women receiving the medication remained lower after the experiment Information about the general health of the 950 women not given the medication Information showing that the decline exceeds the amount to be expected due to random variation in blood pressure reading

"Everyone should have access to a college education. Therefore anyone who applies should be admitted to Cal Poly." Cum hoc ergo propter hoc Post hoc ergo propter hoc Accident Hasty generalization

You are shown four cards. The first card has only a 1 showing, the second has only a 2 showing, the third has only the letter B showing, and the fourth has only the letter A showing.
Assume that if a card has an even number on one side, then it has a vowel on the other. Which follows? The 1 cannot have a vowel on the side not showing
The A probably has an even number on the side not showing
The B cannot have an even number on the side not showing
More than one of the other options
The 2 has a consonant on the side not showing

Two statements are contradictories if they can't both be true AND can't both be false.
Are "All professors are atheists" and "No professors are atheists" contradictories? No
Yes

“Can I prove the president wasn’t really born in the U.S? Can you prove he was?”
Which is the most accurate analysis of this reasoning?

The speaker begs the question
The speaker misplaces the burden of proof
More than one of the other options
The speaker asks a reasonable question

"If you just realized what I just realized, then we'd be perfect for each other and we'd never find another. But you didn't just realize what I just realized."
--Colby Caillat
What follows?

Either we are not perfect for each other OR we might find another None of the other options We are not perfect for each other AND we might find another If we aren't perfect for each other, then we will never find another

0.50 points
Assume that all members of the National Rifle Association are politically conservative. What information do you need to reach the conclusion that at least a few Democrats are not members of the National Rifle Association?

Most political conservatives are not Democrats At least a few Democrats are not politically conservative At least a few political conservatives are not Democrats At least a few political conservatives are Democrats

"Stress bad for you? That's a myth. I know all sorts of Type A people who are in excellent health." Weak analogy Accident Cum hoc ergo propter hoc Hasty generalization

"In the wild, wolves eat nothing but raw meat. Therefore we should feed our dog nothing but raw meat." Weak analogy No fallacy Accident Generalizing from too few cases

"Some ISIS members are terrorists. Therefore some ISIS members are not terrorists."
THIS IS A VALID ARGUMENT. True False

“All German Shepherds are dogs, and some dogs are trained to attack people.” What follows?

More than one of the other options Attack dogs are typically German Shepherds Some German Shepherds are trained to attack people Many German Shepherds are trained to attack people None of the other options

“The mayor’s proposal for a new parking garage is ridiculous. After all, her only reason for pushing it is so she can brag about doing something while she is in office."
The passage above: Contains a logically moderate rebuttal of the mayor’s proposal Does not rebut the mayor’s proposal at all Contains a logically strong rebuttal of the mayor’s proposal

"Save your money. Nothing will make your teeth perfectly white." Burden of proof Scare tactics Perfectionist fallacy Straw man

The fact that most Parkinson’s disease victims were once deficient in Vitamin K demonstrates which of the following assertions?

Vitamin K deficiency raises your chances of getting Parkinson’s disease. More than one of the other options Parkinson’s disease is caused by biogenic toxins that Vitamin K might neutralize None of the other options

Vitamin K deficiency shortens your life

What do I think about outlawing large ammunition clips? I think the idea of disarming everyone is ridiculous and dangerous. Straw man Perfectionist fallacyt Guilt by association Argumentum ad hominem

“If he cheated, he lied. However, he didn’t lie. Therefore he didn’t cheat, either.” Which of the following statements is true about this reasoning?

It is faulty reasoning because people who don’t cheat sometimes lie It is faulty reasoning because it assumes that all liars are cheaters It is good reasoning It is faulty reasoning because we can’t be sure he didn’t li

“Give that woman a dollar. I see her on this corner every day crying. And she seems to be ill.” Which fallacy, if any, is represented here? Apple polishing Scare tactics No fallacy Guilt trip

A person’s claim should be dismissed if we discover that the person doesn't practice what he preaches on this subject. True False

“Hey, one English course won’t turn anyone into a perfect writer so there is no reason we should be required to take one.”
Which of the following statements is true about the speaker’s reasoning?

The speaker assumes what she is trying to prove The speaker offers the listener a false choice The speaker offers a strong argument The speaker tries to play on the listener’s emotions