...Name: Cang Le WP4 Complete Draft English 161 Scott McFarland What would one do if he/she was driving down a foggy mountain road without being aware there's a dangerous cliff ahead? The difference between knowing and not knowing is literally life and death. By asking this rhetorical question, Natasha Lamb and Bob Litterman were able to use this as a metaphor of what would happen if we continue burning fossil fuels. At some points, we will face a "dangerous cliff"- one would call it a tipping point- where an irreversible catastrophic impact will happen. By leaving out the risks and potential environmental damages involved in their carbon asset risk reports to the public and shareholders, ExxonMobil has made it much more difficult for us to estimate how far ahead of us is "the cliff", so one would slowly hit the brake. Corporations and their marketing departments are very experienced at getting inside the minds of consumers and use that as an advantage to increase profits. Imagine the world's biggest and most powerful oil company launching its new TV ad promoting natural gas development and its name brand by claiming "natural gas is one of the world's cleanest fuels"(Brand Republic). The ad definitely seems to be convincing and valid, thus, luring consumers into choosing natural gas instead of other energy alternatives. Many adults are more inclined to buy eco-friendly product even if they would pay more for them .That’s the reaction ExxonMobil seeks: the thoughts of doing...
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...BP Deepwater Horizon Accident Part 1(week 4) A Study of Strategic Implications of the Recent BP Deepwater Horizon Accident Date: Submitted by: Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed Student ID Number: H00032634 Chapter 1 Introduction History of British Petroleum (BP) Company British Petroleum is one of the oldest companies in the oil industry. According to BP Global (2010b), the company was founded in the year 1909 in the UK under the name Anglo-Persian Company. Later, in the year 1954, the company changed its name to British Petroleum (BP). Being in the gas and oil industry, BP conducts various operations including exploration and refining of oil among others. According to BP Global (2010), Bp is the largest energy company globally with presence in over 100 countries. Overview of the Deepwater Horizon Accident In the year 2010, BP experienced a Deepwater Horizon oil spill disaster which involved gas release and subsequent explosion in the Gulf of Mexico. According to Webb (2010), the fire lasted for 36 hours and this was followed by leaking of hydrocarbon into the Gulf for eighty-seven days. BP admitted responsibility explaining that the accident occurred following loss of control related to pressure within the well blowouts in which a special type of is designed to keep constant pressure. Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon accident This tragedy impacted immensely on various BP stakeholders i.e. local communities, global customers...
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...Deepwater Horizon Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill: What Went Wrong Elizabeth D. Jones Southern New Hampshire University Student: 0811981 Abstract On April 20th 2010 the Deepwater Horizon rig, operated by BP, exploded unleashing millions of barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico resulting in the largest marine oil spill in history. What makes this spill so significant is the fact that the spill continued unabated for three months causing the declaration of a state of emergency across several states (Bozeman, 2011). The purpose of this study is to highlight the significant issues of management and leadership within BP and point out how the poor decisions surrounding the spill deeply hindered their corporate reputation. Additionally, the paper will offer ways in which BP and those involved could have possibly prevented this disaster or have better mitigated the impact had the catastrophe still occurred. Managing risks, monitoring safety, effective communication and ownership of faults are all solutions that if implemented can help BP restore their reputation and prevent misfortunes like this from happening in the future. BP’s Deepwater Horizon Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill: What Went Wrong British Petroleum (BP), In the early evening of April 20th, 2010 uncontrolled hydrocarbons escaped causing an explosion on the oil-drilling platform Deepwater Horizon resulting in one of the worst environmental disasters in world history. Within 36 hours the massive oil rig, approximately 300 by...
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... Abstract On the 20th of April 2010, an outstanding explosion of the BP Deepwater Horizon oil rig situated in the Golf of Mexico caused the largest maritime disaster oil spill in the USA history and particularly caused considerable reputation and financial losses to BP.To deal with the spill oil as well as reputation and financial losses, the company particularly use many tactics and tools to communicate with stakeholders during and after the crisis. However, crisis management and communication experts’ opinions differed on whether BP crisis communication was effective or ineffective.This paper aims to assess BP crisis communication and mainly to point out possible failures through a content analysis of secondary data collected from various sources (newspapers, magazines, annual reports and blogs). Keywords: British Petroleum, Crisis communication, Crisis Management, Deepwater horizon. Introduction On the 20th of April 2010, the petroleum industry has been marked by the largest maritime disaster oil spill in its history known as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. This accident was caused by an outstanding explosion and has resulted in the killing of eleven people. Five months after the explosion and until the announcement of the completion of sealing of the oil well, some 780 million gallons of crude leaked into the sea, causing the most considerable damages in the USA from an oil disaster,...
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...A Preface of Quotations Whoever desires for his writings or himself, what none can reasonably condemn,the favor of mankind, must add grace to strength, and make his thoughts agreeable as well as useful. Many complain of neglect who never tried to attract regard. It cannot be expected that the patrons of science or virtue should be solicitous to discover excellencies which they who possess them shade and disguise. Few have abilities so much needed by the rest of the world as to be caressed on their own terms; and he that will not condescend to recommend himself by external embellishments must submit to the fate of just sentiments meanly expressed, and be ridiculed and forgotten before he is understood. --Samuel Johnson Men must be taught as if you taught them not; And things unknown propos'd as things forgot. --Alexander Pope Style in painting is the same as in writing, a power over materials, whether words or colors, by which conceptions or sentiments are conveyed. --Sir Joshua Reynolds Whereas, if after some preparatory grounds of speech by their certain forms got into memory, they were led to the praxis thereof in some chosen short book lessoned thoroughly to them, they might then forthwith proceed to learn the substance of good things, and arts in due order, which would bring the whole language quickly into their power. --John Milton Introduction Good writing depends upon more than making a collection of statements worthy of belief, because writing is intended to...
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...perceived to be buying favors. In the United States, Shell Oil Company administers a political action committee (Shell Oil Company Employees’ Political Awareness Committee). It is a voluntary, employee-run and employee funded organization, that contributes money to political parties or individual candidates for political office, or organizations that support them. While Shell Oil Company provides administrative support to the Committee, it does not fund the Committee’s donations nor does it make any political contributions itself. We are calling for change, sharing our expertise and co-operating with governments, companies and other partners. Our Business Principles encourage us to contribute to debates on policy issues that affect our business, our employees or the local communities where we operate. Our advocacy Climate change is one of the biggest challenges we face. We will continue to work with governments to help them set the policy frameworks to create market-based incentives – such as an effective cap-and-trade market for CO2 – that will contribute towards improving energy efficiency and support lower-carbon energy, including carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. We advise governments to use different policy instruments for different sectors. For heavy industry and the power sector we advocate an emissions trading systems combined with incentives for the rapid demonstration and deployment of new low-carbon technologies. Transport needs stringent vehicle...
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...Module 1 - The Accoutant As Strategic Business Adviser The Need For Advice 1.4 (9 issues small business entrepreneurs seek advice about - business structure, IP, liability, regulation, contracts, etc) 1.4 (Malach, Robinson & Radcliff 2006) 1.4 (business efficiency & productivity, management information systems, risk management & internal controls) 1.5 (strategic level - selecting appropriate growth strategies, identifying new products and markets, etc) 1.5 (the need for advice variety of reasons - consider the demand for advice arises) 1.5 (Xiao & Fu 2009) 1.5 Table 1.1 - Characteristics Of Different Sized Organisations 1.6 (SE MSE LE - organisation, strategy, customer/community, financial, governance, work force, IT processes) 1.6 Requests For Advice: Operational - Srategic - Global 1.7 (improving operational performance, greater strategic role, globally relevant issues) 1.7 Example 1.1: A Busniess Dilemma 1.7 Counterpoint (opposing arguement, soft skills, first: make the right decision about the services they perform - second:) 1.7 Providing And Implementing Advice (technical skills, soft skills) 1.8 Figure 1.1 - Providing Business Advisory Services 1.8 (issue, requirement, request, investigation, advice, decision, implementation) 1.8 (recommend actions should be well supported, identify key stakeholders) 1.9 Figure 1.2 - The Chain Of Events For Business Advisory Services) 1.9 Example 1.2: Succession Plan - Please Help 1.9 ...
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...Introduction The business as per the generally acceptable notion is a profit making entity and takes into account function of monetary transactions as the criteria measure for the success of its operational activities. Corporate social responsibility in the past is considered as unwanted activities which are imposed on business by law and governing bodies as unnecessary burden which is against the basic principle of profit making for the business organizations. Business organizations have been considered as bodies that meet the demand of the consumers by supplying their goods and services, and have the responsibility for generating wealth and employment opportunities. (Mette Morsing & Carmen Thyssen, 2003) In recent times after the increase in concern about the ecological imbalances and the impact of business on the environment, this above view is however changing and more and more entities are taking corporate social responsibility activities and few of them are also able to align their business goals in order to generate profits. The modern business also debates over the business responsibility towards the Shareholder’s and owners versus Stakeholders (employees, consumers, suppliers and shareholders) in the present day scenario. After taking the consideration of responsibility towards stakeholders, businesses are coming closer to the society and are altering the function of business organizations taking into considerations the business’ wider role. The wider role define...
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...The Australasian Accounting Business & Finance Journal, February 2007 Gaffikin: Accounting Research and Theory: the age of neo-empiricism. Vol. 1, No.1.pp. 1-19. Accounting Research and Theory: The age of neo-empiricism Michael Gaffikin, School of Accounting & Finance, University of Wollongong ABSTRACT The theorising in accounting prior to 1970 was rejected as not providing sufficiently general theories. Informed by theories in economics and finance (and other disciplines such as psychology) and with the aid of computers, attempts to theorise accounting took a new direction. Large data collection and analysis emphasized a purportedly more systematic empirical approach to developing theory. Key words: accounting; neo-empiricism; capital markets research; behavioural finance; efficient markets hypothesis; positive accounting theory INTRODUCTION Around 1970 there was a dramatic change in the approach to accounting research. Several reasons have been suggested for this change in methodological direction by those reviewing the development of accounting thought. To many, a major distinction is a change in direction away from attempts to prescribe a theory of accounting to developing theory from a description of extant practices. To advocates of the latter, previous attempts to develop a theory of accounting were futile as there could never be agreement over many of the inputs into a theory such as the postulates, principles but most specifically the assumptions. Although a...
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...1987, the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development, which had convened to address the global ecological crisis, produced Our Common Future (the Brundtland Report). This watershed event established the conceptual underpinnings for environmental politics and debate in the 1990s by reframing the problem of the natural environment as one of sustainable development. In the wake of this reframing, a new practice in environmental management emerged - that of green alliances or partnerships between business and ecology groups (Westley & Vredenburg, 1991, pp. 71-72). These alliances, considered one of the ten most significant trends in environmental management and the greening of industry (Gladwin, 1993, p. 46), appeared to signal a sea change in the way business, as well as environmentalists, could respond to the ecological impacts of firms' economic activities. Indeed, environmental partnerships offered both business and ecology groups the potential for a new rhetorical stance. Business communication scholarship has identified a variety of rhetorical strategies adopted by corporations in the face of environmental controversy: defensiveness and apologia (e.g., Ice, 1991; Tyler, 1992), competing information campaigns (e.g., Lange, 1993; Moore, 1993), or retreat (e.g., Seiter, 1995). Green alliances provide business with an alternative to these strategies. Through eco-partnership, a firm can adopt, at both material and symbolic levels, a proactive approach toward the...
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...Teaching Critical Thinking with Electronic Discussion Steven A. Greenlaw and Stephen B. DeLoach Abstract: One of the products of a liberal undergraduate education is the ability to think critically. In practice, critical thinking is a skill that economics students are supposed to master as they complete their studies. However, exactly what critical thinking means is generally not well defined. Building on the literature on critical thinking, the authors examine how electronic discussion can be used effectively to teach this skill. Because of the multiplicity of views expressed, the asynchronous nature of the technology, and the inherent positive spillovers that are created, electronic discussion appears to provide a natural framework for teaching critical thinking. Key words: class discussion, critical thinking, distance learning, electronic discussion JEL code; A2 One of the products of a liberal undergraduate education is the ability to think critically. This should be particularly true for economics students who. after all, are ostensibly taught the discipline's version of critical thinking—the economic way of thinking. It is ironic then, that relatively little has been published on effective strategies for teaching critical thinking in economics.' This is not an original criticism. In his seminal article on research in pedagogy, Fels (1969) identified critical thinking as an area ripe for teaching and exploration by economists, Fels's critique, "rarely is a concerted effort...
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...Leif Linnskog 03.06.2008 Economic Development through Globalisation in Nigeria An analysis of Shell & the IMF Structural Adjustment Programs Sven Bokhari 820619-P291 Fabrizio Del Duca 791225-P114 Group number: 1983 Summary Date: Level: Authors: 2008/06/03 Master thesis in International Business and Entrepreneurship, 10p (15ECTS) Sven Bokhari Västerås Date of birth: 19820619 Fabrizio Del Duca Västerås Date of birth: 19791225 Title: Economic Development through globalisation in Nigeria. An analysis of Shell & the IMF Structural Adjustment Programs Leif Linnskog, Ph.D. Tutor: Research Question: Can globalisation be seen as positive or negative for the Economic Development of Nigeria? A focus on Shell and the International Monetary Fund Research Issue: Globalisation in its current form is viewed in the Western world as a positive influence for the Economic Development of under developed countries. However these views on the benefits brought to developing countries have been frequently disputed. The research we are undertaking is a pilot study based on documentary research. Our source of information is secondary data such as books, articles, newspapers and journals. The study employs a qualitative approach. Even though globalisation is often viewed as positive we have discovered that this is not always the case in relation to its effects in Nigeria. Judging from our analysis, globalisation through the IMF and Shell has had an overall negative impact on Economic...
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...Quarter 2 (7th)‐ “Melting Pot” and “How I Learned English” Stage 1 – Desired Results Standards LRA 3.2 (Fall EOC) Identify events that advance the plot, and determine how each event explains past or present actions or foreshadows future actions. ARG LRA 3.4 (Fall EOC) Identify and analyze recurring themes across works (e.g. the value of bravery, loyalty, and friendships; the effects of loneliness). ARG V1.1 (Fall EOC) Identify idioms, analogies, metaphors, and similes in prose and poetry. V 1.3 (Fall EOC) Clarify word meanings through the use of definition, example, restatement or contrast. WA 2.5‐ (STAR) Write summaries of reading materials. SUM WA 2.2 (On Demand/ STAR) Write Responses to Literature. ARG WS 1.2 (On Demand) Support all statements and claims with anecdotes, descriptions, facts and statistics, and give examples. REF WS 1.3 Use strategies of note‐taking, outlining and summarizing to impose structure on composition drafts. AN, SUM, REF WS 1.4 (Fall EOC) Identify topics and evaluate questions and develop ideas leading to inquiry, investigation, and research. AN, ARG WS 1.7 (On Demand, Fall EOC) Revise writing to improve organization and word choice after checking the logic of ideas and the precision of vocabulary. ALANG WOC 1.4 (On Demand) Demonstrate the mechanics of writing (e.g. quotation marks, commas at the end of dependent clauses) and appropriate English usage (e.g. pronoun reference). ALANG Big Ideas & Understanding(s): ...
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...Analysis. The author of this text is Jerome K. Jerome. He is a popular English writer. The most famous works are Three Men in a Boat, The Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow, Novel Notes and Three Men on the Bummel which belong to the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century. He is famous for his art of story-telling and his humour which is based on misunderstanding. He is good at revealing the weak sides of human nature. This extract is about three men who decided to cook an Irish stew. They began cooking from peeling the potatoes. They threw another products which they wished to get rid of and mixed all carefully. At the end Montmorency bought fresh caught water-rat. After some discussions these three men decided to try something new and added the rat. Eventually, they were very happy by their cook masterpiece. By this text the author wanted to tell us that it had better to try something new than to be indifferent and do everything as usual. People ought to develop in this case world progress would go ahead. Jerome presents his story as 1st-person narration with descriptive passages. This extract may be divided into the following parts. The first one is a description of Sonning. The second is decision of cooking an Irish stew. The third is Montmorency’s contribution to the dinner. The last one is about great success of Irish stew. This text is written with the cheerful, humorous, emotional and optimistic prevailing mod. The...
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...www.ccsenet.org/res Review of European Studies Vol. 4, No. 3; July 2012 Europe and the Middle East: From Imperialism to Liberal Peace? Raymond Hinnebusch1 1 School of International Relations, University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK Correspondence: Raymond Hinnebusch, School of International Relations, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9AX, Scotland, UK. Tel: 44-1334-462-861. E-mail: rh10@st-andrews.ac.uk Received: November 24, 2011 Accepted: April 26, 2012 Online Published: July 1, 2012 doi:10.5539/res.v4n3p18 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v4n3p18 Abstract Europe’s relation with the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is discussed in the context of normative (International Society) and materialist approaches (World System’s Theory). First, European imperialism’s export of a flawed Westphalian state system is summarized. How Europe is “caught” between MENA and the US and co-opted into a division of labour toward the region is then surveyed. The gap between the normative rhetoric and actual inequitable outcomes and structures constructed under the Euro-Mediterranean partnership is examined, looking at the three “baskets” of economic developmental, political reform and cultural convergence. Four “hard cases,” EU policies toward Palestine, Iran, Syria and Turkey, illustrate the ambiguities of the EU’s approach to MENA. MENA public opinion’s ambivalence toward Europe reflects these realities. The conclusion is that the EU’sMENA policy...
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