...Journal of Economic Literature Vol. XXXIV (March 1996), pp. 97-114 The Standard Error of Regressions By D E I R D R E N . M C C L O S K E Y and STEPHEN T. ZILIAK University of Iowa Suggestions by two anonymous and patient referees greatly improved the paper. Our thanks also to seminars at Clark, Iowa State, Harvard, Houston, Indiana, and Kansas State universities, at Williatns College, and at the universities of Virginia and Iowa. A colleague at Iowa, Calvin Siehert, was materially helpful. T cant for science or policy and yet be insignificant statistically, ignored by the less thoughtful researchers. In the 1930s Jerzy Neyman and Egon S. Pearson, and then more explicitly Abraham Wald, argued that actual investigations should depend on substantive not merely statistical significance. In 1933 Neyman and Pearson wrote of type I and type II errors: HE IDEA OF Statistical significance is old, as old as Cicero writing on forecasts (Cicero, De Divinatione, 1. xiii. 23). In 1773 Laplace used it to test whether comets came from outside the solar system (Elizabeth Scott 1953, p. 20). The first use of the very word "significance" in a statistical context seems to be John Venn's, in 1888, speaking of differences expressed in units of probable error; Is it more serious to convict an innocent man or to acquit a guilty? That will depend on the consequences of the error; is the punishment death or fine; what is the danger to the community of released...
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...demanding subjects and area such as Business Management, Accounting/LCCI, Auto Cad software in engineering, and English have been established. However, curriculum in various schools is different from smaller range to a wider range. Quality A private educational school has opened since 2002, preparing curriculum to meet with international standard. The school offer professional certificate and help its students to sit for the international examinations such as IELTS, TOEFL, SAT, GMAT, and GRE. At present, there are twenty lecturers and over one hundred students have been enrolled in the school. 1.2 Nature of business The reasons that why private education systems become increasingly popular in Myanmar nowadays have to be examined. This paper will explore the important issues such as : Why students and their parents prefer private education rather than government sponsored Basic...
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...states but corrections have grown immensely since the early 1800s and have continued to expand over time. Corrections are adamant to continue to expand into the future because crime is not slowing down so there will remain a strong need for corrections throughout society. The subject of this paper pertains to research of past, present, and future trends in the development and operation of corrections. In some ways corrections are similar to the operation trends of two decades ago. In other ways the development of corrections has come far compared to corrections in the beginning. Other subjects of the paper include current and future issues for prisons and prison administrators and an explanation for why these issues overwhelm corrections. A last topic for discussion is the roles of alternate corrections as a developing trend. Conditions in the early era were inhumane because of prisoners starving, and trends of punishment were in the form of physical punishment. Examples of this were punishments, such as prisoners hanged, tortured, beheaded, or mutilated. This punishment was popular in England, but it had an effect on its American predecessors. Although the conservative e trend that emerged in the 1970s continued to...
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...Welcome to OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Operations Management is important, exciting, challenging, and everywhere your look! Important, because it’s concerned with creating all of the products and services upon which we depend. Exciting, because it’s at the centre of so many of the changes affecting the world of business. Challenging, because the solutions that we find need to work globally and responsibly within society and the environment. And everywhere, because every service and product that you use – the cereal you eat at breakfast, the chair you sit on, and the radio station you listen to while you eat – is the result of an operation or process. Our aim in writing Operations Management is to give you a comprehensive understanding of the issues and techniques of operations management, and to help you get a great final result in your course. Here’s how you might make the most of the text: ● Get ahead with the latest developments – from the up-to-the-minute Operations in practice features in every chapter to the focus on corporate social responsibility in the final chapter – these put you at the cutting edge. ● Use the Worked examples and Problems and applications to improve your use of key quantitative and qualitative techniques, and work your way to better grades in your assignments and exams. ● Follow up on the recommended readings at the end of each chapter. They’re specially selected to enhance your learning and give you an edge in your course...
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...MEMORY-WORK: AN INTRODUCTION Jennie Small University of Technology, Sydney Research methodology, from the perspective of Critical social science, is considered as: inherently political, as inescapably tied to issues of power and legitimacy. It is assumed that methods are permeated with assumptions about what the social world is, who the social scientist is, and what the nature of the relation between them is (Lather, 1991, p.12). Critical social science moves away from description of behaviour as enduring social fact to attempting to understand how behaviour is produced, thus recasting behaviour as “the effects of contingent and contested processes of change” (Churchman, 2000, p.100 citing Scott). Feminists and those working within a social constructionist paradigm have debated whether there are research methods specific to such approaches. In other words, is there a social constructionist or feminist method? Schwandt (1994), in discussing constructivist, interpretivist approaches to human enquiry, commented that “what is unusual about the approaches cannot be explained through an examination of their methods. They are principally concerned with matters of knowing and being, not method per se” (p.118). Feminists have also considered that it is the methodology and outcomes rather than the methods which define the research as being feminist. Nonetheless, while feminists have adopted a variety of methods, they have tended to prefer qualitative...
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...the NCLEX, graduates are well-informed to accomplish physical evaluations, and to administer medications. Nursing graduates from these degree programs are similarly well-informed of medical equipment and are proficient in life resuscitating procedures, such as wound care, lacerations, drains, cardiovascular oxygen transport. In today’s nursing environment, more and more are expected from nurses which includes more than just following physician’s orders and commencing IVs. (Forster, 2008)Today’s nurse should be able to make vital decisions regarding a patient’s care. (Forster, 2008)There are significant differences between programs that will ultimately influence nursing care and end-results for patients. (Clarke, Donaldson, 2008)This paper will review the differences in the competency levels of nursing graduates and their functions in an advancing, vigorous health care environment. Due to a shortage of nurses the ADN/ASN programs was established. (Mahaffey, 2002) Although the initiative was only to be a provisional solution, nevertheless the impact of these programs on the nursing profession has been nothing less than outstanding. (Mahaffey, 2002) Today, two thirds...
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...HIPAA INFORMATION SERIES HIPAA 101 For Health Care Providers’ Offices Article Summary The value of health care information exchange and interoperability Walker, J., Pan, E., Johnston, D., Adler-Milstein, J., Bates, D., Middleton, B., The value of health care information exchange and interoperability. Health Affairs: The Policy Journal of the Health Sphere, Web Exclusive, Jan. 19, 2005. Accessed Jan. 22, 2006. http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/content/full/hlthaff.w5.10/DC1. The selected article for summarization was prepared by the researchers to access the value of electronic health care information exchange and interoperability (HIEI) between providers (hospitals and medical groups) and independent providers (laboratories, radiology centers, payers, pharmacies, public health departments, etc). The use of information technology by health care providers is intensifying rapidly with President Bush’s support of nation adoption of electronic medical records within the next decade. In addition to the digitizing of patient’s data, information sharing between providers is being explored by policymakers. The concept of interoperability, or the flow of administrative and clinical data between users, software and hardware, encourages information technology investment and health care reform. Research hypothesis The researchers’ hypothesis was “the clinical benefits of electronic data exchange would be substantial and that financial benefits would outweigh costs”. Methodology ...
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...of Operations Management 20 (2002) 121–134 The service concept: the missing link in service design research? Susan Meyer Goldstein a,∗ , Robert Johnston b , JoAnn Duffy c , Jay Rao d a c Department of Operations and Management Science, University of Minnesota, 321 19th Avenue S, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA b Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK Gibson D. Lewis Center for Business and Economic Development, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341-2056, USA d Management Division, Babson College, Babson Park, MA 02457, USA Abstract The service concept plays a key role in service design and development. But while the term is used frequently in the service design and new service development literature, surprisingly little has been written about the service concept itself and its important role in service design and development. The service concept defines the how and the what of service design, and helps mediate between customer needs and an organization’s strategic intent. We define the service concept and describe how it can be used to enhance a variety of service design processes. As illustrations here, we apply the service concept to service design planning and service recovery design processes. Employing the service concept as an important driver of service design decisions raises a number of interesting questions for research which are discussed here. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Service concept;...
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...EACHER OF THE Y EAR M A K I N G A D I F F E R E N C E – S H A P I N G T H E F U T U R E SARAH BROWN WESSLING 2010 Iowa Teacher of the Year Johnston High School Johnston, IA School profile: Students in district: Students in building: Suburban 5700 1250 Teaching area: Teaching level: Years in teaching: Years in present position: 2010 National Teacher of the Year Sarah Brown Wessling English 10 - 12 11 10 Page 1 II. Educational History and Professional Development Activities: DEEPENING THE LAYERS ACADEMIC BACKGROUND Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. Master of Arts, August, 2003. • MAJOR: English. Specialization: Literature. • THESIS TITLE: Using Literary Theory in an Advanced Placement English Classroom. • AWARDS: o Excellence in Research for Master's thesis, 2003. o Albert Walker Excellence in English Award, 2003. o Critical Writing Award (for critical scholarship), 2003. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. Bachelor of Arts, Graduated with distinction, May 1998. • MAJOR: English Education. • Honors: o Phi Beta Kappa Liberal Arts and Sciences Honor Society, 1998. o Mortar Board Honor Society, VICE PRESIDENT, 1997-1998. o Phi Kappa Phi International Honor Society, 1997-1998. o Kappa Delta Pi, FOUNDATION REPRESENTATIVE, 1997-1998. o Golden Key National Honor Society, 1996-1998. o Dean's List: 1995-1998. EMPLOYMENT HISTORY Johnston Community School District, Johnston, Iowa. • High School English teacher, 1999-present...
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...process-based framework should provide deeper insight into achieving success with CRM strategy and implementation. ver the past decade, there has been an explosion of interest in customer relationship management (CRM) by both academics and executives. However, despite an increasing amount of published material, most of which is practitioner oriented, there remains a lack of agreement about what CRM is and how CRM strategy should be developed. The purpose of this article is to develop a process-oriented conceptual framework that positions CRM at a strategic level by identifying the key crossfunctional processes involved in the development of CRM strategy. More specifically, the aims of this article are cize the severe lack of CRM research that takes a broader, more strategic focus. The article does not explore people issues related to CRM implementation....
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...process-based framework should provide deeper insight into achieving success with CRM strategy and implementation. ver the past decade, there has been an explosion of interest in customer relationship management (CRM) by both academics and executives. However, despite an increasing amount of published material, most of which is practitioner oriented, there remains a lack of agreement about what CRM is and how CRM strategy should be developed. The purpose of this article is to develop a process-oriented conceptual framework that positions CRM at a strategic level by identifying the key crossfunctional processes involved in the development of CRM strategy. More specifically, the aims of this article are O cize the severe lack of CRM research that takes a broader, more strategic focus. The article does not explore people issues related to CRM implementation. Customer...
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...historically referred to grass-roots organized, anti-establishment and unlicensed all night dance parties, featuring electronically-produced dance music (EDM), such as techno, house, trance and drum and bass. Since their late 1980s origins in the U.K., raves have gained widespread popularity and transformed dramatically. Consequently, their many cultural traits and behaviors have garnered much sociological interest, which mostly falls into two competing perspectives: cultural studies and public health. In this paper, we review what raves look like today compared to their high point in the 1990s. We then discuss how the cultural studies and public health perspectives define raves and have studied them over time, focusing on the “pet” sociological concepts each has sought to advance. Our analysis of these literatures reveals important differences in rave research by country and over time. We end by discussing the politics associated with the shift in rave research. Introduction Society has been greatly influenced by many alternative scenes, subcultures, or lifestyles oriented around music, youth and young adults (Epstein 1998). Some of the more notable ones include the English punk scene in the 1970s- 1980s, the U.S. jazz (1930s-1940s) and hippie scenes (1970s), and the 1990s rave scenes in the U.K. and U.S. From them have come musical innovation, social identity, fashion and other aesthetic nuances, and mainstream and alternative cultural production. Increasingly...
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...(2007) xxx–xxx www.elsevier.com/locate/jom Sustainable supply chains: An introduction Jonathan D. Linton a,*, Robert Klassen b, Vaidyanathan Jayaraman c a Paul Desmarais Professor in the Management of Technological Enterprises, School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. K1N 6N5, Canada b Ivey School of Management, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Canada c Department of Management, School of Business, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA Abstract Consideration is given to the convergence of supply chains and sustainability. In doing so, the focus on environmental management and operations is moved from local optimization of environmental factors to consideration of the entire supply chain during the production, consumption, customer service and post-disposal disposition of products. This is a critical and timely topic that captures increasing concerns over sustainability, whether driven by current legislation, public interest, or competitive opportunity. As such, sustainable development is a rich area for academic research that is still in its infancy and has the potential to affect future government policy, current production operations, and identify new business models. This paper provides a background to better understand current trends in this multidisciplinary field that intersect with operations management, and the research opportunities and challenges it presents. # 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Supply chain; Sustainability;...
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...development are critical for a firm’s survival and growth (Penrose, 1995) and have stated that one of the core competencies needed to develop new technologies is the ability to assimilate and recombine knowledge in unique combinations (Rosenkopf and Nerkar, 2001). Simply put, successful innovation and new product development require the ability to create and use new knowledge to offer novel products or services to customers. Research indicates that firms who possess prior experience are in a better position to innovate (Carroll et al., 1996; Henderson and Cockburn, 1994; Klepper and Simons 2000; Nerkar and Roberts, 2004). Prior studies have also highlighted the importance of knowledge and experience in enabling firms to successfully adapt to changes in technology (Bartel and Lichtenberg, 1987, 1991; Siegel, 1999; Siegel et al., 1997). This stream of literature specifically states that a firm’s technological and product-market experience enables it to “combine knowledge elements into valuable new products” (Nerkar and Roberts, 2004). Although this research stream makes valuable contributions to the innovation literature, it...
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...Running head: THE RISE OF DIGITAL JOURNALISM COLLAPSE OF PRINT MEDIA 1 The Democratization of Journalism Alan B Egge University of Maryland University College The internet has fundamentally changed how news is distributed by democratizing the creation and consumption of news. It has allowed news to be published and read by anybody at little to no cost. Print media has struggled to hold their own against a ubiquitous and often free competitor. Advertising revenue for the ten largest newspaper companies peaked at $48.7 Billion in 2000 and has since plummeted to $23.9 Billion in 2012. The 2012 figure includes revenue from digital versions of the papers but this adaptation has not stymied the decline. On the surface, these numbers suggest that Neil Postman's claim in Amusing Ourselves to Death, that America was fulfilling Aldous Huxley's vision of a world where, “no Big Brother is required to deprive people of their autonomy, maturity and history. As [Huxley] saw it, people will come to love their oppression, to adore the technologies that undo their capacity to think.” (xix) Newspapers have historically been the most important technology to make one think so is does their decline spell our decline into an isolated, apathetic dystopia? To the contrary, I believe the collapse of the newspaper and the rise of internet journalism is creating a better informed and more socially aware society. Digital media is doing precisely the opposite of what Huxley, Postman and much of the...
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