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I. Introduction

Risk management is the process of identifying vulnerabilities and threats to information resources used by a company in reaching business objectives and deciding what measures to take in reducing risk to an acceptable level. An effectual risk management process is an essential component of a successful IT security program. The paramount goal of an organization's risk management process should be to protect the organization and its ability to perform their mission, not just its IT assets. With that in mind, the risk management process should not be treated primarily as a technical function by IT experts, but rather as an essential management function of the organization. The objective of performing risk management is to enable the organization to accomplish its mission(s) (1) by better securing the IT systems that store, process, or transmit organizational information; (2) by enabling management to make well-informed risk management decisions to justify the expenditures that are part of an IT budget; and (3) by assisting management in authorizing (or accrediting) the IT systems on the basis of the supporting documentation resulting from the performance of risk management .

“Effective risk management begins with a clear understanding of the organization's appetite for risk2. This drives all risk management efforts and impacts future investments in technology. Risk management encompasses four key elements: Risk identification, risk mitigation, risk acceptance, and risk analysis. When these elements are evaluated, strategies for managing risk can be set and responsibilities can be clarified.

II. Risk Identification The first step of a risk management program is to assess threats and vulnerabilities associated with the organization and the probability of their occurrence. Threats are any circumstances or events with the

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