...Chapter 7 Rizal in Europe (1882-1885) Rizal then was at 22 when he left for Spain. It was a learning experience aboard vessel Salvadora. Most of the passengers were foreigners and Spanish employees. He noticed that they talk ill about the Philippines. He compared them to those who’re at the Philippines. His first stop was in Singapore. He stayed at Hotel de Paz. After 2 days, he boarded the vessel Djemnah and he compared it to Salvadora. He tried to speak French to the French passengers, but he noticed that what he learned isn’t enough and not understandable. When the Djemnah made stops at Point de Galle and Colombo in Ceylon, Rizal went ashore for sight-seeing. When they resumed the voyage, the Djemnah landed at the port of Aden. Rizal saw merchants selling lion skins and leopard skins. Rizal sighted the barren coast of Africa, for the first time, which he called an ‘inhospitable land but famous’. The Djemnah passed through Suez Canal then landed at port Said in Egypt. The people spoke various languages. Rizal arrived at Barcelona. He said it was dark, dirty and ugly. The people are not hospitable. He stayed at Barcelona for the summer vacation. He met with a former classmate. He then had the time to write a nationalistic essay entitled Amor Patrio which means Love of Country using his pen name Laon Laan. It appeared in Diariong Tagalog. Francisco Calvo, the editor of the news paper requested for Rizal to submit more articles. Rizal then submitted two articles...
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...Rizal’s Education Subject: PI 11 Life, Works and Writings of Dr. Jose Rizal Schedule: 9:00-10:30 TTh AE 306 Submitted to: Ms. Jennifer M. Bito Submitted by: Group 2 Charaychay, Kalie Kalaya B. Ligawen, Melody Y. Submitted on: February 11, 2016 Early Education The hero’s first teacher was his mother, Dona Teodora. On the age of three, Jose already learned his alphabet, how to pray, and reaching the age of 5, he can read the Holy Bible and he can also write in Spanish. As early as his age, his mother told a story about the “The Young Moth”, which made the profoundest impression on him in the tragic fate of the young moth, which died a martyr to its illusions. When Jose grew older, his parents employed private tutors, Maestro Colestino was Jose’s first private tutor, second private tutor was Maestro Lucas Padua and his third tutor was Maestro Leon Monroy, a classmate of his father, who taught Rizal in Spanish and Latin for five months. Education at Binan, Laguna Five months later, the latter maestro died and Jose was sent to a school in Binan. In June 1869, Jose travelled to Binan, accompanied by Paciano(his older brother). Upon arriving at Binan, Jose lodged at the house of his aunt. Maestro Justiano Aquino Cruz was his first formal teacher. Jose described his teacher as follows: "He was tall, thin, long-necked, with sharp nose and a body slightly bent forward, and he used to wear a sinamay shirt, woven by the skilled hands of the women of Batangas. He knew...
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...Jose Rizal at the University of Santo Tomas Gian Linardo Mari T. Estrella Enrolment at the University of Santo Tomas Even if Rizal liked painting much, he was not then intending to make art as his profession. He was not yet certain of what course to pursue. In his Memorias de un estudiante, he says that he was still undecided then about the university career he would follow as the school year 1877-1878 is nearing. Different authors of Rizal give different answers on what and who influenced Rizal in opting what course to take. It is the question of who made the final choice, he himself, his mother, his father, his brother or the Jesuits. Rizal tells us that his mother was worried about him pursuing a university career in Manila because of her ingenuity, or possibly her motherly instinct. His mother Teodora feared that Rizal would come to a bad end just as the fate of ilustrados before like Father Burgos. Buthe does not say in memorias de un estudiante, he did not specify what her mother preferred for him. His brother Paciano discouraged him from taking law, because of the belief that Rizal would not be able to practice that profession due to the political conditions that time. In his memorias de un estudiante, he recalls: “I enrolled in Metaphysics because, aside From the fact that I had doubts about the career I should follow, my father wanted me to study it (Metaphysics).” Very likely, Don Francisco had pictured Rizal having a career in Civil Law. And due to this, Don...
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...scene showing Rizal at Belgium writing a letter. The letter contains his thoughts that the Philippines has a serious illness and that it is plagued by the Spanish domination over our country. Crisostomo Ibarra was also introduced in the film, and it is Rizal’s alter ego. Ibarra had been forced to have two personalities because of the worsening problem in our country. He cursed the revolution and even the youth because they are asking for chains and not freedom with Spain. He said, “Mamamatay kayo bago pa man dumating ang inyong kamatayan.” Rizal had published books such as the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as his weapons against the dominions of Spain in our country. These novels became an inspiration over the “KATIPUNAN” or the “Sons of the People.” Andres Bonifacio condemns the friars and he said that the Spain is deaf and blind, they only make people become imbeciles and criminals. The only way for independence and freedom is through revolution. The Katipunans tear their ‘cedulas’ that symbolizes to end all of their ties with Spain and unity with revolution. The friars have discovered such revolution; they even interrogated Paciano (Rizal’s older brother) just to gain information about the uprising in the country. The male members of Rizal’s family left their home at Tondo, Manila because they were being hunted by Spanish forces. Meanwhile, Governor General Blanco was subject to the commands of Monsignor Nosaleda. On November 1896, Rizal has been brought...
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...JOSE RIZAL JOSÉ PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO Y ALONSO REALONDA (born 19 June 1861, Calamba, Philippines- died 30 December 1896, Manila, Philippines), patriot, physician and man of letters whose life and literary works were an inspiration to the Philippine nationalist movement. Rizal was the son of a prosperous landowner and sugar planter of Chinese-Filipino descent on the island of Luzon. His mother, Teodora Alonso, one of the most highly educated women in the Philippines at that time, exerted a powerful influence on his intellectual development. He was educated at the Ateneo de Manila and the University of Santo Tomas in Manila. In 1882, he went to study medicine and liberal arts at the University of Madrid. A brilliant student, he soon became the leader of the small community of Filipino students in Spain and committed himself to the reform of Spanish rule in his home country, though he never advocated Philippine independence. The chief enemy of reform, in his eyes, was not Spain, which was going through a profound revolution, but the Franciscan, Augustinian and Dominican friars who held the country in political and economic paralysis. Rizal continued his medical studies in Paris and Heidelberg. In 1886, he published his first novel in Spanish, Noli Me Tangere, a passionate exposure of the evils of the friars rule, comparable in its effect to Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. A sequel,El Filibusterismo, 1891, established his reputation as the leading spokesman of the...
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... WEEK 1—ORIENTATION / INTRODUCTION TO RIZAL COURSE WEEK 2 BACKGROUNDER OF RIZAL’S FAMILY / HISTORICAL BACGROUND OF RIZAL: A. ANCESTRY OF RIZAL. Rizal came from a mixture of races. From his father side, his great grandfather was a Chinese merchant from Amoy, China. In the closing year of the 17th century, Domingo Lamco who assumed the family surname “ Mercado “ in consonance with the decree of Governor General Narciso Claveria to free all Spanish subjects and their children from prejudices associated with having Chinese surnames. Lamco married a wealthy Chinese mestiza, Ines dela Rosa and from Manila, they moved to Binan and became tenants in the Dominican hacienda which those time large portion of the town were owned by Dominican friars. Rizal’s great grandfather was Francisco Mercado, the son of Domingo and Ines dela Rosa, who married a Chinese mestiza Cirila Bernacha, had a son by the name of Juan Mercado, who married a Chinese mestiza Cirila Alejandrino, serving as Riza’s grandfather. Juan and Cirila had 14 children, one of whom was Francisco Mercado, Rizal’s father who married Teodora Alonzo. Rizal’s father was an erudite man. He took courses in Latin and Philosophy at Colegio de San Jose in Manila. For Rizal, his father was a model father because of his honesty, industry and prudence. Rizal inherited from his father self – respect, serenity and poise, seriousness and a deep sense of dignity. On the other hand, from his mother side, Rizal’s great grandfather...
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...RIZAL: WHAT MADE HIM A HERO? "What matters death if one dies for what one loves, for native land and cherished ones?" A hero may be easy to spell but it is never easy to become. Heroes are people who have gained enormous identity among others. They are role models, well-respected, nationalistic and have contributed to society causing national unity resulting to something really big like freedom. Between the different faces of heroes we know who stands out among the rest? Is it Rizal or is Bonifacio of better identity? Would it be Aguinaldo or Mabini? If there is a need to place someone as national hero then who should we pick between those huge names? It is always said in many cultures that the pen is mightier than the sword, the blood of academic scholars are better than that blood of warriors, wars are not won in the battlefield, it’s pure politics. The name Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio are some of the well-known personalities that have been mentioned in the annals of Philippine history. The exemplary deeds that they had done for our country; in order to achieve freedom from the hands of the Spanish colonizers is worth to be remembered specially by the present generation. Indeed, their heroism is well done. Apparently, there are some students, faculty, leftist, writers, critics and even we perhaps questioned the credibility of Rizal when he got the title of being our “Philippine National Hero” why not Bonifacio which results to the existence of pro-Bonifacio...
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...We knew Rizal was our Philippine national hero but do you even wonder who Jose Rizal really is? Having this privilege to fully watch the documentary film about the life of a hero directed by Butch Nolasco made me think that it’s very rare to find such person who would give his own life knowing he have all those wealth and intelligence that others don’t have for the sake of his motherland and fellow citizens. If you would be dare to die for your country, will you have the courage to accept it given at this particular moment? That’s the question that surely most of us would decline, wouldn’t we? The documentary film of Jose Rizal shows his life starting from his young age up until the day he died. There featured all the information about his family, the schools and courses that Rizal entered and toke up, his travels across different nations, the particular people he had made friends with and those of his enemies as well, and of course his sacrifices he did for the success of the 2 novels that play an important role in the awakening of patriotism among Filipino patriots .It was also featured the women that Rizal had flings with. As I remembered Segunda Katigbak was Rizal’s First girlfriend while Leonor Rivera his cousin became his first love that lasted for 11 years until her parents arranged a wedding to Kipping. It’s a genuine frustration indeed for a person to be in that kind of situation. Despite Rizal is in the moment of great sorrow with how his relationship with...
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...José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda [1] (June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896, Bagumbayan), was aFilipino polymath, patriot and the most prominent advocate for reform in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era. He is regarded as the foremost Filipino patriot and is listed as one of the national heroes of the Philippines by National Heroes Committee.[2] His execution by the Spanish in 1896, a date marked annually as Rizal Day, a Philippine national holiday, was one of the causes of the Philippine Revolution. Rizal was born to a rich family in Calamba, Laguna and was the seventh of eleven children. He attended the Ateneo Municipal de Manila, earning a Bachelor of Arts, and enrolled in medicine at the University of Santo Tomas. He continued his studies at the Universidad Central de Madrid in Madrid, Spain, earning the degree of Licentiate in Medicine. He also attended the University of Paris and earned a second doctorate at the University of Heidelberg. Rizal was a polyglot conversant in twenty-two languages.[3][4][5][6] He was a prolific poet, essayist, diarist, correspondent, and novelist whose most famous works were his two novels, Noli me Tangere and El filibusterismo.[7]These social commentaries on Spanish rule formed the nucleus of literature that inspired peaceful reformists and armed revolutionaries alike. As a political figure, José Rizal was the founder of La Liga Filipina, a civic organization that subsequently gave birth to the Katipunan[8] led by Andrés...
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...On the occasion of National Hero's birth month this June, let me share with you this interesting article about the great Malayan sexuality: Was Rizal Gay? By Neil C. Garcia Sometime during the Centennial of Rizal’s martyrdom, Isagani R. Cruz, local pop-culture Provocateur and professor of literature and Philippine studies at the De La Salle University, wrote a column for the now-defunct Filmag: Filipino Magazin, shockingly titled “Bakla ba si Rizal?” (1) The answer to this question, if Cruz is to be believed, is a resounding and categorical “Yes!” And he offers what he calls “biographical evidence” in order to arrive at this question’s confidently affirmative answer. First, Rizal was a bakla because he was afraid of committing himself to the revolutionary cause. Second, Rizal’s kabaklaan made itself apparent in his periodic “failings” in his relationships with the women to whom he was supposed to have been romantically linked. Third, Rizal, unlike his compatriots, didn’t go “wenching” in the brothels of Barcelona and Madrid (at least, not very often). Fourth, Rizal might not have even been the father of Josephine’s benighted baby boy, since—paraphrasing noted Rizalist historian Ambeth Ocampo’s feelings on the matter of Rizal’s “disputable paternity”—Josephine would seem to have been routinely sexually abused and consequently impregnated by her stepfather. Of course, these four “conjectures” hardly qualify as proof. They are more likely the end-results of what I can only describe...
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...college for boys. Rizal Enters the Ateneo – June 10, 1872 Father Magin Ferrando – the college registrar when jose entered at the Ateneo municipal. There are two reasons why father Magin Ferrando refuse Rizal (1) he was late for registration (2) he was sickly and under sized for his age. But by the help of the nephew of father Burgos --- Xerez Burgos, Rizal was reluctantly admitted at the Ateneo. Jesuit System of Education – The system given by the Jesuits in the Ateneo was more advance than that of other colleges in that period. Two Groups in Ateneo 1. The Roman Empire – internos (boarders). Their banners colour is red. 2. The Carthagainian Empire – externos (non-boarders). Their banners colour is blue. Rizal’s First Year in Ateneo (1872-1873) – on his first day of class in the Ateneo June 1872, Rizal first heard mass at the college chapel and prayed fervently to God for guidance and success. Father Jose Bech – Rizal’s first professor in Ateneo. Summer Vacation (1873) – at the end of the school year in March 1873, Rizal returns to Calamba for summer vacation. He did not particularly enjoy his vacation because his mother was in prison. Second Year in Ateneo (1873-1874) – nothing unusual happened to Rizal during his second term in the Ateneo, except that he repented having neglected his studies the previous year simply because he was offended by the teacher’s remarks. Prophecy of Mother’s Release – Rizal lost no time in going to Santa Cruz in order to visit his mother in the...
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...Travels of Rizal Rizals First Trip Abroad 3 May 1882 Rizal left Philippines for the first time Spain. He boarded the Salvadora using a passport of Jose Mercado, which was procured for him by his uncle Antonio Rivera, father of Leonor Rivera. He was accompanied to the quay where the Salvadora was moored by his uncle Antonio, Vicente Gella, and Mateo Evangelista. 15 June 1882 He left Marseilles for Barcelona in an express train. Rizal in Barcelona, Spain 20 August 1882 His article "Amor Patrio" was published in the Diarong Tagalog, a Manila newspaper edited by Basilio Teodoro. This was the First article he wrote abroad. Rizal in Madrid, Spain 2 September 1882 Rizal matriculated at the Universidad Central de Madrid. He took the following subjects: medical clinic, surgical clinic, legal medicine and obstetrical clinic. 4 October 1882 Asked to deliver a poem by the members of Circulo Hispano-Filipino, there together in the effort to save the association from disintegration, Rizal recited "Me piden versus." The meeting was held at the house of Pablo Ortiga y Rey. 2 November 1882 He wrote the article "Revista de Madrid" which was in intended for publication in the Diarong Tagalog in Manila, but was not published because the newspaper stops its circulation. 7 November 1882 Rizal wrote an article entitled "Las Dudas". The article was signed Laong - Laan. Rizal in Paris, France 18 June 1883 With Felipe Zamora and Cunanan, He visited the Leannec...
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...JOSE RIZAL, the national hero of the Philippines and pride of the Malayan race, was born on June 19, 1861, in the town of Calamba, Laguna. He was the seventh child in a family of 11 children (2 boys and 9 girls). Both his parents were educated and belonged to distinguished families. His father, Francisco Mercado Rizal, an industrious farmer whom Rizal called "a model of fathers," came from Biñan, Laguna; while his mother, Teodora Alonzo y Quintos, a highly cultured and accomplished woman whom Rizal called "loving and prudent mother," was born in Meisic, Sta. Cruz, Manila. Jose Rizal’s Ancestors He had Chinese blood from his father’s side and Spanish and Japanese blood from his mother’s side. Recent genealogical research even traces him to Lacan Dula (one of the chiefs met by the first Spaniards in Manila). His paternal ancestor was Lam-Co, an immigrant from Fujian (Jinjiang, Quanzhou), South China. At the age of 35, Lam-co was baptized in 1697. He became Domingo Lam-co. Lam-co had a distinguished lineage. He belonged to the Cua clan of south China. The Cuas today are prosperous and distinguished families in Asia. The Cuas are a very ancient line, which can be traced to many generations to the times when unified China was still non-existent. They are the descendants of Shu Du, the 5th son of Zhou Wu Wang, the political genius who started the Chou dynasty. It was 600 years later when his descendants formalized the usage of the surname Cai. Domingo Lam-co, Rizal’s great-great- grandfather...
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...to one of the most fruitful periods in Rizal's life. His stay in the province was more than he was living in exile. It was the period when Rizal had been more focused on serving the people and the society through his civic works, medical practices, land development, promotion of education and of course, coming accross with his one true love, Josephine Bracken. The part of Rizal's life where he came to know Josephine is the most romantic. Their love story was an example of unconditional love because despite of the fact that there were no priest who was willing to marry the them, the couple exchanged their vows before God in their own way. Their love bear its fruit - Josephine was pregnant. Unfortunately, Josephine gave birth to a one-month premature baby boy who lived only for three hours. The child was buried in Dapitan, bearing the name Francisco, after Rizal's father. I got mad with Jose Rizal in the event of Josephines premature birth of the supposedly son of a hero. How come Rizal who was a doctor was so unmindful of Josephine's condition that night when his anger bursted after Maria's accusation of Josephine being a spy? Not only physically but mentally and emotionally, Josephine who was then pregnant was tortured of Rizal's misbehavior which caused her to collapse and ultimately lose the baby in her womb. I can imagine how Rizal's life would be more colorful and interesting if he had a son who lived and continued his good doings. It is really disappointing that losing that...
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...believed to have had “love at first sight”. Rizal was 16 years old when one Sunday in 1887 he paid visit to his maternal grandmother in Trozo, Manila and there met, among others, Segunda Katigbak, a two-year-younger-than-him ‘colegiala’. In his ‘Memorias de Un Estudiante de Manila’, Rizal graphically described her as a short lady with “eloquent eyes, rosy cheeks, and smile that reveals very beautiful teeth”. Mariano Katigbak, Segunda’s brother and Rizal’s classmate who was also in the house, probably had no idea that his friend had been experiencing “a love at first sight” being bewitched by his alluring sister. During the 1880s, the Katigbaks of Batangas were known for their successful and very lucrative coffee industry. When Jose met Segunda, she was at the time a boarding student of La Concordia College where Rizal’s sister Olympia was also studying. Jose and Segunda got to know each other more intimately as his visits to his sister Olympia (or rather to his love interest Segunda) in La Concordia surprisingly became more frequent. How could Rizal forget that incident when he was urged by other acquaintances and conformed to make a pencil sketch of Segunda? “From time to time”, he later recorded in his diary, “she looked at me, and I blushed.” When Segunda one day gave him a white artificial rose she had made herself at school, he gave her in exchange that pencil sketch he had drawn of her. In hindsight, we can submit that Rizal was somewhat clueless and naïve. As in the...
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