...1. Are these drinks as dangerous as the critics maintain? How much of the problem is due to the high levels of caffeine, how much is due to the labeling and marketing and how much is caused by irresponsible behaviour on the part of young people? Are companies like joose and four loko being singled out for social problems that are much wider in scope, in particular, alcohol abuse by young people? Mixing Alcohol and energy drinks can prove to be very dangerous as the affects of the caffeine mask the affects of alcohol, trying to fool someone into thinking they’re not as drunk as they really are. As a result the person will continue drinking, which can lead to alcohol poisoning. Therefore I do believe the drinks are as dangerous as the critics claim. The packaging of the alcoholic beverage closely resembles that of an energy drink, this could as a result attract younger, underage drinker to the product as young people are already the biggest group of consumers drinking energy drinks. Four Loko instead should have incorporated a design closer to resemble a beer bottle to ensure the packaging of the product does not attract the younger market and make sure the parents of younger people are not fooled into thinking the drinks in their household are energy drinks instead of alcohol. Four Loko should not have been banned but instead should have been forced to take steps such as change their packaging, marketing and level of caffeine in their beverages. Further steps could have been...
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...Commerce of Acquiring Shareholders There are different benefits to commerce of acquiring shareholders, and other entities that shield their members in regard to protection from personal liability. The primary benefit is it allows the shareholders, in the course of joint agreement, this will allow themselves to be exempt from liability, whereas the general partners bear the main responsibility for their actions. This will force the top executives and other members involved to be responsible for their actions. Corporations are formed among other things, to shield shareholders from personal liability for the corporation activities. Creditors look at the assets of the corporation for payment, but may not look at the shareholders personal assets for payments. The shareholders can be millionaires and creditors will not make them pay the corporations debts. The other benefit is that the shareholders who decide to invest, but do not want to become actively involved in the organization would not want to become involved in taking responsibility for the shareholders and others in the organization who are actively involved. Because of this benefit, the shareholders that wish to invest and do not want to become actively invested will not be held responsible for the action of others, in the organization. If the benefit to commerce with shareholders not being personally liable were not enforced, investors would be concerned about their own assets, and would not want to invest in large...
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...INTRODUCTION The link between Utilitarianism Theory and the James Hardie Industries – ‘asbestos’ case has helped me to develop a deeper understanding of the difficult ethical questions asked in business and how corporations respond to those questions using moral philosophies. From the time when the short summary written in regards to the meaning and importance of the term ’responsible business’ in week 2, till today, I have explored various historical, moral, governance and economic aspects of business both domestically and internationally, proliferating my knowledge in regards to responsible commerce. I have come to understand the moral landscape or commercial enterprises which have helped me to appreciate the social and ethical dimensions of the business culture. The analysis of the James Hardie case and the Utilitarianism Theory depicts my knowledge growth. In doing so, I am able to now make more informed business decisions for the benefit of both myself and the wider society. JAMES HARDIE The history of asbestos in Australia and around the world is a history of cover up with companies choosing to ignore the dangers for as long as possible. Asbestos causes significant health problems, most notably lung cancer and mesothelioma, a type of cancer that affects the lining of the heart and lungs. Exposure to the fibres over a prolonged period – such as in the workplace – increases health risks significantly. The mining process was just the first stage of damaging contact...
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...the value of electronic commerce initiatives • Aligning implementation plans with strategies • Deciding which electronic commerce project elements to outsource • Selecting Web hosting services • Using incubators and fast venturing techniques to launch Internet business initiatives • Using project and portfolio management techniques to plan and control electronic commerce activities • Staffing electronic commerce activities Lecture Notes Planning the Electronic Commerce Initiative A successful business plan for an electronic commerce initiative should include activities that will identify the initiative’s specific objectives and link those objectives to business strategies. In setting objectives for an electronic commerce initiative, manages should consider the strategic role of the project, its intended scope, and the resources available for executing it. Linking objectives to business strategies Benefit objectives might include building brand awareness or enhancing existing marketing and promotional programs. Some companies plan to sell products, services, and advertising, whereas others establish online auctions or create virtual communities and Web portals. Other common organizational objectives are related to purchasing functions and supply chain management, as well as improving after-sale support services. No matter which set of strategic objectives an organization selects for its electronic commerce initiative, the cost objectives...
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...Functions and Roles of Law LAW/421 Joshua Maxa 30 July 2012 Kathryn Harris Functions and Role of Laws Abstract In this paper we will be talking about how laws are made and by who they are made. Then we will also be talking about three different types of laws that are society leans on every day. Moving in to who is responsible for using the laws and what the functions of laws are with in society and business. That will bring us to the point of talking about the commerce clause and what role this clause has on my current job and the whole trucking industry. Within that clause we will be talking about a few of the laws that Congress has set forth for the trucking industry and what impact it has on people like me the driver. Who makes the Laws? Laws are a very important function in today’s society and business. Without laws what would the world be like? Well to answer this question we must first know who writes the laws, what laws are, and who is responsible for using the laws. We must also see firsthand how these laws affect us as a society and as a business. First let’s take a look at who makes laws. Laws are made by three branches of the government. These branches are the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch. The executive branch is made up of the president and vice president who have to sign all laws before they go into effect. This is only after the legislative branch has made and voted on any law that they believe should...
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...from a single person b: carried on between individuals directly 3: relating to the person or body 4: relating to an individual or an individual's character, conduct, motives, or private affairs often in an offensive manner 5a: being rational and self-conscious b: having the qualities of a person rather than a thing or abstraction 6: of, relating to, or constituting personal property 7: denoting grammatical person 8: intended for private use or use by one person ("Personal - Definition And More From The Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary", 2007) The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines responsibility as: 1: the quality or state of being responsible: as a: moral, legal, or mental accountability b: reliability, trustworthiness 2: something for which one is responsible: burden ("Responsibility - Definition And More From The Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary", 2010) The words personal and responsibility when combined have different meaning to different individuals. For myself, personal responsibility means taking responsibility for one’s actions and how it will affect others. Personal responsibility is taking care of oneself. That means taking care mentally, physically, and spiritually. Taking responsibility for one’s own actions shows exceptional morale character, a trait, which can be passed along to others just through the observance of one’s actions. The act of breaking something when no one else is around to observe...
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...About my in-class writing submission in week 2 tutorial about my understanding of the need of engage in responsible commerce, it is just a superficial discussion. At that time I did not thinking about this topic systematically. In that article, I only talk about the importance of responsible commerce like how necessary of responsible commerce and what consequences it can be brought if there is not responsible commerce. To my mind, ‘responsible commerce’ refers to the corporation preventing and solving long term issues to maximize the benefits of the shareholders and stakeholders which compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards and international norms. But during the study of COMM101, I found that the principles of responsible commerce are really important for the development of our society, both in economic and culture areas. With the development of globalization, the competition among industries becomes more and more fierce. How to earn more profits with much lower operational cost has become every company's concern and pursuit. Unfortunately, in order to reach their profitable goal, many companies adopt illegal and immoral methods to conquer the market and maintain their market share. However, their improper market behavior is devastating to both the market and the enterprises themselves. On the one hand, their immoral market activity may break the market rules and regulation, which in turn disrupt the normal running of this industry and threaten the operation...
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...liability hold Zoom Car Company liable for any injuries caused by the defect? Plaintiff's Argument: The Plaintiff argues that although Zoom Car Company is not the one who makes the compass installed in their cars, they are liable to the consumer or user for any issues and defects that come with the compass according to the doctrine of strict liability in tort. The doctrine makes “...manufacturers, distributors, wholesalers, retailers, and others in the chain of distribution of a defective product liable for the damages caused by the defect, irrespective of fault” (The Legal Environment of Business and Online Commerce, 121). The compass installed in the car was defective and did not perform its intended function of providing correct directions. This means that the compass had a defect in manufacture. According to The Legal Environment of Business and Online Commerce, there are three ways that a defect in manufacture can occur: when a manufacturer fails to properly assemble a product, properly test a product, or adequately check the quality of a product (124). Had the compass been properly tested, the defect in the performance of the compass would have been detected and fixed. Furthermore, even if the product was tested, the quality of the product was not adequately checked to make sure the product does not give...
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...Commission than you think. The FTC deals with issues that touch the economic life of every American. It is the only federal agency with both consumer protection and competition jurisdiction in broad sectors of the economy. The FTC pursues vigorous and effective law enforcement; advances consumers’ interests by sharing its expertise with federal and state legislatures and U.S. and international government agencies; develops policy and research tools through hearings, workshops, and conferences; and creates practical and plain-language educational programs for consumers and businesses in a global marketplace with constantly changing technologies. When the FTC was created in 1914, its purpose was to prevent unfair methods of competition in commerce as part of the battle to “bust the trusts.” Over the years,...
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...Week One objectives: What are the benefits to commerce of having shareholders—and other entities that shield their members—protected from personal liability? The main benefit to commerce to having shareholders is forcing top executives and other members of management to be accountable for their actions. When the shareholders have a vested interest in the company operations a duty exist on both sides to insure the company is performing well not only economically but also socially. A corporation exists to shield shareholders from the personal liability for the actions of a corporation. An example would be the shareholders of BP. Despite the fact there were billions of dollars in damages related to the Gulf oil spill of 2010, the shareholders were not held personally responsible for the damages although the BP Corporation was, both socially and economically. Shareholders decide to invest in a company which they feel will turn a profit for their portfolio or they decide to invest in a company that will serve the community, promote job growth, or be a responsible steward for their investment. A benefit is created commercially for not only the shareholder but the industry the corporation participates in by creating competition and other economic benefits. Would commerce be better served if personal liability would attach to those individuals for the misdeeds of their entity? Why or why not? Commerce would not be better off if personal liability were...
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...There are a lot of literature materials which discuss basically all the aspects of e-commerce. A lot of reviews, studies, analysis, and surveys were already formulated by market research firms and organisations with direct interests in the e-commerce business. In this research however, related literature materials which were included were those that mostly concern the business processes and methodologies employed in the use of e-commerce. This section is structured accordingly. First, there is a brief discussion about the definition of e-commerce. Then a justification of e-commerce as a business methodology and its benefits is presented. Different e-commerce applications, issues, and legal concerns were discussed next. Definitions of E-commerce There are many confusing definitions of e-commerce. Some see e-commerce as Internet-based activities only while others include any kinds of exchanges of resources (electronic information, applications, methodologies, and strategies). There is one thing common to all of these sets of general definitions however: e-commerce is a process where electronic connections make it possible to exchange resources. E-commerce is a very broad term used to describe modern ways of doing business today. If we take a much broader view, we define e-commerce as the use of the computer to facilitate all of the firm's operations, many of which are internal. These operations are performed within the firm by the functional areas of finance, human resources,...
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...Problem 19-25 |Item No. |Audit Procedures |Required Disclosures and Reasons | |1 |Tracing |Must adjust the financial statements; affect | | | |your the accounting estimates and are on the | | | |books as of the balance sheet date. | |2 |Analytical Procedures |Nothing; subsequent event occurring after field| | | |work but before issuance of report | |3 |Inquiry |Disclosed as footnotes in the financial | | | |statements; aren’t on the books before the | | | |balance sheet date and have no direct effect on| | | |the financial statements under audit | |4 ...
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...There are different benefits to commerce of acquiring shareholders, and other entities that shield their members in regard to protection from personal liability. The primary benefit is it allows the shareholders, in the course of joint agreement, this will allow themselves to be exempt from liability, whereas the general partners bear the main responsibility for their actions. This will force the top executives and other members involved to be responsible for their actions. Corporations are formed among other things, to shield shareholders from personal liability for the corporation activities. Creditors look at the assets of the corporation for payment, but may not look at the shareholders personal assets for payments. The shareholders can be millionaires and creditors will not make them pay the corporations debts. The other benefit is that the shareholders who decide to invest, but do not want to become actively involved in the organization would not want to become involved in taking responsibility for the shareholders and others in the organization who are actively involved. Because of this benefit, the shareholders that wish to invest and do not want to become actively invested will not be held responsible for the action of others, in the organization. If the benefit to commerce with shareholders not being personally liable were not enforced, investors would be concerned about their own assets, and would not want to invest in large companies, where large dollar...
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...How E-commerce Affects Business Transactions Published: 15, June 2016 Literature Review There are a lot of literature materials which discuss basically all the aspects of e-commerce. A lot of reviews, studies, analysis, and surveys were already formulated by market research firms and organisations with direct interests in the e-commerce business. In this research however, related literature materials which were included were those that mostly concern the business processes and methodologies employed in the use of e-commerce. This section is structured accordingly. First, there is a brief discussion about the definition of e-commerce. Then a justification of e-commerce as a business methodology and its benefits is presented. Different e-commerce applications, issues, and legal concerns were discussed next. Definitions of E-commerce There are many confusing definitions of e-commerce. Some see e-commerce as Internet-based activities only while others include any kinds of exchanges of resources (electronic information, applications, methodologies, and strategies). There is one thing common to all of these sets of general definitions however: e-commerce is a process where electronic connections make it possible to exchange resources. E-commerce is a very broad term used to describe modern ways of doing business today. If we take a much broader view, we define e-commerce as the use of the computer to facilitate all of the firm's operations, many of which are internal. These...
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... Give the different types of electronic commerce software a. E-Commerce Marketplaces - Internet, intranet, and extranet websites and portals hosted by individual companies, consortiums of organizations, or third-party intermediaries providing electronic catalog, exchange, and auction markets to unite buyers and sellers to accomplish e-commerce transactions. b. E-Commerce Auction - e-commerce auction is an auction website which allows consumers (and businesses) to buy and sell with each other in an auction process. c. E-Commerce Catalog - E-commerce catalog is a high-speed web-trading site, which offers electronic catalog shopping and ordering for products, which are offered by many suppliers in an industry. d. E-Commerce Exchange - E-commerce exchange is a high-speed platform where buyers and sellers can interact to negotiate prices for products and services. e. E-Commerce Portal E-commerce portals are developed and hosted by third-party market maker companies who serve as infomediaries that bring buyers and sellers together in catalog, exchange, and auction markets. f. E-Commerce Success Factors: Some of the key factors for success in e-commerce include: selection and value, performance and service, look and feel, advertising and incentives, personal attention, community relationships, and security and reliability. g. E-Commerce Technologies: - Electronic commerce can be viewed as depending on six layers...
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