Term Paper

TOPICE

Architecture of processor used in Samsung S
And Compare it with previous version processor of same company

SUMIITED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-
Mohit Verma Name: Ankit Kumar Rajput Regd. No: 11105186 Rollno: B42 Section: K1103

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.
I am highly indebted to our Faculty MR. Mohit Verma for his guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in completing the project.
I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents & friends for their kind co-operation and encouragement which help me in completion of this project.

My thanks and appreciations also go to my classmates in developing the project and people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities.

Content

1) Introduction to Samsung Galaxy S

2) Description about Samsung Galaxy S4

3) Different processor in Samsung Galaxy S4

4) Different processor chip used in Samsung Galaxy S4

5) Description about Samsung Galaxy S3

6) Different processor in Samsung Galaxy S3

7) Difference between S3 and S4

AIM :- Explain architecture of processor used in Samsung S and Compare it with previous version processor of same company.

INTRODUCTION:-

Samsung Galaxy S series refers to the high-end/flagship Android smartphones in the Samsung GalaxyY series and includes Super Smart devices of the GALAXY series and manufactured by Samsung Electronics.

The Samsung Galaxy series have many different models

1) Samsung Galaxy S

2) Samsung Galaxy S2

3) Samsung Galaxy S3

4) Samsung Galaxy S4

The new model of Samsung Galaxy S series is Samsung Galaxy S4.

But we have discussed about the only two last models Samsung Galaxy S3 and
Samsung Galaxy S4
Samsung Galaxy S4 vs Galaxy S3 – CPU
Galaxy S4 – Snapdragon 600 quad-core 1.9GHz CPU, 2GB RAM
Galaxy S3 – Exynos 4212 quad-core 1.4GHz CPU, 1GB RAM

Before the Galaxy S4 was released, we believed it would use an eight-core processor. However, the version we have in the UK is a plain old quad-core edition.

It has a Snapdragon 600 quad-core chip, which uses the Krait architecture, and is clocked at 1.9GHz. From a pure numbers perspective, it doesn’t sound all that much more powerful than the quad-core Exynos 4212 1.4GHz processor of the Galaxy S3.

However, there is quite a gap between the two, largely down to the generational shift in processor architecture. The Cortex-A9 cores of the Galaxy S3 are 32nm in construction, the Krait cores of the S4 28nm. This enables the Krait processor to be more efficient.
Samsung Galaxy S3

The Galaxy S4 much more RAM than its predecessor, with 1GB instead of 2GB. The difference in day-to-day operation isn’t hugely obvious, as both phones are snappy, but the benchmarks show the true gap between them.

In the AnTuTu bench, the Galaxy S4 scores around 23,000 points, the Galaxy S3 around 12,000. This separation will become all the more obvious as time goes by, and the older Galaxy phone begins to age – struggling with the latest snazzy games. We’re not quite there yet, though.

Description about Samsung Galaxy S4

The Samsung Galaxy S4 is a high-end, Android smartphone produced by Samsung Electronics. It is a successor to the Galaxy S III which maintains a similar design, but with upgraded hardware and an increased focus on software features that take advantage of its hardware capabilities—such as the ability to detect when a finger is hovered over the screen, and expanded eye tracking functionality . A hardware variant of the Galaxy S4 also became the first ever smartphone to support the emerging LTE Advanced mobile network standard.

The S4 has three versions, two featuring an Exynos 5 Octa and one featuring a Snapdragon 600.

New Samsung Galaxy S4 comes in two regional variants that differ primarily in the internal hardware

Processor used in Samsung Galaxy S4 | 1.6 GHz quad-core Cortex-A15 and 1.2 GHz – quad-core-Cortex-A7 (GT-I9500 version)1.9 GHz quad-core Krait300(GT-I9505 version) |

Different processor in Samsung Galaxy S4

ARM Cortex-A15 MPCore

The ARM Cortex-A15 MPCore is a multicore ARM architecture processor providing an out-of-order superscalar pipeline ARM v7 instruction set running at up to 2.5 GHz.

The ARM Cortex™-A15 MPCore™ processor is today’s high-performance engine for your highly-connected device. This processor delivers unprecedented flexibility and processing capability. As with ARM’s heritage, this processor is designed with advanced power reduction techniques, and enables compelling products in a wide range of new and existing ARM markets ranging from mobile computing, high-end digital home, servers and wireless infrastructure.

Overview of ARM ARM Cortex-A15 MPCore
ARM has claimed that the Cortex A15 core is 40 percent more powerful than the Cortex-A9 core with the same number of cores at the same speed.The first A15 designs came out in the autumn of 2011, but products based on the chip did not reach the market until 2012.

Key features of the Cortex-A15 core are: * 40-bit Large Physical Address Extensions (LPAE) addressing up to 1 TB of RAM. As per the x86 Physical Address Extension, still only 32-bit address space is available per process. * 15 stage integer/17–25 stage floating point pipeline, with out-of-order speculative issue 3-way superscalar execution pipeline. * 4 cores per cluster, up to 2 clusters per chip with CoreLink 400 (an AMBA-4 coherent interconnect). ARM provides specifications but the licencees individually design ARM chips, and AMBA-4 scales beyond 2 clusters. * DSP and NEON SIMD extensions onboard (per core) * VFPv4 Floating Point Unit onboard (per core) * Hardware virtualization support * Thumb-2 instruction set encoding reduces the size of programs with little impact on performance. * TrustZone security extensions * Jazelle RCT for JIT compilation * Program Trace Macrocell and CoreSight Design Kit for unobtrusive tracing of instruction execution * 32 KB data + 32 KB instruction L1 cache per core * Integrated low-latency level-2 cache controller, up to 4 MB per cluster

ARM Cortex-A15 MPCore

ARM Cortex-A15 MPCore chip

ARM Cortex-A7 MPCore

The ARM Cortex-A7 MPCore is a processor core designed by ARM Holdings implementing the ARM v7 instruction set architecture.

The ARM Cortex™-A7 MPCore™ processor is the most efficient application processor ARM has ever developed and dramatically extends ARM’s low-power leadership in future entry level smart phones, tablets and other advanced mobile devices.
The architecture and feature set of the Cortex-A7 processor are identical to the Cortex-A15 processor, with differences in the Cortex-A7 processor's microarchitecture focused on providing optimum energy efficiency, enabling the two processors to operate in tandem in a big.LITTLE configuration to provide the ultimate combination of high-performance with ultra-low power consumption.
As a standalone processor, the Cortex-A7 will enable entry level smartphones at below $100 price point in the 2013-2014 timeframe that are equivalent to a $500 high-end smartphone in 2010. These entry-level smartphones will redefine connectivity and internet usage in the developing world.
Overview of ARM ARM Cortex-A7 MPCore
The Cortex-A7 processor is a very energy efficient applications processor designed to enable low-cost, fully featured entry-level smart phones in addition to other low-power embedded and consumer applications.
The processor is fully compatible with other Cortex-A series processors and incorporates all features of the high-performance Cortex-A15 processor including virtualization support in hardware, Large Physical Address Extensions (LPAE), NEON advanced SIMD, and AMBA 4 ACE coherency.
The Cortex-A7 processor is widely used as a standalone applications processor in entry level smartphone applications. It is also used as a LITTLE processor in ARM big.LITTLE processing technology - which powers high end mobile platforms today.
The Cortex-A7 processor: * Provides best power-efficiency and low footprint as a standalone applications processor Similar performance to mainstream smartphone in 2012 based on Cortex-A9
Up to 20% more performance compared to Cortex-A5 at similar energy efficiency * Used as energy efficient LITTLE CPU with high performance Cortex-A15 processor to enable ARM big.LITTLE Processing
Software can run on an energy efficient Cortex-A7 processor and on a high performance Cortex-A15 processor as needed without recompilation
AMBA 4 ACE coherency interface enables sub-20us context migration between big and LITTLE CPU clusters

ARM Cortex-A7 MPCore
Krait

Krait is an ARM-based central processing unit included in Qualcomm Snapdragon S4 and Snapdragon 400/600/800 (Krait 200, Krait 300 and Krait 400) System on chips. It is a successor to the Scorpion CPU and has architectural similarities to ARM Cortex-A15.

Overview of Karti

11 stage integer pipeline with 3-way decode and 4-way out-of-order speculative issue superscalar execution * Pipelined VFPv4 and 128-bit wide NEON (SIMD) * 7 execution ports * 4 KB + 4 KB direct mapped L0 cache * 16 KB + 16 KB 4-way set associative L1 cache * 1 MB 8-way set associative (dual-core) or 2 MB (quad-core) L2 cache * Dual or quad-core configurations * Performance (DMIPS/MHz): * Krait: 3.3 * Krait 200: 3.1 * Krait 300: 3.39 * Krait 400: 3.39 * 28 nm process

Different processor chip used in Samsung Galaxy S4

Samsung Exynos 5 Octa

New Exynos 5 Octa is the world’s best mobile processor to implement the new era of graphics performance in Mobile. Exynos 5 Octa processor seamlessly combines the ultimate processing power with the energy efficiency by four Cortex-A15 cores and four Cortex-A7 cores. Using 28 nm HKMG (High-K Metal Gate) process technology and big.LITTLE architecture, Exynos 5 Octa gives your state-of-the-art mobile products an unmatched performance with much longer battery life. Exynos 5 Octa brings with it the highest level of pure processing power that the world has never seen before in a mobile device.

Qualcomm Snapdragon 600

Snapdragon 600 processors are designed to outperform other new mobile processors in performance per watt. Offering system-wide architectural improvement , key component upgrade and expanded connectivity options, Snapdragon 600 efficiently enable the kinds of advanced user experiences today’s users demand, like smooth online 3-D gaming and super responsive web browsing.

Performance comparison
Both versions of Samsung's Android flagship for 2013 breeze through not only the heavily TouchWiz-coated Android, but also through any application or game you throw at them.
Samsung's Exynos 5 Octachipset utilizes ARM's big.LITTLE chipset architecture. It mates a set of four low-power Cortex-A7 cores with a set of four beefier Cortex-A15 cores to provide better balance between power consumption and performance. In the case of the Exynos 5 Octa, quad 1.2GHz Cortex-A7 cores take care of trivial UI tasks, as well as calls and messaging. When demand for performance increases, the four 1.6GHz Cortex-A15 cores step up to the job at hand.
In comparison, the Snapdragon 600 that's in control under the hood of the Galaxy S4 GT-I9505 relies purely on the quad-core 1.9GHz Krait 300 CPU inside to be power efficient when there's not much to be done, and performance-oriented when there is. It's clocked considerably higher than the Cortex-A15s, which usually means more power consumption, but also more power.
However, the CPUs aren't the only difference between the two chipsets - the GPUs are different models, too. The Adreno 320 clocked at 450MHz is the graphics guru in the Snapdragon 600, while the tri-core 533MHz PowerVR SGX544 GPU is in charge of graphics on board the Exynos chipset. If the latter sounds familiar, that's because it's not exactly new, but the extra core and clock speed should give it an edge over its Adreno counterpart.

Before we begin with the benchmarks, it should be noted that while technically true, the Galaxy S4 GT-I9500 isn't exactly an octa-core device in the sense that only a set of four cores is working at any single time. This means that when things get really hairy, the Cortex-A7 doesn't provide any additional computational power to the Cortex-A15.

Both versions of the Galaxy S4 smoke the competition out of the water in the BenchmarkPi test. Interestingly, there isn't a winner among them, as they both score the same score.
Description about Samsung Galaxy S3

The Samsung Galaxy S3 is a multi-touch, slate-format smartphone designed, developed, and marketed by Samsung Electronics that runs the Android operating system. It has additional software features, expanded hardware, and a redesigned physique from its predecessor, the Samsung Galaxy S II. The S III employs an intelligent personal assistant (S Voice), eye-tracking ability, increased storage, and a wireless charging option. Depending on country, the 4.8-inch (120 mm) smartphone comes with different processors and RAM capacity, and 4G LTE support. The device was launched with Android 4.0.4 "Ice Cream Sandwich", and can be updated to Android 4.1.2 "Jelly Bean". The phone's successor is the Samsung Galaxy S4.

Different processor in Samsung Galaxy S3

ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore

The ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore is a 32-bit multicore processor providing up to 4 cache-coherent Cortex-A9 cores, each implementing the ARM v7 instruction set architecture

The ARM Cortex™-A9 processor is the power-efficient and popular high performance choice in low power or thermally constrained cost-sensitive devices.
It is currently shipping in increasing volumes in smartphones, digital TV, consumer and enterprise applications enabling your connected life. Cortex-A9 is available as a single processor solution offering an overall performance enhancement of well above 50% compared to ARM Cortex-A8 solutions. Cortex-A9 MPCore offers up to 4 processors delivering when needed, on lightweight workload as well as peak performance. Its configurability and flexibility allows Cortex-A9 to scale across a wide variety of markets and applications.
Cortex-A9 is available as either synthesizable or hard-macro implementations. ARM Physical IP is available to support a synthesizable flow optimized for lowest power or highest performance, as well as a choice of hard-macros reducing risk and shortening time-to-market to a minimum. Enhanced ARM Graphics IP like Mali-624 as well as ARM System IP such as CoreLink NIC-400/301 network interconnect and CoreLink DMC-342 dynamic memory controller allow a rapid system design. ARM Development Suite 5 (DS-5™) tools and enhanced CoreSight Debug & Trace IP like CoreSight SoC-400 and CoreSight Design Kit for Cortex-A9 (DK-A9) allow instant software development that is backed by a broad software ecosystem.

ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore
Overview of ARM Cortex-A09 MPCore
Key features of the Cortex-A9 core are * Out-of-order speculative issue superscalar execution pipeline giving 2.50 DMIPS/MHz/core. * NEON SIMD instruction set extension performing up to 16 operations per instruction (optional). * High performance VFPv3 floating point unit doubling the performance of previous ARM FPUs (optional). * Thumb-2 instruction set encoding reduces the size of programs with little impact on performance. * TrustZone security extensions. * Jazelle DBX support for Java execution. * Jazelle RCT for JIT compilation. * Program Trace Macrocell and CoreSight Design Kit for unobtrusive tracing of instruction execution. * L2 cache controller (0-4 MB). * Multi-core processing.
ARM states that the TSMC 40G hard macro implementation typically operating at 2 GHz; a single core (excluding caches) occupies less than 1.5 mm2 when designed in a TSMC 65 nanometer (nm) generic process and can be clocked at speeds over 1 GHz, consuming less than 250 mW per core.
Krait
Krait is an ARM-based central processing unit included in Qualcomm Snapdragon S4 and Snapdragon 400/600/800 (Krait 200, Krait 300 and Krait 400) System on chips. It is a successor to the Scorpion CPU and has architectural similarities to ARM Cortex-A15.

Overview of Krait * 11 stage integer pipeline with 3-way decode and 4-way out-of-order speculative issue superscalar execution * Pipelined VFPv4 and 128-bit wide NEON (SIMD) * 7 execution ports * 4 KB + 4 KB direct mapped L0 cache * 16 KB + 16 KB 4-way set associative L1 cache * 1 MB 8-way set associative (dual-core) or 2 MB (quad-core) L2 cache * Dual or quad-core configurations * Performance (DMIPS/MHz): * Krait: 3.3 * Krait 200: 3.1 * Krait 300: 3.39 * Krait 400: 3.39 * 28 nm process
Karti used in both the Samsung Galaxy S3-S4
What’s the difference between the Samsung Galaxy S3 and S4?

Samsung galaxy S3 vs. Samsung Galaxy S4 – what’s the difference?
At first glance, there’s not a huge difference between the Samsung galaxy S3 (available to order here) and the S4 (available to order here), – their form factors are incredibly similar; the dimensions of the devices are pretty much the same and they have a similar look about them.
So what generates this difference in price? Is it worth paying the extra for the S4, or should you save a few quid and stick with the still impressive S3?

First of all, here’s a brief run through of the differences between the two. These are discussed in more detail throughout the rest of the article, so keep reading if you want to know more.

What’s new in the Samsung Galaxy S4? * Larger display, with a higher resolution * More built-in features * Better camera * More processing power * Newer version of MHL (TV out), which requires less cables to set up * Better battery life * Slimmer and lighter design * Better accessory range

References: I. Wikipedia.com II. www.arm.com III. www.samsung.com/in/#mobile