...John Brooks World Civ1 The rise and falls of the Persian Empire Chapter 3 Mr. Smith ] John Brooks World Civ1 Mr. Smith Term Paper June 7 2014 Introduction The Persian and the Medes migrated into Iran before 1000 B.COnly a few people in this world today can boast a longer and prouder history than the Iranians, descendants of the ancient Persians. They build the greatest empire of the ancient Near East, but they also absorbed the ancient civilizations they ruled, in particular that of Mesopotamia. The Persians were first encountered around 2000 B.C.E, emerging from the grassy steppes of Central Asia, in the north. At that point, they were closely associated with two other peoples: the Medes and Aryans. Although Cyrus had found the Persian Empire Darius 1 gave it an internal organization and structure that allowed it to last for 200 years. His accomplishment, are more impressive when we consider the empire's enormous size, the scale of which no one had ever dealt with before. The Persians, like most ancient peoples, started out with a polytheistic religion to account for the forces of nature. This was a dualistic religion, which meant it saw life as a constant struggle between the forces of good and evil. Rise of the Persian Empire Most of the credit of the rise of the Persian Empire was due to the first Achaemenid Emperor, Cyrus the Great. He founded Persia after he united the Medes and the Persians to build a great Empire. He came to power in 559 BC and...
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...The Rise and Fall of Rome The Economics Behind an Empire 4/18/2013 ECO 120 Seb Jaramillo The Rise and Fall of Rome To many people, the ancient world has always been a topic of great interest and study. The ancient world is essentially the explanation for how the world ended up where it is today. Our ancestors laid down the foundation that would help form and mold today’s civilization and the way people live out their lives in modern times. Perhaps no civilization of the past did more for the future than the efforts and contributions of the Roman Empire. For almost a millennia, the Romans controlled the vast majority of the world. Their Empire made it possible to spread wealth and knowledge to the far corners of the world and lay down a base common knowledge that helped pave the path for people to follow. This paper shall look into the background of Rome and see what economic forces helped lead to the formation of such a formidable empire. What allowed these people to become so wealthy and construct a vast territory? Why was it easy for the Romans to do so much while many other nations are still set back in our day and age? The paper shall also look at the forces at work near the end of the Western Empire that brought an end to the glory and majesty of Rome and how this knowledge can perhaps produce a means of prevention of the same fate for the United States. The city of Rome became a Republic around the year 509 BC. By the end of the first century BC Rome controlled...
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...This essay will outline events that lead to the fall of Nortel network, a very successful Canadian maker of telecoms equipment in the late 1990’s. Nortel was huge and ranked as one of the largest firms of the world. This success did not last long as acquisitions of fraud, misalignment of funds among other unethical behavior were occurring. Small investors and stakeholders incurred the biggest loss. Nortel Network, a Canadian technology company was considered a fast-moving giant. The company was quick to integrate acquisitions and developed and built innovative telecom products. It seems as if nothing could stop the growth and uprising price of shares. The downfall of Nortel began when the top executives were accused of falsifying reported earnings. Top-notch executives were buying and selling stock within their retirement plans and massive accounting discrepancies were discovered. These suspicious outcomes let the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to launch an investigation in April 2004. The company continued to plunge and deteriorate. In January 2009, Nortel filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the United States, and Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act (CCAA) in Canada. The rise of Nortel was due to innovation and timing. In July 2000, at the height of its success, with a market capitalization in excess of $350 billion Canadian dollars, Nortel accounted for 37 percent of the Toronto Stock Exchange Composite Index Value (Collins, 2012). This fast...
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...Case Study The Rise and Fall of Worldcom This case study is about Bernard Ebbers CEO of Worldcom, Inc. and Scott Sullivan CFO of Worldcom, Inc. once they were boosted the company growth and they got awards. Later on they made frauds by using their influential tactics on employees and company’s board. Those are Assertiveness: it involves applying legitimate and coercive power to influence others by threatening or giving punishment. This tactic was used by sullivans office where they berated and intimidated employees who opposed head quarter’s decision and questioned for more information. When one employee refused to change in accounting entry, worldcom’s controller threatened him and made him to make changes in accounting entry. Information control: It involves manipulating other’s access to the information and restricted access to the valuable information. By using information control Ebbers inner circle restricted flow of all financial information. Accountants didn’t have access to computer files in which fraudulent was made and they were not allowed even to prepare accounting files. Persuasion: persuasion is to influence people with their virtual facts, logical arguments and emotional speeches to change and manipulate another person’s attitude and behaviour. Ebbers was persuaded the board of directors and changed their mind even though they knew that he was misrepresenting information. As a result board of directors didn’t oppose to Mr.Ebbers recommended action of course...
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...A CASE ON RISE & FALL OF NOKIA (INSIGHT TO THEIR STRETEGIES) Submitted by: RAJIV KUMR ROHILA – S065 JAGDEEP SINGH - S029 TOSHIT KUMAR - N065 Case Overview NOKIA was the most successful European company of the 1990s. The Finnish mobile-phone manufacturer captured the emerging market for mobile phones and built the industry's most powerful brand. Its handsets virtually defined the industry from the time it launched its first GSM phone, the 1011, in 1992. From 1996 to 2001 its revenues increased almost fivefold, and by 1998 it was the world's biggest mobile manufacturer. In 2005, it sold its billionth handset, an 1100 to a customer in Nigeria. Despite being the market leader in the mobile phone market since 1998, the company saw a decline in its brand value since the early 2000. It was once a firm with turnover exceeding the tax revenue of the country it was based in. However, the company not only first lost its number one ranking, a position it had held for 14 years but reach to sell-off in less than 10 years. So the most valid question from all is what happened to Finland's most beloved company? This case is all about analysis of NOKIA’s strategies responsible for its market domination to sell-off . Snapshot of NOKIA’s History To understand the Rise and Fall of NOKIA, it is important to track the history of NOKIA on a single canvas. The same is attempted through following...
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...The rise and Fall of the Conservative The election gave Harper's Conservatives the largest number of seats in the House, although not enough for a majority government, and shortly after midnight on January 24, Martin conceded defeat. Later that day, Martin informed Governor General Michaëlle Jean that he would resign as Prime Minister, and at 6:45 p.m. Jean asked Harper to form a government. Harper was sworn in as Canada's 22nd Prime Minister on February 6, 2006 Harper's Conservative Party won a stronger minority in the October 2008 federal election, showing a small increase in the percentage of the popular vote and increased representation in the Canadian House of Commons with 143 of 308 seats. The 40th Canadian Parliament was dissolved in March 2011 after a no-confidence vote was passed by the opposition parties. On October 14, 2008, after a 5 week long campaign, the Conservative Party won a federal election and increased its number of seats in parliament to 143, up from 127 at the dissolution of the previous parliament; however, the actual popular vote among Canadians dropped slightly by 167,494 votes. As a result of the lowest voter turnout in Canadian electoral history, this represented only 22% of eligible Canadian voters, the lowest level of support of any winning party in Canadian history.[94] Meanwhile, the number of opposition Liberal MPs fell from 95 to 77 seats. It takes 155 MPs to form a majority government in Canada's 308 seat Parliament. 2008 Parliamentary dispute...
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...In the early 20th century Europe had acquired global dominance. Primarily its progress was due to the Industrial Revolution. However, there were many other factors that contributed to the rise of Europe. The first was the formation of alliance systems, which allowed for long term relationships between countries. Next was a sense of nationalism, which gave countries unity and allowed them to work together for the good of their country. Another factor was militarism and the arms race. Each country wanted to show their power through the military, even though they didn’t want to fight. Two more factors that contributed to the rise in European power include imperialism, or the belief of superiority, and Social Darwinism, which is a theory that competition between all individuals, groups, nations or ideas drives social evolution in human societies (Wikipedia). Many client-state relationships evolved in this time period, with Europe being the superior state and other nations being the subordinate clients. Because of these factors, Europe had better food distribution, advances in medicine and sanitation. Their standard of living also increased. Progress in Europe seemed inevitable; however, it was these factors that ultimately led to its downfall in the mid 20th century. The first major hit that Europe received was the “Great War” or World War I which occurred from 1914 to 1918. The causes of this war were not clear cut but they were believed to be the formation of alliances...
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...University of Oklahoma 3/8/10 The Rise and Fall of Donehogawa Anthropology 1613.001 Chapter 8 Ely Samuel Parker was the first actual Indian that became Commissioner of Indian Affairs. He was part of the Seneca Iroquois tribe from the Tonawanda reservation in New York. His real name was Donehogawa, but he realized that he would not get any respect in the white man’s world with an Indian name. In this paper I will discuss how he became Commissioner, some of the problems he faced while he was Commissioner, and also his demise. Parker battled racial prejudice nearly his entire life. From the time he was ten years old he went to work as a stable boy on an Army post, and the officers would make fun of him because of how poorly he spoke the English language (Brown 179). When he was still very young he decided he wanted to go to missionary school to learn and master the English language. He wanted to be educated so that he could help his people as much as possible, and he thought that being a lawyer would be the best way to help his people. After he graduated he worked at a firm for over three years to help him learn how law offices work. He then applied to take the bar examination to become a lawyer, but was told that only white male citizens could be lawyers in New York. This did not cause Parker to give up, he was a very determined individual and sought to find which professions he would be admitted to. He then sought to be a civil engineer, and entered the Rensselaer...
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...The rise and fall of PIA Submitted by: Muhammad Atif Iqbal KSBL MBA2015 GSBD II 0 Introduction With the inception of Pakistan it was divided into two parts. East and West Pakistan and the link between the two parts was possible through air only because between the two parts lied the second country that came into being with Pakistan i.e. India. So to connect the two parts of the country Air-Travel was the only convenient option. To serve the purpose Orient airways owned by the Isphahani’s was providing services but the it failed to serve the purpose effectively because of limited resources and losses incurred due to poor economy and other issues prevailing in the country at that time so in 1954 Govt. of Pakistan decided to launch a National Aircraft Carrier with the name of Pakistan International Airlines. Which grew very quickly and launched international travel only a year after its formation and the destination of the flight was London via Cairo. PIA took over and consolidated the operations of Orient airways in 1955 which increased the capacity of PIA with an increase in the fleet available. And it was the time when PIA expanded and exploded in terms of size, assets, revenues and profits. PIA has bagged many achievements as well like the first Asian company to add a jet airplane to its fleet and enabling the operator to enlarge its network and expand services across many borders. It was also the first non-communist airline to offer flights to Shanghai...
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...Investment Banking in 2008 (A): Rise and Fall of the Bear 1. What role did Bear’s culture play in its positioning vis-à-vis its competitors, and what role might that culture have played in its demise? Bear Stearns played a risky role with the promise of high returns. Bear was participating in the LTCM and created a bubble. Bear’s competitors recognized and hedged against risk by participating in the buyout while Bear Stearns ignored the bullish market. Other banks hired both externally as well as internally so they received other opinions and perspectives, but Bear Stearns only hired internally. Bear ignored concerns while others hedged for possible risk. While all the banks were losing money from CDO’s, Bear’s losses were the most looked at and brought the most fear. 2. How did Bear’s potential collapse differ from that of LTCM in the eyes of the Federal Reserve? Bear Stearns had a chance to contribute to the bail out which may have saved them. The LTCM demanded high returns and the market could not satisfy these expectations. Bear should have learned from the LTCM collapse so one thing that differed is the banks had more knowledge after the collapse and should have done things differently. Also, it was a less turbulent market when Bear collapsed. 3. What could Bear have done differently to avoid its fate: 1. In the early 2000s? In the early 2000s, Bear Stearns tried to issue shares that were later called “toxic waste” so the bank...
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...Nokia Rise and Fall EMSE 6005.10 – Organizational Behavior For The Engineering Managers Professor Andy Sakka Abhishek Thakur Akshat Amrut Oswal Nokia history: Nokia was founded by Fredrik Idestam, a mining engineer in 1865. The name Nokia was decided in 1871 when he opened his second paper mill on the bank of Nokianvirta river. Nokia started out with making paper which incidentally was one of the very first technologies used for communications. Fredrik Idestam was the chairman of the company till 1896 when he retired, and Leo Mechelin took over as the chairman. Under Mechelin, Nokia started a new business unit of electricity generation. In 1898, Eduard Polon founded the Finnish Rubber Works, which later became Nokia’s rubber business. They were making everything from galoshes to tires. In 1912, Finnish Cable Works was established by Arvid Wickstrom, which later became Nokia’s cable and electronic business. In 1967, all three of these jointly owned companies came together to form the Nokia corporation. Nokia’s first thrust in telecommunications came when they began developing radio telephones for the army and emergency services. During this period, the company was involved in many businesses including paper products, tire manufacturing, footwears, communication cables, televisions , electricity generation machinery, robotics , chemicals, plastics and many more. By 1987,, Nokia became one of the leading manufacturers of TV in Europe. By 1990, Nokia decided to concentrate...
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...LEHIGH VALLEY HOSPITAL BUSINESS PROCESS AUTOMATION In this case, Lehigh Valley Hospital became more efficient by changing its organization structure, modifying business procedures, and revamping its network. The hospital installed a new telecommunications network to handle the increased volume of network traffic. BUSINESS PROCESS IMPROVEMENT Lehigh Valley Hospital endeavored to improve their business by assessing their current practices, evaluating new approaches, and implementing more efficient processes. The new way of doing business was designed to make the facility more efficient while improving patient care. The reorganized hospital was separated into two facilities: an out-patient care center and an in-patient center. This arrangement yielded many of the desired results; however, it also fostered a sense of divisiveness amongst the separate facilities. Once this issue was recognized, the hospital spearheaded a “Total Quality” process to alleviate the problem. A team, consisting of a cross-section of employees from both divisions, came together to evaluate, address, and remove the obstacles/barriers that existed. The hospital repeatedly displayed their commitment to Continuous Improvement and Total Quality by including employee concerns, patient care, and operational efficiency in their process improvement efforts. BUSINESS PROCESS TRANSFORMATION Business process transformation is the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of aspects...
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...* From year 1999 to 2002, the company under Ebbers (CEO) and Sullivan (CFO)) used fraudulent accounting methods to cover its declining earnings by painting a false picture of financial growth and profitability to prop up the price of WorldCom’s stock. * The fraud was accomplished primarily in two ways: * Underreporting which is interconnection expenses with other telecommunication companies by capitalising these costs on the balance sheet rather than properly expensing them. * Inflating revenues with bogus accounting entries from "corporate unallocated revenue accounts".` * In 2002, a small team of internal auditors at WorldCom worked together, often at night and in secret, to investigate and found out $3.8 billion in fraud. Shortly thereafter, the company's audit committee and board of directors were notified of the fraud. * As the result, WorldCom has accumulated around $41 billion in debt. By the time it declared bankruptcy in 2002, the organization had combined loss of $73.7 billion. Ebbers and Sullivan both had multiple power based from both their formal positions in the company (legitimate and coercive power) as well as power bases that were inherent in them as individuals (expert and referent power). There were also no contingencies to their power as they basically control absolute power over all employees from highly visible positions. Legitimate Power – As the CEO and CFO of WorldCom, Bernie Ebbers and Scott Sullivan requested employees make...
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...Recent news disclosed a disappointing forecast of plummeting profit loss for the online superstore Amazon. Cnn.com said “stock fell nearly 11% in after-hours trading Thursday. The company reported a $437 million loss” (AMZN,Tech30). As a result of Amazon’s misfortune, some of their investors are getting impatient with their tactics of solely investing in new products and services to increase revenue growth instead of making a substantial profit. In the light of this current situation, Chief Officer Thomas Szkutak stated “the company is focused on using its money wisely so that we get good returns on invested capital” (Szkutak). Despite reports of their twenty percent annual loss, Amazon’s executives still remain confident they will reach their yearly goals. From a long time customer’s perspective, it was shocking to read about the online giants present financial difficulties. As for now, if amazon.com wants to remain a multi-billion dollar industry It’s imperative they implement a plan that will draw in an enormous amount of income. The chron.com reports despite of the recent 22 percent decline in stock, “Amazon said it expects holiday quarter revenue of $27.3 billion and $30.3 billion, below analyst expectations of $30.9 billion, ” (Anderson). The expected revenue report couldn’t have come at a better time for amazon executives. Their investors made it publicly clear they must see positive financial changes in order for their continued support of the company. My research...
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