...essence of their lived experience. The study indicates a strong sense of essential positivism from the participants’ stories, and overall, it seems PD has brought some degree of biological, psychological, socially, and/or spiritual meaning to their lives that they may not have otherwise noticed or experienced. Key Words: Parkinson’s Disease, Phenomenology, Biopsychosocial-spiritual, Adult, Children and Illness Introduction “The bond between mother and child is so deeply rooted in our emotions that we fear to discuss openly anything that threatens the bond” – Glenna Atwood (1991) Establishing links between chronic illnesses and family impact are not novel (e.g., Cooke, McNally, Mulligan, Harrison, & Newman, 2001; Kielcolt-Glaser & Newton, 2001, Martire, Lustig, Schultz, Miller, & Helgeson, 2004). However, much of the attention to study inclusion of a family caregiver into the care experience has focused on the spouse (Keefe, Buffington, Studts, & Rumble, 2002) or children under the age of 25 (e.g., Olsen & Clarke, 2003; Pakenham, Bursnall, Chiu, Cannon, &...
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...Evaluating Client Profile 4: Using Family Systems Approach Strengths Family systems approach can be used in solving family problems. This approach is suitable for family communication issues and or marital stress problems (Corey, 2013). It integrates and respects everyone in a family. The biggest strength of systemic perspective is the diverse perspective to work with multicultural groups as they place great value on extended family (p. 451). Limitations Corey (2013) finds it difficult to be clear about any limitations to this approach from a diversity perspective. This approach embraces family dynamics essential to multicultural perspective. As much as this approach tends to advocate for individualism rather than collectivism, a therapist could still put a model together to cater for Lois and her family. Non-Western cultures are known for family and togetherness (p.452). Because Lois is from Hispanic background it does not necessarily mean she and her husband share the same ethnicity. It might require the therapist to consider accommodating certain cultural norms and differences. There is also a probability that Lois may be several generations a North American resident living in a white society which could mean a therapist has to understand if she holds deep values of her cultural beliefs. It is common for children of ethnic-minority to adapt to Western concept of incongruence. Cultural/Gender/Age Issues Lois is of Hispanic background and a Catholic which may have an...
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...Lorella Croswell 21 March 2013 Discrimination Continues To Harm the Mentally Ill; Throughout the World In recent years, the American led globalization of mental health has increased the interest of public health officials and psychiatrists throughout the world. The Cultural and social values, and attitudes of a particular society influence the beliefs that people have about mental illness. The knowledge about mental illness has spread globally, and it has begun to break down some of the barriers between cultures and countries. There has been a substantial increase in research on the stigma related to mental illness; however, the stigmatization of people with mental illness continues to cause discrimination. Stigma, myths and misconceptions lead to discrimination. In addition to the many aspects of discrimination that have been discussed it is important to know that the mentally ill in our society often lose their ability to make decisions. The stigmatizing beliefs concerning mental illness have given the public and lawmakers an opportunity to control the mentally ill. Due to discrimination, the mentally ill have blatantly suffered many human rights violations. Society can improve this situation by continuing their education effort and enforcing legislation in order to help the mentally ill feel more accepted by society. Globalization has increased the communication and interaction of people between countries and cultures; specifically, it has influenced the exchange...
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...Marriage and Family Therapist John Doe University of Southern Mississippi Upon entering into college I never really knew what I wanted to major in. I have always felt the desire to help people. I was fortunate enough to be able to work with troubled teens in a Psychiatric facility, and that experience influenced my decision to major in psychology. One of my major concerns was trying to figure out what I really wanted to do with a Psychology degree, and once decided if I would have to enroll into graduate school to further my education. With that being said, would I have the appropriate grade point average or could I pass the Graduate Record Examination in order to get into graduate school? The career that I decided to research is the Marriage and family therapist. Marriage and family therapist (LMFT) diagnose and treat mental and emotional disorders, whether cognitive, affective, or behavioral, within the context of marriage and family systems (A Comparative Analysis, 2008). A Comparative Analysis found that LMFT apply psychotherapeutic and family systems theories and techniques in the delivery of professional services to individuals, couples, and families for the purpose of treating such diagnosed nervous and mental disorders (2008). Therapy usually consists of talk sessions, asting about an hour. Using techniques learned in classrooms and in fieldwork, counselors guide their clients through a series of conversations that reveal their...
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...TEAMS TRAINING IN PROGRAMS TEAMS TRAINING IN PROGRAMS SP2750 TEAMS TRAINING IN PROGRAM One of the best way of training a team is co-therapy because there are several ways that you can do this training. One ways is to have the person in charge give support by getting involved in the activity within the group or you cannot give support and observe what is going on and give feedback. Two or one therapist can be used two would be much better so one won’t have to do all the work. Co-therapy is the team they provide an opportunity for prevention of burnouts. I think all of this methods use is all about support and having a backup plan in case one thing goes wrong. The step needed to build a productive team is make sure everybody is on the same page and have the same goals and believing in one another. Communicate with one another and let everybody know what you will do in the group two-way communication is needed. Make sure everybody in the group has something to do in the group. Talk about everybody power they have on each of the group member’s power exists in relationships not in individual’s power could be anything. When you’re done with all that you will need to make a decision as a group. Test your team skills by disagreeing and listening to everybody thoughts. The last thing...
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...Ethical Vignette Paper Rashanda Joe Liberty University Abstract This paper presents a summary of the Counseling in Therapy video. In the video the actors discuss real life cases where the Supreme Court Judge had to rule on topics such as: exceptions to confidentiality, privilege, reporting, and the duty to warn. This writer will also discuss her finding s about the statures and laws as they pertain to North Carolina and give a summary of each. Finally the writer will discuss her reflection and how she could put these to action in her counseling career. Summary The video presentation was very interesting. It allowed actors to discuss real cases to give a better understanding about Confidentiality, Privilege, Reporting, and the Duty to Warn. It gave a clear picture of how these things, though they may sound similar are quite different in many ways. The first case was about a young boy was taken to the hospital by his foster parents. He was unconscious with bruises down the spine of his back and a bruise under his eye. When the nurse questioned her about it she stated that it was from being jostled in his car seat. The nurse did not make any note of that observation nor did she call CPS to report possible abuse as she believed what she was told by the foster mother. Dominic was then brought back to the hospital four days later suffering from head trauma and then died. Nurse Brown was being charged with a crime for failure to report the abuse. It is noted...
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... Structural Therapy was first recognized by Salvador Minuchin in the structural school of counseling back in 1974. Minuchin observed that families developed patterns within the family that resulted in structure. Each family operates with transactional patterns that represent a system. Structure is a mutual agreements made between people until someone decides that they want to go in another direction. Families have a process of verbal and nonverbal communication that amongst family members makes it easy to understand. The goal of structural therapy is to transform dysfunctional family structures by creating imbalance. The attempt is done by the therapist to influence the family into positive change. Ultimately, the goal for the family is to focus on having change to better balance. Family-Directed Structural Therapy (FDST) is an approach to family therapy built upon traditional concepts of Structural Family Therapy, the strengths model, and group work therapy. This therapy is focused on a multicultural population in the Midwest being researched the last 12 years. The diversity that the Midwest had was one of the better options for observation having the different cultures. Sessions are set and timed as the initial assessment generally requires one 90 minute session and then seven to nine sessions with a therapist. Therapist assists the family in incorporating the process and vocabulary of FDST into their everyday lives. Within the sessions the families take they must...
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...early intervention and juvenile delinquency prevention. The role of an educational intervention and child, family, peer and school level prediction on court reported juvenile delinquency. This paper will discuss the importance of early intervention and schooling factors in reducing delinquency and highlights the benefits of early intervention as one mechanism for delinquency prevention. Child parent centered preschools programs found long term benefits of an early childhood educational intervention on court reported measures of juvenile delinquency. The current strongest family factor associated with delinquency was child abuse and neglect between ages four and eleven. Child maltreatment was associated with juvenile delinquency; other family factors such as parental involvement in schools were not significantly associated with any delinquency outcome. Child maltreatment was associated with both delinquency and drug arrest. It incorporates the system approach because it shows that all systems are linked to juvenile delinquency whether it is good or bad. The family system plays the biggest role as well as the environment. The children have to have a positive relationship between all of the systems for them not to have a predicator that can cause delinquency. The three conclusions that that are in this article are that the child has to have a good home and family life has to have preschool education, and school and parent collaboration. The parents must be involved because...
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...Family Counseling Approach: Structural Model Jennifer Tankard Liberty University Abstract Structural family therapist takes an approach to therapy that seeks to help the entire family rather than looking at the family member that has a presenting problem. Healthy families have a healthy balance within the family subset when clearly defined roles are present. Structural family therapy was developed by Salvador Minuchin and a team of researchers from New York. The techniques of the theory are centered on creating a healthy relationship among family members. Structural family therapist looks at creating a healthy partnership with each member of the family to help the family find a solution to their problem. Structural family therapy can be integrated with a biblical worldview. Counseling from a Christian perspective will help families understand God’s design for the family, and understand the role of each member as stated in scripture. Christian counselors using an integrative approach to structural therapy will be able to help families see the biblical roles that God has set for the husband/father, wife/mother and the children/siblings to develop a functional family. Keywords: Theory, intervention, psychosomatic, integration, structural therapy, dysfunction, family. Part I Introduction Everyone has a family. Each family is different in how the system functions. A family is defined in many different ways. Some consist of the traditional definition of father, mother...
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...and psychological issues. Oftentimes, these families are involved in the child welfare system, due to the negative violence and discord in the households, which places children at risk. This population is of great interest, as that studies have shown adolescents who witness domestic violence are vulnerable and do not have the capacity to understand nor cope with the trauma. According to Osofsky (2003), adolescents experience intense stresses that include fear of death and fear of loss of their parent. The negative effects result from children having to integrate the experience of violence and child welfare involvement, while living in a stressful environment. As a future clinician, I would like to utilize different therapy methods and specific strategies in treating these individuals. Integrated review of literature Children who have been involved in the child welfare system have experienced or witnessed some form of abuse or neglect, which causes them to have behaviour, emotional and psychological issues. Some of their behaviors, which are moderate to severe include: hitting, pushing, kicking and threatening others. Moylan, Herrenkohl, Sousa, Tajima, Herrenkohl, & Russo (2009) suggest many children who witness domestic violence have also directly experienced child abuse and experience a wide range of adverse behavioral and psychosocial outcomes. In the overview of literature the authors gives a culmination of families types, cultural styles, and the issues these...
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...Introduction Every family has ups and down most of the time they are not even aware of them. And most of the time they are aware of their problems. Not every family looks at themselves as a system; a system is not a direct determination that a typical family would consider themselves because they just live life one day at a time. To be able to understand the system within ones family the family must first understand themselves and once that has been established them the family will then start to understand their individual system. A system within a family hold balance respect here understanding of on another. A family system also allows for the family to communicate when there are problem among them that would not be normal addressed. Annotated bibliography This article explains how incest is considered abuse. "Incest, as both sexual abuse and abuse of power, is violence that does not require force...It is abuse because it does not take into consideration the needs or wishes of the child, rather meeting the needs of the `caretaker' at the child's expense...incest can be seen as the imposition of sexually inappropriate acts, or acts with sexual overtones, by - or any use of a minor child to meet the sexual or sexual/emotional needs of one or more persons who derive authority through ongoing emotional bonding with that child." (Blume, 1990, p. 4) http://www.clinicalsocialwork.com/systems.html This article explains what a family system is. A family is a system in...
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...Settings and Specialties: practice is mostly home based family therapy due to the serious physical conditions of the clients. She has worked with cases with Muscular Dystrophy, Quadriplegia, and diabetes in children. The therapy is concentrated on way to adjust to their condition and implement ways they would feel comfortable with to socialize more and feel motivated to leave the house (frustration, at times, with wheelchair, looks from other people in society, etc). For cases with Diabetes, the struggle is to have the teenager understand and protect himself or herself by not eating the foods their friends have at parties, outings, etc. She also works with the families on how to educate the schools (child's teachers) about the illness and how the school could embrace the child and create an atmosphere where the child feels more comfortable socially and the other students are not intimidated by child's wheelchair and/or presence of personal assistant or nurse. Ronit also, spent 7 years practicing in the foster home/adoption field. She worked with prospective adoptive parents during the time they meet the child they decide to adopt from the foster care system. She utilizes a brief systemic model of therapy. In her approach, the client is the expert and we work with the strengths and resources the client already possesses. In this approach (solution-focused therapy is one model of systemic therapy she uses), she and her client’s look at what has worked in the past and what was...
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...are, these are just some of the questions that help us discover ourselves. I have spent a great deal of time and effort understanding who I am and what goes into that. As well as how the situations and people around me have made impressions on my life. Then beginning to dealing with the issues that have come up because of these things. At the end of the day, I believe a few things to be true: relationships mold our existence, our spiritual lives affect us, and a holistic view and self-awareness are keys to growth. As I have traced the steps of several theories, one sticks out as primary to who I am – Existential-Humanistic Theory. Taking the essence of this theory and combining it with aspects of Developmental Counseling Theory and Family Therapy, I hope to have a comprehensive fit to my personality as a budding counselor. Adaptable and Practical Being highly spiritual makes Existential-Humanistic Theory appealing to me. Their views of finding meaning in life coincides with my personal belief that we all have a need to be accepted, loved and have a purpose. Some key components of Existential-Humanistic include (Ivey et al., 2007): - Being in the world our task is to understand the meaning of this and where it’s derived from. - We discover who we are through our...
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...Family Health Nursing and a Healthy Environment Family health nursing provides the “conceptual foundations of family nursing across the life span” (Garwick, 2002, p. 284). “The Family Health Nurse (FHN) concept was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Europe in order to provide a means to strengthen family and community-oriented health services” (West and Macduff, 2006). WHO defines family health nursing as presenting a “key contribution within a multi-disciplinary team of health care professionals in the attainment of the 21 health targets” produced by the World Health Organization 21-policy outline. Family systems frequently change as the members of a family adapt to the stress that is inherent to illness and/or injury. Families adapt to the stress, making use of family resources and capabilities, but they often need help in making these adjustments (Servonsky and Gibbons, 2005). In aiding families, nurses employ care that is culturally competent care that uncovers a family’s personal story that reveals both the strengths and the deficits of a family, illuminating where they require assistance within a specific health care system (Servonsky and Gibbons, 2005). Denham (2003) points out that a great deal of nursing concentrates on the individual. However, it is the family and the home that should garner more attention from healthcare professionals because it is within the home "where health is learned, lived, and experienced),” as well as being the "niche...
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...PCN 511- Introduction to Chemical Dependency Group Therapy Comparison 11 April 2012 Dr. Stephanie White Introduction Chemical dependency represents a unique challenge for therapists in providing treatment. Although various models for treatment have been applied to this group, discerning what works requires a more extensive review of what has been noted regarding treatments and outcomes. Using this as a foundation for investigation, the current research examines individual and group therapy interventions for patients struggling with chemical dependency. Through a careful examination of what has been noted regarding both types of interventions it will be possible to make some recommendations for providing therapy to this treatment group. Group and Individual Therapy for Chemical Dependency A review of interventions provided for individuals struggling with chemical dependency indicates that a majority of interventions for this group are delivered in a group setting. For instance, McKay and Hiller-Sturmhofel (2011) assert that the Minnesota Model (12-step program) is commonly used in addictions counseling and treatment and involves a group environment. According to these authors, 12-step programs along with self-help groups typically form the foundation for outpatient counseling and care that is provided to individuals diagnosed with substance use disorders (SUDs). Although outpatient treatment for patients with chemical...
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