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Risk Analysis

Debt to equity is a measure of a company’s financial leverage. It indicates what proportion of equity and debt the company is using to finance its assets. From 2010 to 2012, the total debt/equity ratios of Merck & Co. went from 0.33 to 0.32 and 0.39. Although the ratio didn’t change dramatically from 2010 to 2011, it did increase incredibly during year 2012. It shows that Merck & Co. had been aggressive in financing its growth with debt. The increasing debt/equity ratio means the company is using debt to finance operations, which could potentially gain more earnings than it would have without the debt. If Merck & Co. increased the earning by a greater amount than the debt cost, then the shareholders can be benefited from it. However, higher debt/equity ratio can also be a potential risk since it may lead to bankruptcy if the debt is too much to be handled.
Return On Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) are both very important financial measures of a company. ROA is an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its total assets, while ROE is used to show the amount of net income returned as a percentage of shareholders equity. ROA of Merck & Co. from 2010 to 2012 were 0.79, 5.95, and 5.82 and the ROE ratios were 1.52, 11.52, and 11.44. As we can see, both ROA and ROE were very low in 2010 but increased dramatically and rapidly in 2011 by approximately 7 times. However, during 2012, both measures stayed almost the same with the last year. It shows the profitability of Merck & Co. improved incredibly during 2011, but the company and its shareholders face the potential risk that Merck & Co.’s ability of generating profit with its assets and the money shareholder have invested stopped improving.
Interest Coverage ratio (Times Interest Earned) indicates the degree of protection available to creditors by measuring the

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