...Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was the shah of Iran for about from 1941 to his overthrown by the Iranian revolution on February 11, 1979. He took the title of the shah from his father who was the last shaw. Iran was a poor and uncivilized country and when Russia wanted to move forward the completely control of the country the Unites States helped to gave him back the throne and power of his country. Pahlavi wanted to Westernize his country and transformed his country in a modern Iran. The shaw had suffered a lot of criticism because many believed that the Westernization did not follow the Islam religion. Also the lower class were discontented by the unfair conditions of how the corrupted government was working toward them. Another aspect that...
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...Connecting to eduroam via Android The following instructions are intended for users who wish to connect to the eduroam service using "Android" based devices e.g. HTC Desire. 1. Browse to [Settings] on your device (Figure 1) and ensure that your Wi-Fi service is switched on. A list of available networks will be listed. 2. Select the "eduroam" network (Figure 2). You will now be prompted to enter your credentials. Select the [EAP Method] as "PEAP" and [Phase 2 Authentication] as "MSCHAPv2". Now enter your username in the [identity] field in the following format (as below), followed by your normal password and "connect" (Figure 3). Student User: Staff User: firstname.lastname@mail.bcu.ac.uk firstname.lastname@bcu.ac.uk 3. You can confirm your connection settings have been saved by going back to the list of available networks (Figure 2). Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Users of the eduroam service must abide by Birmingham City University’s Code of Conduct, and any equivalent policies at visited institutions, in addition to the Janet eduroam Policy. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure their device is password protected to secure any saved credentials stored on the machine used for accessing eduroam. This may be in the form of a passcode on a mobile apple device for example, or windows user account equivalent. If you are having trouble connecting to eduroam using these instructions please contact the Birmingham City University Service Desk on 0121 331 6543 or...
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...The history that Reza Aslan includes in his book can be related to a lot of different other religions including Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Judaism intermingling as one. Aslan includes a time table with key events starting from the birth of the Prophet Muhammad in 570 all the way to the killing of Osama bin Laden in Pakistan in 2011. In Chapter 1 and 2, Aslan explains and provides the backstory on the emergence of Islam. The creator of Islam was called Allah, coming from the word alliah, meaning “the god.” Allah’s intercessors, Allat, alUzza, and Manat were the most powerful and to whom Arabs prayed to when they were ill and needed a cure, were thirsty and needed water, or were entering into battle. In Pre-Islamic Arabia, priests were...
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...By Yasmina Reza A Teacher’s Guide Table of Contents Audience Etiquette………………………………….……………….…3 Characters……………………………………….……………………...4 Synopsis………………………………...…………………………….…4 The Source...…...……….……..………..……………………………….6 The Playwright………..………….....……………..……………………7 Glossary of Words……………..……………………………………….8 Follow-up Considerations……………………………………………10 Internet Resources……………….……………………………………12 The Alley salutes its 2001-2002 Education & Community Outreach Season Co-Sponsors: its Student Matinee Sponsor: its Production Co-Sponsors: and Large Stage Season Sponsor: 2 Audience Etiquette For many of your students, a visit to the Alley may be their first theatre experience. It may be helpful to discuss what they can expect or to have other students relay their own experiences about theatre productions they have seen. Another important point to review is the difference between live theatre and watching a movie or television. Noise Live theatre means live actors who can hear not only what is happening on the stage, but in the audience as well. While laughter and applause at appropriate times are appreciated by the actors, excessive noise and talking is not. Any sort of distracting noise—humming, sighing, chewing gum, or carrying electronic devices—is discouraged. Cell phones, chiming watches and pagers must be turned off during the performance . Applause Applause is used to acknowledge the performers and to voice appreciation or approval. Traditionally, applause comes...
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...reforming the judiciary. He believed educated and trained personnel could manage a centralized and strong government. To reach this end, he sent his son and many Iranian to Europe for training. In late 1920s, after 40 years of foreign dominant on Iran’s banking scene, Reza Shah founded Iran’s first national commercial bank (Bank Melli), amid to take over the note-issuing function of the British-owned bank (Bank Shahi). He changed the name of the country from Persia to Iran to increase unity . In 1933, the Iranian net profit of share of AIOCs increased to 20% and by 1938, the annual oil revenue reached $17 million. In 16 years, between 1925 and 1941, with his plans, Reza Shad changed Iran into an urbanized, industrial country. As a result new social classes, an industrial working class and a professional middle class...
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...The aim of this paper is to focus on the critics of the author to the changes on the education system during the revolution. This work consists of a first part which provides a historical background, with a brief description of the Revolution and an account of the changes in the education system, a second one, which presents several instances of the book where the author is critic of an aspect of the changes in the education system, and a third part where the conclusion is presented. Historical Background Description of the revolution The Iranian Revolution (also known as the Islamic Revolution of Iran or the 1979 Revolution) refers to the events involving the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty under Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, who was supported by the United States, and its eventual replacement with an Islamic Republic under the Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution, supported by various leftist and...
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...Women Before and After the Pahlavi Period In Iran Hashem Alshakhas December 11 2013 Table of Contents Section Page Introduction………………………………………………………….……………………..1 Rise of Reza and Muhammad Shah………………………………………….…….1 The first Pahlavi period- Reza Shah…...…………………………………….…….5 Modernization, unveiling and clash with the citizens…………………………5 The second Pahlavi period- Muhammad Shah…………………………..10 After The Islamic Revolution …………………………………………….14 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………..19 References…………………………………………………………………..21 Introduction It has been more than 30 years since the victorious Islamic revolution transpired and sought the citizen supported and the forceful death of the Pahlavi dynasty which was ruled, with a denied democracy, under Mohammed shah and his father, Reza shah who were both put forth by the British. Due to the controversial media’s coverage, its western influence and lack of justice, there remains a bitter taste in the mouth of feminists in regards to women’s rights under the newly born Islamic state. In this paper, I will be examining and shedding light on these issues, as well as comparing the current and past roles of women, the differences between the Islamic and Pahlavi imposed laws on these women all within the confines of the diverse domains of Iran, while taking...
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...Marjane Satrapi, who is now a teenager talks about her experience in Iran under the influence of the Iranian Revolution. It was the nineteenth century and Iran was undergoing changes under the leadership of Reza Shah to modernize and westernize Iran. However, they discovered oil and the west invaded Iran when Reza Shah said that Iran would stay neutral in WWII. After his exile, Mohammad Reza Shah took over but they just called him the Shah. It was during his reign that the prime minister of Iran nationalized the oil industry. Thus, Great Britain placed an embargo on oil exports from Iran. Consequently, the prime minister was overthrown and with support from the United States, the Shah returned to his throne only to run away again in 1979 at the height of the revolution. Since the revolution it had become mandatory for females to wear the veil. When asked about her feelings regarding the veil Marjane replied, “We didn’t really like to wear the veil, especially since we didn’t understand why we had to.” The people were forced to wear it without explanation which was why the veil wasn’t taken seriously. Following the veil was what Iran called the Cultural Revolution. This happened in 1980 and it was an act to rid Iran of capitalism and decadence. Marjane discussed that this was a time where the entire world she...
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...The Islamic Revolution 1979 Has the Islamic Revolution in Iran subjugated woman? Subjugated past participle, past tense of sub·ju·gate (Verb) |Verb: | Bring under domination or | | |control, esp. by conquest. | | |Make someone or something subordinate | | |to. | | | | The Revolution Irans capital is Tehran and on January 19, 1979 it was in a state of mayhem. Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Iran’s Shah (which means ruler or king) for four decades, fled the country during this state of revolt. Ayatollah Rebollah Khomeini worked for many years to overthrow Iran’s Shah and saw this as the perfect time to do so but he was in Paris during all of this. Regardless of where Ayatollah was at that moment, many people wanted him to overthrow the current Shah so millions of people went to the streets to cheer on his efforts. Ayatollah returned to Iran and replaced Mohammad the original Shah. He changed Iran’s secular government (separation of religion and government) to theocracy and had Islamic religious leaders called Mullahs to be the divine guidance. Woman lost what they previously gained socially They had to resort back to strict rules and regulations such as: Wearing Hijab and Chadors 1967 Family...
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...intellectuals and the religious right, and it completely changed Iranian society in addition to shaking up Middle East politics for years to come. The Pahlavi dynasty set itself up for revolution by keeping ties with western nations. Reza Shah Pahlavi came to power in the 1920s after promoting the idea of 2,500 years of Persian monarchy. Pahlavi tried to modernize Iran based on western models, focusing on industrialization. In addition, he banned political parties, suppressed revolts, formed a police force, and limited the power of the Islamic clergy (Ansari). Starting in the early 20th century, the U.S., Britain, and other European countries sought to get involved in Iran to increase western influence and to get Iranian oil (Evening Star). A wealthy Brit named William Knox D’arcy bribed members of the (then) Persian government to allow him to have 84% of the profits he made off Iranian oil. D’arcy threatened to stop drilling for oil in 1908, demanding 100% of the profits. The Persian government gave in, allowing him to become the sole owner of the oil. The British government gained complete control of Iranian oil after buying it from D’arcy and their Anglo-Persian Oil Company continued control into the Pahlavi dynasty (Kinzer). As Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi was positioning himself to assume his father’s throne, Mohammad Mossadeq was rising to power. In Iran’s brief experiment with parliamentary democracy, Mossadeq, from the Tudeh (communist) party, became prime minister and almost...
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...Europe’s relationship with Iran for much of the century leading up to 1950.”[2] In understanding Iran’s flux of identities throughout the 20th century, several notions must be clarified. Firstly, Iran is not an Arab nation nor have they adopted Arabic language or culture. Secondly, the Shi’a minority in Iran, and their lingering divergence in beliefs compared to that of the Sunnis and the West has always been an issue with respect to their distinctiveness as a nation. That being said, Iran’s inability to sustain a lasting individuality is directly related to the differing identities proposed by Iranian leaders throughout the 20th century. In the following article, I will distinguish between the secularization and modernization proposed by Reza Shah Pahlavi; the period of ambiguity in political identity and subsequent authoritarianism adopted by his son; and the role of the Islamic revolution in revitalizing religious unity. Iran was fortunate enough to...
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...Iran, a nation plagued by religion and violence, must determine a path for the 81 million citizens. The various actions led by the Carter administration ultimately led to the Iranian hostage situation. The Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, was overthrown by his people; he faced a dilemma due to his lack of support from other nations. Ayatollah Khamenei persuaded many people and took advantage of the chaotic nation; he allowed himself to become the Supreme Leader of Iran. President Carter commented on human rights, yet he failed to notice the Shah’s police agency, SAVAK, brutalizing citizens by using inhumane methods. When Jimmy Carter allowed the Shah into the US for medical treatment, it was the tipping point for the hostage crisis. The students of Iran flooded the US Embassy in Tehran; they believed the United States should not meddle in the country’s inner matters....
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...Xavier Borbor May 3, 2012 CORC 3101 The Harsh Realities of Life In Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi explores the realities of her native land. She begins the story as a intelligent young pre-teen with a promising future. As she grows older she sees how cold the world is outside of her homeland as she lives through a near self-destructing phase of her life. She is capable of catching herself in this free fall with the help and guidance of her family a little while after returning home. In the story, her country continuously is fighting from freedom all the while she’s searching for her own identity. Throughout the book there are various things going on that can alter an individual’s point of view in search of their identity. To understand clearly, I break down my research on topics concerning the government, religion, social classes, the history concerning the country and the educational requirements that need to be met in the Iranian society. My research consist of material from Marjane Satrapi’s book, Persepolis. “2500 years of tyranny and submission” as my father said. First our own emperors. Then the Arab invasion from the west. Followed by the Mongolian invasion from the east. And finally modern imperialism (Satrapi 11). In the views of her father, their country has always been fighting for freedom. Trying to escape oppression there is always a revolution on the rise as the position of power changes hands. Never the less written in a passage titled The Bicycle, Marjane Satrapi...
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...secularized nation, which Ruhollah did not agree with. Ruhollah’s political thoughts brought him to speak out on his thoughts on the Shah’s regime of pro-Western leadership, this started a rebellion of religion and political thought against the Shah that caused Ruhollah to be arrested. The arrest of Ruhollah brought him popularity and him being known as a “national hero.” He was exiled to Turkey, Iraq, and then France in 1967. Ruhollah’s outspokenness brought him devoted followers that listened to him about wanting to overthrow the Shah of Iran. The extreme political ideas of Rouhollah brought him into becoming an active political opposition. The uprise of Ruhollah Khomeini's political opposition overtime has overthrown the Shah of Iran, Muhammad Reza Shah, after two weeks when Ruhollah returned to Iran after his exile. As Ruhollah Khomeini’s power took over Iran he became Iran’s founder and dictator of the Islamic Republic of Iran.Ruhollah was given the title of “Ayatollah” which is given as a high title to a leader. Ruhollah made Iran the first Islamic Republic. It was declared when Ruhollah took over the Shah that Ruhollah will become Iran’s political and religious leader for life. Ruhollah started a revolution in Iran to diminish anyone or anything standing in the way of Iran becoming the Islamic Republic. The breakout of the revolution had 4 phases to make the Islam above anyone and thing stopping Iran from becoming a powerful Islamic nation. Ruhollah’s power over Iran and his followers...
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