Premium Essay

Review of Aicpa Review of Good Tax Policy

In:

Submitted By masimbi
Words 1855
Pages 8
American tax system is one of the most complexes in the world, it has many codes and it’s difficult for an ordinary citizen without formal training to understand. Due to its complexity and impact it has on business, economy and politics it has always attracted a lot of attention. There is a continuing discussion that takes place among politicians, economists, tax practitioners, and others about making changes to our federal and state tax systems. Some of the proposed changes are fundamental in that they would, for example, replace the federal income tax with a consumption tax. Other people propose varying degrees of change to the existing federal tax system, like adding or expanding tax incentives to encourage savings, modernizing the international tax rules to better address today's global economy, or making procedural changes to improve compliance. The most important question is how should proposed changes be analyzed? The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) has issued suggestions for Federal tax policy. The suggestions analyze fundamental tax-reform proposals. AICPA determined that the proposal debate was missing an analytical framework to determine whether the proposals incorporated principles of "good" tax policy. AICPA created a framework to present the principles of a good tax system; it can be used both to analyze proposals and to modify them (if necessary), so that any changes will strengthen the tax system, rather than weaken it. It can also serve to identify and design improvements to the tax system.
The framework can be used to analyze tax proposals of any size, degree and at any government level. The framework is titled “Guiding Principles of Good Tax Policy: A Framework for Evaluating Tax Proposals. Sets 10 tax principles that are commonly used as indicators of desirable tax policy. Incorporating those principles into the

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Auditing Independence

...Generally, an audit includes the following steps: overall audit planning, assess control risk, perform tests of controls, perform substantive tests of account balances, and finally complete the audit (Kerr, Elder and Arens). In the overall audit planning stage, the CPA has to obtain an understanding of the potential client’s business and establish if the CPA Firm and its associates are independent. These two steps must be done before the CPA Firm can decide to accept the audit engagement. There are many important factors, steps, issues, knowledge, just to name a few that go into an audit but this paper will focus on the issue of independence. One of the principles listed in the AICPA Professional Code of Conduct states that an auditor in public practice must be independent in appearance and fact (AICPA Standards). As stated previously, the initial step in the audit process is to perform overall audit planning. Within this first step the Firm and its associates have to decide if they are independent in regards to the potential client. The term associate will include all of the following entities and/or individuals; CPA Firm, the CPA employed by the CPA Firm, a partner...

Words: 4449 - Pages: 18

Premium Essay

Auditing and the Public Accounting Profession

...AUDITING AND THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTING PROFESSION AUDITING AND ASSURANCE SERVICES DEFINED Auditing plays a vital role in business, goverment, and our economy. As a vocation, auditing offers the opportunity for challenging and rewarding careers in public accounting, industry and goverment. Many auditors develop a client based with a concentration in one or more key industries. As a result of serving many client in similar industries, few individuals understand the key competitiveness factors for a business better than auditor. Individuals choosing an auditing in a public accounting firm have the opportunity to progress from a starting position of staff assisstant to senior auditor, to manager and then to partner. Regardless of their career path, most auditors are recognized for their expertise in evaluating organizational performance. AUDITING DEFINED The term auditing is used to describe a broad range of activities in our society. The Report of the Committee on Basic Auditing Concepts of the American Accounting Association defines auditing as : “a systematic process of objectively obtaining and evaluating evidence regarding assertion about economic actions and events to ascertain the degree of correspondence between those assertions and established criteria and communicating the results to interested users.” Several attributes of auditing contained in this definition merit special comment: 1. A systematic process connotes a logical, structured, and organized...

Words: 2797 - Pages: 12

Premium Essay

Audit Test Bank Ch 13 &14

...Chapter 13 Auditing the Inventory Management Process Answer Key     True / False Questions   1. The "cradle-to-grave" cycle for inventory begins when goods are purchased and stored and ends when the finished goods are shipped to customers.  TRUE   AACSB: Analytic AICPA BB: Industry AICPA FN: Decision Making Blooms: Remember Difficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 13-01 Develop an understanding of the inventory management process. Topic: Overview of Inventory Management Process   2. A receiving report records the shipment of goods to customers.  FALSE   AACSB: Analytic AICPA BB: Industry AICPA FN: Decision Making Blooms: Remember Difficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 13-02 Be able to identify and describe the types of documents and records used in the inventory management process. Topic: Types of Documents and Records   3. Sale of finished goods is a part of the inventory management process.  FALSE   AACSB: Analytic AICPA BB: Industry AICPA FN: Decision Making Blooms: Remember Difficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 13-03 Understand the functions in the inventory management process. Topic: The Major Functions   4. Once the controls in the inventory system have been tested, the auditor sets the level of control risk.  TRUE   AACSB: Analytic AICPA BB: Industry AICPA FN: Risk Analysis Blooms: Remember Difficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 13-06 Know how to assess control risk for the inventory system. Topic: Control Risk...

Words: 15455 - Pages: 62

Free Essay

This Is a Document

...Statement on Responsibilities in Personal Financial Planning Practice Copyright © 2010 by American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Inc. New York, NY 10036-8775 All rights reserved. For information about the procedure for requesting permission to make copies of any part of this work, please visit www.copyright.com or call (978) 750-8400. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Statement on Responsibilities in Personal Financial Planning Practice Task Force Clark Blackman II, Chair (PFP Executive Committee) and Past Chair Dirk Edwards, Chair John Connell Charles Kowal Jerry Love Randy Ryan Scott Sprinkle Ken Strauss AICPA Staff Mark Koziel, Director (Specialized Communities) Andrea Millar, Sr. Technical Manager (PFP Division) Teighlor March, Senior Manager (Legal, Legislative & Regulatory Affairs) Sarah Bradley, Project Manager (PFP Division) 2 Contents Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................................. 2 Foreword ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Exceptions From This Statement............................................................................................................. 6 Responsibilities of Members in Personal Financial Planning Services Engagements .............................. 7 Professional Competence .....................................................

Words: 18833 - Pages: 76

Premium Essay

Sp Paper

...Members also have a continuing responsibility to cooperate with each other to improve the art of accounting, maintain the public's confidence, and carry out the profession's special responsibilities for self-governance. We worked in this paper about the ethical dilemmas using an ethical framework, the AICPA code of rules and interpretation on independence and it’s importance and the requirements of other rules under the AICPA. We found that in some cases the rules of conduct is applied accurately and in other situations violation of code of conduct, rules of conduct is existed. Ethics in professional accountancy are of utmost importance. Now as the business and financial world is adopting international accounting and auditing standards, it is becoming all the more necessary to adhere to certain Code of Ethics prescribed by international and national accountancy bodies. Accountants practicing in all segments of accounting need to understand both the relevant ethical standards of accounting and the mechanisms for enforcing these ethical standards. Further, accountants need to have an understanding of how to apply these standards in practical situations. In 1988, the AICPA restructured the profession's Code of Conduct. The changes resulted in a code with a more positive orientation. 1.0 Introduction The most well-known attest engagement is the CPA's auditing of financial statements prepared by a company's management. In this situation the CPA adds credibility...

Words: 12621 - Pages: 51

Premium Essay

Account

...Becker CPA Review, PassMaster Questions Lecture: Financial 1 CPA PassMaster Questions-Financial 1 Export Date: 10/30/08 1 © 2009 DeVry/Becker Educational Development Corp. All rights reserved. Becker CPA Review, PassMaster Questions Lecture: Financial 1 Sources of GAAP CPA-00001 Type1 M/C A-D Corr Ans: D PM#1 F 1-01 1. CPA-00001 FARE Nov 95 #1, Released 2006 Page 6 According to the FASB conceptual framework, the objectives of financial reporting for business enterprises are based on: a. Generally accepted accounting principles. b. Reporting on management's stewardship. c. The need for conservatism. d. The needs of the users of the information. CPA-00001 Explanation Choice "d" is correct. The FASB conceptual framework states that the objectives of financial reporting stem from the informational needs of the external users of the information. SFAC 1 para. 28 ...

Words: 34349 - Pages: 138

Premium Essay

Accounting

...Chapter 4 Professional Ethics ← Review Questions 4-1 The six core ethical values described by the Josephson Institute are: 1. Trustworthiness 4. Fairness 2. Respect 5. Caring 3. Responsibility 6. Citizenship There are many other potential sources of ethical values, including laws and regulations, church doctrines, codes of professional ethics, and individual organizations’ codes of conduct. 4-2 An ethical dilemma is a situation that a person faces in which a decision must be made about the appropriate behavior. There are many possible ethical dilemmas that one can face, such as finding a wallet containing money, or dealing with a supervisor who asks you to work hours without recording them. An ethical dilemma can be resolved using the six-step approach outlined on p. 78 of the text. The six steps are: 1. Obtain the relevant facts. 2. Identify the ethical issues from the facts. 3. Determine who is affected by the outcome of the dilemma and how each person or group is affected. 4. Identify the alternatives available to the person who must resolve the dilemma. 5. Identify the likely consequence of each alternative. 6. Decide the appropriate action. 4-3 There is a special need for ethical behavior by professionals to maintain public confidence in the profession, and in the services provided by members of that profession. The ethical requirements for CPAs are similar to the ethical requirements...

Words: 6963 - Pages: 28

Premium Essay

Audit

...Following are multiple choice questions recently released by the AICPA. These questions were released by the AICPA with letter answers only. Our editorial board has provided the accompanying explanations. Please note that the AICPA generally releases questions that it does NOT intend to use again. These questions and content may or may not be representative of questions you may see on any upcoming exams. 2006 AICPA Newly-Released Auditing Questions An auditor observes the mailing of monthly statements to a client's customers and reviews evidence of follow-up on errors reported by the customers. This test of controls most likely is performed to support management's financial statement assertions of: Presentation and disclosure Yes Yes No No Existence or occurrence Yes No Yes No a. b. c. d. ANSWER: Choice "c" is correct. In testing the existence or occurrence assertion, the auditor is concerned that fictitious or overstated receivables may have been recorded. Observing the mailing of monthly statements and reviewing evidence of follow-up on errors reported by customers provides evidence that procedures are in place to identify and correct such errors. Choice "a" is incorrect. Observing the mailing of monthly statements and reviewing evidence of follow-up on errors reported by customers does not provide any assurance regarding how receivables are presented and disclosed in the financial statements. Choice "b" is incorrect. Observing the mailing of monthly statements...

Words: 11923 - Pages: 48

Premium Essay

Becker Review

...Following are multiple choice questions recently released by the AICPA. These questions were released by the AICPA with letter answers only. Our editorial board has provided the accompanying explanations. Please note that the AICPA generally releases questions that it does NOT intend to use again. These questions and content may or may not be representative of questions you may see on any upcoming exams. 2007 AICPA Newly Released Questions – Auditing 1. CPA-05465 Which of the following categories is included in generally accepted auditing standards? a. b. c. d. Standards of review. Standards of planning. Standards of fieldwork. Standards of evidence. ANSWER: Choice "c" is correct. Generally accepted auditing standards include three categories: general standards, standards of fieldwork, and standards of reporting. Choices "a", "b", and "d" are incorrect, based on the above explanation. 1 2007 AICPA Newly Released Questions – Auditing 2. CPA-05466 A retailing entity uses the Internet to execute and record its purchase transactions. The entity's auditor recognizes that the documentation of details of transactions will be retained for only a short period of time. To compensate for this limitation, the auditor most likely would: a. b. c. d. Compare a sample of paid vendors' invoices to the receiving records at year-end. Plan for a large measure of tolerable misstatement in substantive tests. Perform tests several times during the year, rather than only at year-end. Increase...

Words: 11286 - Pages: 46

Premium Essay

Becoming a Texas Cpa

...in Texas. In addition, it addresses the requirements to apply for and sit for the Texas Uniform CPA Exam, which details the topics covered and the structure of the exam. The report presents the rules, sites, and testing windows under which the exam can be taken. It also discusses the resources available in preparation for the exam. Finally, it includes the additional requirements to become a Texas CPA once a candidate passes the exam. The Texas State Boards of Accountancy determines the laws and rules for becoming a CPA in the state of Texas. The candidates who meet specific eligibility requirements will be issued certificates to practice public accountancy within the state. These requirements include the following: * Be of good moral character. * Meet the education requirements. * Pass the CPA exam. * Meet work experience requirements. * Pass an exam on the Board’s Rules of Professional Conduct. In order to sit for the CPA exam, the first two points mentioned above must be met by the applicant. An Application of Intent must be submitted where the...

Words: 2300 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

Management

...Midterm Exam – Summer 2011 Chapter 01 Ethical Reasoning Implications for Accounting   Multiple Choice Questions   1. Each of the following characteristics describes the importance of integrity in decision making except for:  A. Acting out of moral principle B. Being loyal to one's superior C. Having the courage to do the right thing D. Not subordinating professional judgment to others  2. The ancient Greeks thought of the virtues as characteristics of behavior that:  A. Could lead to a good life B. Make up the "six pillars of character" C. Support the rights theory D. All of the above   3. Ethical relativism can best be described as a:  A. Point of view that morality is relative to the norms of one's culture. B. Concept that holds that integrity should be maintained in the face of pressure by others. C. An ethical reasoning method that holds one should always act out of self-interest. D. An ethical reasoning method that holds one should always consider the effect of one's actions on others. 4. When is it appropriate to contact the audit committee about a difference of opinion with the CFO over an accounting or financial reporting manner?  A. If the CFO does not agree to correct the financial statements B. The CEO supports the CFO and does not agree to correct the financial statements C. The external auditors support the CEO and do not agree to correct the financial statements D. The audit committee should always be the first to be informed about...

Words: 4663 - Pages: 19

Free Essay

Ethics

... If the CFO does not agree to correct the financial statements B. The CEO supports the CFO and does not agree to correct the financial statements C. The external auditors support the CEO and do not agree to correct the financial statements D. The audit committee should always be the first to be informed about such a difference of opinion   4. An internal accountant should always take the following step after exhausting all avenues of appeal within the organization when there is a difference of opinion with top management on an accounting or financial reporting matter:  A. Inform the SEC B. Terminate employment with the entity C. Seek legal advice before taking any action D. All of the above 5. The Public Interest Principle in the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct recognizes:  A. The importance of integrity in decision making B. The primacy of stakeholder groups C....

Words: 2936 - Pages: 12

Premium Essay

Sarbanes Oxley Act

...IMPORTANT AICPA INFORMATION ON SARBANES-OXLEY |How the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Impacts the Accounting Profession (AICPA) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ...

Words: 4973 - Pages: 20

Premium Essay

Employment at Will

...Employment-At-Will Doctrine The United States of America is one of the few countries where employment is primarily at-will. All states except Montana presume such employment relationship in the U.S (2005, Ewing, North, Taylor). Most countries of the world allow employers to dismiss employee only for cause. Some of the reasons given for the retention of the at-will presumption include respect for freedom of contract, employer deference, and the belief that both employers and employees favor an at-will employment relationship over job security. At-will means that an employer can terminate an employee at any time for any reason excluding some discriminatory reasons, or for no reason without incurring legal liability. Similarly, an employee has right to leave a job at any time for any or no reason with no adverse legal consequences. Paul Karen (Karen, 2013) also states that: At-will also means that an employer can change the terms of the employment relationship with no notice and no consequences. For example, an employer can alter wages, terminate benefits, or reduce paid time off. In its unadulterated form, the U.S. at-will rule leaves employees vulnerable to arbitrary and sudden dismissal, a limited or on-call work schedule depending on the employer’s needs, and unannounced cuts in pay and benefits. The at-will presumption is a default rule that can be modified by contract. For example, a contract may provide for a specific term of employment or allow termination for cause...

Words: 1155 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

English

...MODULE B Professional Ethics LEARNING OBJECTIVES | | | | | |Review |Exercise, Problems, | | |Checkpoints |and Simulations | | | | | |Understand general ethics and a series of steps for making ethical |1, 2, 3, 4 |54 | |decisions. | | | | | | | |Reason through an ethical decision problem using the imperative, | |55, 56, 57 | |utilitarian and generalization principles of moral philosophy. | | | | | |...

Words: 11550 - Pages: 47