...be heavily punished. In fact, not only law yet every religion prohibit this kind of conduct, but still infanticide seems as just another crime in this globalization era. This paper aims to discuss about the law enforcement in reducing the number of infanticide in Malaysia. This paper analyses the provision of Section 318 of the Penal Code whether this Act is sufficient to punish the wrongdoer and any other solutions towards this cases. Besides, the role of Malaysia government in the enforcement of law and also how the authorities acts towards solving the cases of infanticide in Malaysia. Hence, the paper also analyses about the effects of law to the wrongdoers and given suggestions for further impacts, including Islamic viewpoints. 1. INTRODUCTION Infanticide can be defined as when any women by any willful act or omission causes the death of her newly-born child, but at the time of the act or omission she had not fully recovered from the effect of giving birth to such child, and by reason thereof the balance of her mind was then disturbed, she shall, notwithstanding that the circumstances were such that but for this section the offense would have amounted to murder, be guilty of the offence of infanticide (Section 309A, Penal Code Act 574). There are innocent babies that had been dumped every single week, according to the headquarters of Royal Malaysian Police (PDRM) by state...
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...include current information on rapidly developing topics, such as HIV and AIDS (vaccine efforts and all the new anti-HIV medications), Ebola virus, Hantavirus, E. coli outbreaks, Mad Cow Disease, and brand-new antimicrobial antibiotics. The mnemonics and cartoons in this book do not intend disrespect for any particular patient population or racial or ethnic group but are solely presented as memory devices to assist in the learning of a complex and important medical subject. We welcome suggestions for future editions. 1) Write in a conversational style for rapid assimilation. 2) Include numerous figures serving as "visual memory tools" and summary charts at the end of each chapter. These can be used for "cram sessions" after the concepts have been studied in the text. 3) Concentrate more on clinical and infectious disease issues that are both interesting and vital to the actual practice of medicine. MARK GLADWIN, MD BILL TRATTLER, MD D CONTENTS Preface v PART 1 1 2 3 BACTERIAL TAXONOMY CELL STRUCTURES, VIRULENCE FACTORS, and TOXINS...
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...6 Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food Muscles in action. Sprinters, like all athletes, depend on cellular respiration to power their muscles. CHAPTER CONTENTS Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in the Biosphere 92 Cellular Respiration: Aerobic Harvest of Food Energy 94 Fermentation: Anaerobic Harvest of Food Energy 101 CHAPTER THREAD Aerobic versus Anaerobic Lifestyles BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY Marathoners versus Sprinters THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE What Causes Muscle Burn? EVOLUTION CONNECTION Life before and after Oxygen 91 102 103 Aerobic versus Anaerobic Lifestyles BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY Marathoners versus Sprinters Track-and-field athletes usually have a favorite event in which they excel. Some runners specialize in sprints of 100 or 200 meters. Others excel at longer races of 1,500, 5,000, or even 10,000 m. It is unusual to find a runner who competes equally well in both 100-m and 10,000-m races; most runners are more comfortable running races of particular lengths. It turns out that there is a biological basis for such preferences. The muscles that move our legs contain two main types of muscle fibers: slow-twitch and fast-twitch. Slow-twitch muscle fibers can contract many times over a longer period but don’t generate a lot of quick power for the body. They perform better in endurance exercises requiring slow, steady muscle activity, such as marathons. Fast-twitch muscle fibers can contract more quickly and powerfully than slow-twitch fibers but also...
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...PYF12 3/21/05 8:04 PM Page 191 Chapter 12 Gene expression and regulation Bacterial genomes usually contain several thousand different genes. Some of the gene products are required by the cell under all growth conditions and are called housekeeping genes. These include the genes that encode such proteins as DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, and DNA gyrase. Many other gene products are required under specific growth conditions. These include enzymes that synthesize amino acids, break down specific sugars, or respond to a specific environmental condition such as DNA damage. Housekeeping genes must be expressed at some level all of the time. Frequently, as the cell grows faster, more of the housekeeping gene products are needed. Even under very slow growth, some of each housekeeping gene product is made. The gene products required for specific growth conditions are not needed all of the time. These genes are frequently expressed at extremely low levels, or not expressed at all when they are not needed and yet made when they are needed. This chapter will examine gene regulation or how bacteria regulate the expression of their genes so that the genes that are being expressed meet the needs of the cell for a specific growth condition. Gene regulation can occur at three possible places in the production of an active gene product. First, the transcription of the gene can be regulated. This is known as transcriptional regulation. When the gene is transcribed and how much it is...
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...need of normal body and thus not carrying sufficient amount of oxygen to the body tissues. Erythrocytes are abundantly produced in bone marrow by the process of erythropoesis, initiated by the hormone erythropoietin, found in kidney. Patients with renal failure are unable to produce enough erythropoietin to stimulate the erythropoesis process, resulting in lower production of erythrocytes (RBCs). Epogen (Epoetin alfa) is a special drug to stimulate the production of RBCs. This drug is made by the DNA recombinant technology with certain limitations and controlled dosage to the patients. In patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), HIV infected patients being treated by zidovudine and cancer patients being treated with chemotherapy, Epogen dosages are 50-100 units/kg thrice a week, 100 units/kg thrice a week and 600-900 units/kg thrice a week keeping an eye on hemoglobin level. Epoetin alfa (Epogen) injection is limited to use in certain conditions such as, if hemoglobin level rises to 11 g/dL ten Epogen is prohibited to administer. There are certain side effects of consuming Epogen ranging from local, gastrointestinal to dermatological. Discussion Red Blood Cells (RBCs) are the essential part of human blood which carries oxygen to the body tissues. If there is lack of sufficient healthy RBCs in the body, the condition is called Anemia, ranging from mild to severe. Anemic patient mostly feel weak and tired. Anemia is of several types among which blood loss is the most...
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...selected from the list provided. You will also have to complete three basic world religions charts, answer questions about the Neolithic Revolution and complete a geography assignment. You may find links to the documents required for these assignments on my teacher Website http://teacherweb.com/WA/LakesHighSchool/Dunnavant/h0.aspx Please feel free to email me over the summer if you have questions. Sincerely, Ms. Dunnavant adunnava@cloverpark.k12.wa.us Assignment One – WORLD RELIGIONS The influence of major religions and semi-religious philosophies on societies will provide a reoccurring theme throughout the course. It is important for you to be familiar with each religion as we proceed. Please follow the directions below: 1. Visit the following sources: • BBC Religion & Ethics Website http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/ • Infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0113529.html 2. Complete each of the following charts (use the link in the handouts section of my teacher web to print the charts): • Western Eurasian Religions Chart • Eastern Eurasian Religions Chart • Classical Eastern Semi-Religious Philosophies Chart An example of the detail expected of you can be found on the Classical Eastern Semi- Religious Philosophies Chart under Taoism. To help you...
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...molecule The shape of a water molecule and its polarity make hydrogen bonding possible, A hydrogen bond is a weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom. (They are partial charging) * Can occur between atoms of different molecule or within the same molecule * A single hydrogen bond is easily broken while multiple hydrogen bonds are collectively quite strong. * Help to maintain the proper structure and function of complex molecules such as proteins and DNA. Oxygen attracts the shared electric and is partially negative Hydrogens are partially positive. Properties of water * Water molecules cling together because of hydrogen bonding * This association gives water many of its unique chemical properties * Water has a high heat capacity * The presence of many hydrogen bonds allow water to absorb a large amount of thermal heat without a great change in temperature * The temperature of water rises and falls slowly * Allows organisms to maintain internal temperatures. * Water has a high heat of vaporization * Hydrogen bonds must be broken to evaporate water. * Bodies of organism cool when their heat is used to evaporate water. * Water is a good Solvent * Water is good solvent because of its polarity * Polar substances dissolve readily in water * Hydrophilic molecules dissolve in water (sugar) * Hydrophobic molecules do not dissolve in water...
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...Laudon New York University f Jane P. Laudon Azimuth Information Systems PEARSON feerttifie tall Pearson Education International Brief Contents Part One Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Part One Project Organizations, Management, and the Networked Enterprise 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today 2 Global E-Business: How Businesses Use Information Systems 38 Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy 80 Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems 124 Analyzing Business Processes for an Enterprise System 165 Part Two Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Part Two Project Information Technology Infrastructure 167 IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies 168 Foundations of Business Intelligence: Databases and Information Management 222 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology 260 Securing Information Systems 312 Creating a New Internet Business 351 Part Three Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Part Three Project Key System Applications for the Digital Age 353 Achieving Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy: Enterprise Applications 354 E-Commerce: Digital Markets, Digital Goods 388 Managing Knowledge 428 Enhancing Decision Making 470 Designing an Enterprise Information Portal 508 Part Four Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Part Four Project Building and Managing Systems 509 Building Systems 510 Project Management: Establishing the Business Value of Systems and Managing Change 552...
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...of precautionary health protection April 2000 ECOLOG-Institut Translated by Andrea Klein Mobile Telecommunications and Health Review of the Current Scientific Research in view of Precautionary Health Protection Commissioned by T‐Mobil DeTeMobil Deutsche Telekom MobilNet GmbH Authors Dr Kerstin Hennies Dr H.‐Peter Neitzke Dr Hartmut Voigt With the support of Dr Gisa‐Kahle Anders ECOLOG‐Institut für sozial‐ökologische Forschung und Bildung gGmbH Nieschlagstrasse 26 30449 Hannover Tel. 0511‐92456‐46 Fax 0511‐92456‐48 Email mailbox@ecolog‐institut.de Hannover, April 2000 Contents 1 1 1.1 1.2 2 Introduction 1 3 New Technologies and Precautionary Health Protection Terms of Reference and Structure of the Review 5 2.1 2.2 3 Collating and Interpreting the Scientific Data (Methodology) 5 5 Primary Reciprocal Effects between High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Systems (Biophysical and Biochemical Processes) 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4 Thermal Effects 3.1.1 Effects of Homogenous Warming 3.1.2 Microthermal Effects Direct Field Effects 3.2.1 Effects from the Electrical Component of the Electromagnetic Field 3.2.2 Effects from the Magnetic Component of the Electromagnetic Field Quantum Effects Other Effects Particular Properties of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields ...
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...Answers to Conceptual Integrated Science End-of-Chapter Questions Chapter 1: About Science Answers to Chapter 1 Review Questions 1 The era of modern science in the 16th century was launched when Galileo Galilei revived the Copernican view of the heliocentric universe, using experiments to study nature’s behavior. 2 In Conceptual Integrated Science, we believe that focusing on math too early is a poor substitute forconcepts. 3 We mean that it must be capable of being proved wrong. 4 Nonscientific hypotheses may be perfectly reasonable; they are nonscientific only because they are not falsifiable—there is no test for possible wrongness. 5 Galileo showed the falseness of Aristotle’s claim with a single experiment—dropping heavy and lightobjects from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. 6 A scientific fact is something that competent observers can observe and agree to be true; a hypothesis is an explanation or answer that is capable of being proved wrong; a law is a hypothesis that has been tested over and over and not contradicted; a theory is a synthesis of facts and well-tested hypotheses. 7 In everyday speech, a theory is the same as a hypothesis—a statement that hasn’t been tested. 8 Theories grow stronger and more precise as they evolve to include new information. 9 The term supernatural literally means “above nature.” Science works within nature, not above it. 10 They rely on subjective personal experience and do not lead to testable hypotheses. They lie outside...
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...or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at 530 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via web site at http://www.lww.com (products and services). Not authorized for sale in North America and the Caribbean. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication...
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...Licensed to: CengageBrain User Licensed to: CengageBrain User This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User Criminal Justice in Action, 7th Edition Larry K. Gaines and Roger LeRoy Miller © 2013 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not...
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...Chapter Three 3 Fundamentals of Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Orientation P A R T 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Preparing and Organizing Yourself After reading this chapter, you should be able to: for Success in College L.O.1 Use cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis to analyze decisions. L.O.2 Understand the effect of cost structure on decisions. L.O.3 Use Microsoft Excel to perform CVP analysis. L.O.4 Incorporate taxes, multiple products, and alternative cost structures into the CVP analysis. L.O.5 Understand the assumptions and limitations of CVP analysis. C H A P T E R S I N P A R T O N E 1 2 Making Yourself Successful in College Approaching College Reading and Developing a College-Level Vocabulary Approaching College Assignments: Reading Textbooks and Following Directions 3 ✓ Related Resources See pages 000 to 000 of the Annotated Instructor’s Edition for general suggestions related to the chapters in Part One. 1 cor50782_ch01_001-072.indd 1 10/5/09 11:09:2 P A R T I opened U-Develop because I love photography and I wanted to own my own business. I now get to spend most of my day working with employees and customers making sure that the photos they take are the best they can be. It also gives me a chance to encourage younger people who have an interest in photography, because I work with many of the school groups and after-school clubs here in town. That’s the fun part of the job. But I also have to think about the financial side of the business. I need a systematic way to understand...
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...Unit II: Genetics Brief Overview Reading: Chapters 3, 4, 9-12, 14 (Note: you have reviewed much of this already) The earth is teeming with living things. We can easily see some of the larger organisms—trees, grass, flowers, weeds, cats, fish, squirrels, dogs, insects, spiders, snails, mushrooms, lichens. Other organisms are everywhere, in the air, in water, soil and on our skin, but are too small to see with the naked eye—bacteria, viruses, protists (single celled eukaryotes such as amoebae), and tiny plants and animals. Life is remarkable in its complexity and diversity, and yet it all boils down to a very simple idea—the instructions for making all this life are written in nucleic acids, usually DNA. Most organisms have a set of DNA that contains the instructions for making that creature. This DNA contains four “letters” in which these instructions are written—A, T, G, and C. The only difference between the code for a dog and the code for a geranium is in the order of those letters in the code. If you took the DNA from a human and rearranged the letters in the right way, you could produce an oak tree—arrange them slightly differently and you would have a bumble bee—arrange them again and you would have the instructions for making a bacterium. Acting through more than two billion years, the process of evolution has taken one basic idea—a molecular code that uses four letters—and used it over and over, in millions of combinations to produce a dazzling array of life forms...
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...Naturwissenschaften (2004) 91:255–276 DOI 10.1007/s00114-004-0515-y REVIEW Ulrich Kutschera · Karl J. Niklas The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis Published online: 17 March 2004 Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract In 1858, two naturalists, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, independently proposed natural selection as the basic mechanism responsible for the origin of new phenotypic variants and, ultimately, new species. A large body of evidence for this hypothesis was published in Darwin’s Origin of Species one year later, the appearance of which provoked other leading scientists like August Weismann to adopt and amplify Darwin’s perspective. Weismann’s neo-Darwinian theory of evolution was further elaborated, most notably in a series of books by Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ernst Mayr, Julian Huxley and others. In this article we first summarize the history of life on Earth and provide recent evidence demonstrating that Darwin’s dilemma (the apparent missing Precambrian record of life) has been resolved. Next, the historical development and structure of the “modern synthesis” is described within the context of the following topics: paleobiology and rates of evolution, mass extinctions and species selection, macroevolution and punctuated equilibrium, sexual reproduction and recombination, sexual selection and altruism, endosymbiosis and eukaryotic cell evolution, evolutionary developmental biology, phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic inheritance and...
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