PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

a) List and explain the four basic functions of managers. The 4 basic functions of managers are:-
i) Planning and Decision Making
- Setting the organization’s goals and deciding how best to achieve them. Managers need to plan so that worker’s activities are consistent with the organization’s goal the correct type and amount of resources can be acquired. Planning requires information, judgment and decision-making ii) Organizing
- Determining how best to group activities and resources. Organizing also means creating and organizational structure that is suitable for the achievement of the agreed. iii) Leading
- Motivating members of the organization to work in the best interest of the organization iv) Controlling and Monitoring
- Correcting ongoing activities to facilitate goal attainment

b) List and explain the 3 levels of management in an organization.
The 3 levels of management in an organization are:-
i) First-line Managers
- They supervise and coordinate the activities of operating employees. Mush of their work involves personally checking the work of subordinates and helping them solve problems (e.g. supervisor, office manager) ii) Middle Managers
- They primarily take the goals and strategies designed by top managers and put them into effect (e.g. plant manager, operations managers) iii) Top Managers
- A small number of executives who control the organization by setting its goals, overall strategy and operating policies (e.g. CEO, president)
1. a) Explain the three responsibilities required of a supervisor.
The three responsibilities required of a supervisor are as below:-
i) Upward Responsibilities to Higher Management
- Ascertain and carry out what senior manager want done.
- Keep his immediate supervisors aware of what his section/unit without ‘passing the buck’. ii) Parallel Responsibilities to