...Background of the study The computer as we know it today had its beginning with a 19th century English mathematics professor name Charles Babbage. He designed the Analytical Engine and it was this design that the basic framework of the computers of today are based on. Generally speaking, computers can be classified into three generations. Each generation lasted for a certain period of time,and each gave us either a new and improved computer or an improvement to the existing computer. First generation: 1937 – 1946 - In 1937 the first electronic digital computer was built by Dr. John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry. It was called the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC). In 1943 an electronic computer name the Colossus was built for the military. Other developments continued until in 1946 the first general– purpose digital computer, the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) was built. It is said that this computer weighed 30 tons, and had 18,000 vacuum tubes which was used for processing. When this computer was turned on for the first time lights dim in sections of Philadelphia. Computers of this generation could only perform single task, and they had no operating system. Second generation: 1947 – 1962 - This generation of computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes which were more reliable. In 1951 the first computer for commercial use was introduced to the public; the Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC 1). In 1953 the International Business Machine (IBM)...
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...History of Computer “Computer” is probably one of the most heard words nowadays. When we hear this word, we can picture a monitor with a rectangular box, keyboard and a mouse in technical sense. But literally what is computer? A computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem. Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. But the computer that we are used to seeing now is not a result of one day. It’s a result of many years. Many scholars have shared their idea to develop this device, though Charles Babbage is called the main person behind the invention of computer. A brief history of computer is provided below: I would divide the history behind computer into two parts. First one is history before birth of Jesus and second one is history after birth of Jesus. History before birth of Jesus: Actually there are not many events in this period that contribute to today’s computers but this period has the base...
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...Category | Identified | Description | Buildings and Facilities | * Rides * Ticket Office * Landscaping * Toilets | Within Thorpe Park there are 24 rides although four are very popular rides and include The Swarm ,Colossus ,Stealth, SAW. I consider the rides to be the most important factor in the success of the park as they are the source of entertainment and the reason people visit.Thorpe Park’s ticket office is also a vital facility in the efficiency of Thorpe Park as without the ticket office there would be no location for customers to purchase their tickets which could cause disorder within the park as anyone would be able to enter the park for free without the employees being awareThorpe Park covers 500 acres of land and if it were not cleaned or updated then customers may be discouraged to attend. A theme park that is unsanitary and tatty looking will lead to the park losing its customer base, which then leads to the park being unsuccessful and possibly closing down. This department maintains all theflowerbeds and grass areas within thePark and plants the new picnic area and relaxation area are an ongoing development that began in the park in the year 2006.As Thorpe Park is an family amusement park that is designed to be an all-day experience, it is very important that they provide adequate toilet facilities as within the duration of the day customers will want access to a toilet possible many times. They will want the toilets to be clean, plentiful and well...
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...I. Thinking Machines: The Creation of the Computer * High speed, small package * Two states: a.) ON b.) OFF * Creates its magic by calculating with the speed and accuracy that far surpasses its human inventors * Takes information , processes it, and outputs result, which is done by the partnership of the ff.: * HARDWARE – comes in boxes, physical components * SOFTWARE – disks, consists of instructions that tell the comp what to do (Example: using the keyboard to type in the input) * CPU (Central Processing Unit) – comp’s brain; processes input; magic is its blinding speed * Modern Processors are measured in mips (millions of instructions per second) * Processing CPU may retrieve data stored in Ram (random-access memory)or data stored on a hard drive * Modern ram – so quick. Every second, it can send the equivalent of ten thousand typed written pages of information to the CPU * Modern hard drives – can store the equivalent of 250,000 pages of typed material II. Calculating By Steam 19th century European Industrial revolution was underway; the development and production in commerce came from the maturing fields in engineering, navigation, surveying, finance, and science. The practical application of these fields relied on volume after volume of tables- for trigonometry, tides, interest rates, multiplication, and gravity. Tables were critical. The actual figuring was by people who specialized in mathematical computation. Surprisingly, these...
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...FDR’s Dilemmas Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s isolationist ways helped him to overcome certain dilemmas in the United States including the Great Depression, challenges to liberal democracy from international socialism and fascism and responses to the gathering storms going on in Asia and Europe by allowing him to focus on America and develop programs such as The New Deal as well as implement Neutrality Acts. In From Colony to Superpower, George Herring deconstructs isolationism: The term isolationism has often and mistakenly been applied to all of U.S. history. It works best for the 1930s. To be sure, the United States never sought to cut itself off completely as China and Japan had done before the nineteenth century. Americans took a keen interest in events abroad, maintained diplomatic contact with other nations, and sought to sustain a flourishing trade. But their passionate 1930s quest to insulate the nation from foreign entanglements and war fully merits the label isolationist (522). FDR entered office during one of the country’s toughest periods, the Great Depression. Herring writes, “The years from 1931 to 1941 brought major changes in the U.S. foreign policy. Responding to the Great Depression and the threat of a new world war, Americans in the mid-1930’s embraced isolationist attitudes and endorsed neutrality policies…” (1055). What made Roosevelt one of the most popular presidents of the United States was his naturally strong and deep connection to the people...
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...the technology seems to settle and competitors start to imitate and accommodate their offerings. The competition is not necessarily in price and tends to balance on the side of the premium services offered. Competitors Profiling Spotify’s biggest rivals are Apple Music — Based on what was before Beats Music. Includes a paid service, a live radio station called Beats 1 and a social component. It is available on over 100 countries and available on Apple devices as well as Android or Windows operated gadgets. The fees charged are $9.99 for a single license or $14.99 for a family license. It does not have a free version, but offers three month trial. Pros: Playlists are made by experts, not algorithms. Apple Music users have access to new tracks and videos uploaded by artists themselves. Has Taylor Swift's blessing, after a reversal on royalty payments. Cons: The features are not wildly different or better than Spotifyàs or Rdio’s so it is hard to justify Jimmy Lovine’s (Apple music excecutive) service will be "revolutionary." But it could still use its clout to bring streaming to the masses. Thus increasing the degree of rivalry in the market to the detriment of overall profitability. Tidal Jay Z bought for $56 million in 2015 and the service is available in over 44 countries. It costs $9.99 a month for normal streaming and $19.99 a month for high-fidelity sound quality. It does not offer a free version and the trial period is a mere 30 days. In March 2016, Tidal announced...
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...CHAPTER I1 TEXTILE INDUSTRY AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR In an environment of competitive market, the success of every industry largely depends on how precisely it can understand the target consumers. Because, such an understanding is the sole means to translate the needs and wants of the prospective consumers into products or services. Regarding textiles, understanding consumer is the nucleus of its production and marketing, as clothing is the manifestation of the behavioural aspects of the wearer in its totality. To make it more clear, the decision regarding buying and using textiles is the reflection of the rational behaviour of consumers. The amazing and amusing aspect of the rational behaviour is its 'dynamism' which is conspicuous because of its magnitude. It is worth noting here the opinion of Michael De Montaigne 'There never were in the world two opinions alike, no more than two hairs or two grains: the most universal quality is diversityl(Montaigne, Michael De, 1915). The dynamism of rational behaviour postulates the,formulation and the reformulation of approach, outlook or perception in resdLct of every sphere of human activity including consumption. A sagacious marketer, therefore, has to convince himself that his products / services and sti,ategies are in line with the dynamic marketing environment. 'Marketing is the 'whole business' from the viewpoint of its final result, that is, from the consumer - point- of- view' (Drucker, P.F. 1973). Unless a deliberate ...
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...Question 1 Why have American films been so successful over the last half century? Outline what you consider to be key success factors for a film (type of story and genre; actors; directors, pace, music, and so on). Was the fascination for the American culture and way of life the prominent reason for that success? What was the contribution of the American melting pot with its huge diversity of migrants’ origins to the creativity and global outlook of the American movie industry? There are several reasons for the success of American movies: the budget, the Hollywood brand, the directors and the universal themes that appeal to a broad public. When the production can cover most of its costs by the local profit, it allows for a relatively low selling price to the foreign distributors. A large budget also makes it possible to use expensive actors with a recognized name that attracts visitors, as well as developing an efficient distribution system. The US has the most prominent country-brand equity in the world, which has without a doubt contributed to the Hollywood success. Therefore one might say that the fascination for American culture has helped their movie industry, but there are too many other factors to say that this is the main reason for its success. Several of the well renowned Hollywood directors have origins outside of the US. This knowledge of more than one culture might have contributed to a more international touch to their films, appealing to many different cultures...
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...The Sony Corporation: A Case Study in Transnational Media Management by Richard A. Gershon, Western Michigan University, U.S.A. and Tsutomu Kanayama, Sophia University, Japan The transnational corporation is a nationally based company with overseas operations in two or more countries. What distinguishes the transnational media corporation (TNMC) from other types of TNCs, is that the principle product being sold is information and entertainment. The following paper is a case study analysis of the Sony Corporation; a leading TNMC in the production and sale of consumer electronics, music and film entertainment and videogame technology. There are two main parts to this study. Part I. examines the history and development of the Sony Corporation. It builds on the theoretical work of Schein, (1984, 1983), Morley, Shockley-Zalabak (1991) and Gershon (2002, 1997) who argue that the business strategies and corporate culture of a company are often a direct reflection of the person (or persons) who were responsible for developing the organization and its business mission. Second Part examines the Sony Corporation from the standpoint of business strategy. Special attention is given to the subject of organizational culture and strategic decision-making. A second argu- ment of this paper is that while Sony is a TNMC, the organization is decidedly Japanese in its business values. This is beginning to change in the face of global competition and the need to improve business performance. This...
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...The Sony Corporation: A Case Study in Transnational Media Management by Richard A. Gershon, Western Michigan University, U.S.A. and Tsutomu Kanayama, Sophia University, Japan The transnational corporation is a nationally based company with overseas operations in two or more countries. What distinguishes the transnational media corporation (TNMC) from other types of TNCs, is that the principle product being sold is information and entertainment. The following paper is a case study analysis of the Sony Corporation; a leading TNMC in the production and sale of consumer electronics, music and film entertainment and videogame technology. There are two main parts to this study. Part I. examines the history and development of the Sony Corporation. It builds on the theoretical work of Schein, (1984, 1983), Morley, Shockley-Zalabak (1991) and Gershon (2002, 1997) who argue that the business strategies and corporate culture of a company are often a direct reflection of the person (or persons) who were responsible for developing the organization and its business mission. Second Part examines the Sony Corporation from the standpoint of business strategy. Special attention is given to the subject of organizational culture and strategic decision-making. A second argu- ment of this paper is that while Sony is a TNMC, the organization is decidedly Japanese in its business values. This is beginning to change in the face of global competition and the need to improve business performance. This...
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...English 175-‐02: Introduction to Literary Genres Instructor: Aaron Schab aschab@uidaho.edu 209 Brink Hall Department of English University of Idaho Course Meets: Life Sciences South 163 Monday/Wednesday/Friday 9:30 am – 10:20 am January 9, 2013 – May 10, 2013 Course Description In this class, we will learn about the basic conventions and terms used to understand and discuss the three major genres of literature: fiction, poetry, and drama. This class will help you understand the sometimes baffling world of literature, and is intended to provide the general student with basic experience in literary analysis. Additionally, I hope this class will lead you to a lifelong appreciation for (and engagement with) reading literature. Although this class features extensive reading and writing, it is not necessary for you to be a bookworm or a writing superstar to succeed in this class – if you ...
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...ssing strategic alliances – both with traditional supply chain partners as well as with long-time competitors. As well, it has proved its worth at companies far removed from the relatively slow-clockspeed, manufacturing-intensive automotive industry. This paper describes the analysis process, the decision model, and the resulting improved process for value chain strategy at GMPT. The value analysis process emphasizes the need to balance quantitative financial considerations with less-easily quantifiable strategic issues. This model not only provided key decision support for value chain strategy, but also formed the foundation of a fast-response capability to emergent and disruptive strategic challenges. We describe why such a capability is of critical importance not only to companies such as General Motors, buy also to companies in very fast clockspeed industries such as on-line music and entertainment. Arvin Mueller, Group Vice-President of GM Powertrain from 1997 through 2001, comments on the Value Chain Strategy and its role in the strategic governance of GM’s global powertrain operations: Without a structured process for value chain strategy and formation, dealing with a rapidly changing business model in a huge, complex, and global industry provides only a hit-or-miss destiny. A systems approach to value chain strategy led to a partitioning of “Knowledge Assets” and “Supply Capabilities” within the vast business of engineering and manufacturing engines, transmissions...
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...AT Submitted to:- Submitted by:- Mr. Sajid Husain Mohd Zeeshan Cluster Head, 10bbaho40 Reliance Communications Ltd BBA-8semester Allahabad Batch : AUGUST (10-14) . INDEX Executive Summary 1. Introduction 2. Objective of the study 3. Company Profile- * About the Company * Company’s Product and its Features * Marketing Strategies * Competitors * Government Policies * Achievements * Mission * Visions * National and International Image 4. Research Methodology- * Research Problem * Sources of data * Type of research * Method of data collection * Analysis of collected data 5. Project * Introduction of the topic 6: DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION * DATA INTERPRETATION & FINDING OF CUSTOMER SURVEY 7: CONCLUSIONS ...
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...Setting the pace and getting started in NGO Corporate governance. An Assessment of corporate governance for Non Governmental Organizations in Zimbabwe By Lasford Flackson lasyflackson@gmail.com .Tel:+263773931949 Table of contents Introduction Chapter one An overview of corporate governance The evolution of governance Development of corporate governance Approaches to corporate governance Chapter two Adaptation and adoption of corporate governance Ngo sector in Zimbabwe Requirements for NGO operation in Zimbabwe Guiding principles for good corporate governance Chapter three Conclusion and Recommendations 2 Introduction The collective problem of business today is increasingly attributed to the failure of corporate governance. This means that far too many boards are failing to execute their duties responsibly, both collectively and individually. Despite increasing awareness, there is a general lack of understanding of the principles of effective corporate governance in most quarters. The study sought to assess corporate governance issues and challenges for non governmental organisations. The study takes a point of departure in explaining how non governmental organisations can adapt and adopt effective corporate governance practices viz- a- viz, how NGOs can adapt and adopt to corporate governance. Several non governmental organisations do not observe good corporate governance and this to the collapse of many. There are no set rules ...
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...Technology in Society 31 (2009) 342–349 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Technology in Society journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/techsoc The politics of airplane production: The emergence of two technological frames in the competition between Boeing and Airbus Alexander Z. Ibsen* University of Arizona, Department of Sociology, P.O. Box 210027, Tucson, AZ 85721-0027,United States a b s t r a c t Keywords: Airplanes Boeing Airbus Two-party democracy Frames Technological philosophy Economic models of technological innovation, as well as modern sociological approaches to the study of organizations, predict that two-actor markets will eventually evolve into one dominant technological logic. Why is it, then, that the only two global manufacturers of large commercial airplanes have developed diametrically opposed technological philosophies? Based on secondary historical sources, this article employs a theory of twoparty democracies from political science and the theory of sociotechnical frames to explain why Boeing pilots are allowed ultimate command of their aircraft whereas Airbus confers this authority to the flight computer. Ó 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction For anyone who has ever flown on a large airplane owned by an airline based in an affluent country, the chances are almost exactly 50% that the plane will be made by Boeing Commercial Airplanes, and 50% that it will be made by Airbus S.A.S. At the same time, it is 100%...
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