A PROJECT REPORT ON
ROLE OF GIS IN POWER TRANSMISSION
CASE STUDY OF THE KENYA ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION COMPANY,

BY
David M. Kariuki

To

Central Institute of Rural Electrification
International training program on upgrades of power utilities management using it/automated solutions. 29-10-2012 to 23-11-2012

CONTENTS CONTENTS...................................................................................... i 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................... iii 2 MY EXPERIENCE ..................................................................... iv 3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................... v 4 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES. ............................................. vi 5 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1 5.1 Background.......................................................................... 1 5.2 Mandate ............................................................................... 1 5.3 Core Functions ..................................................................... 2 5.4 KETRACO PROJECTS .......................................................... 5 5.4.1 NATIONAL GRID PROJECTS ........................................... 6 5.4.2 REGIONAL POWER INTERCONNECTIONS. ..................... 7 5.4.3 AFRICAN POWER POOLS ................................................ 8 5.4.4 AFRICAN POWER POOLS – (INTERCONNECTORS) .......... 9 6 SCOPE OF PROJECT .............................................................. 10 6.1 GIS (Formal Definition). ...................................................... 10 6.2 Why is GIS important to KETRACO?................................... 10 6.3 LIDAR TECHNOLOGY – FIRST IN THE REGION. ................ 12 6.3.1 Analyzing LIDAR............................................................ 13 6.4 3D Viewing and “Fly Through” ............................................ 14 6.5 Power line Profiling. ............................................................ 14 6.6 Overlay and 3D. ................................................................. 15 6.7 Aerial Photography ............................................................. 17 6.8 View shed analysis. ............................................................ 19 7 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION ........................................................ 20 7.1 CHALLENGES .................................................................... 20 i 8 SOLUTIONS DESCRIPTION ..................................................... 21 8.1 WAY FORWAD .................................................................... 21 8.1.1 ArcGIS Desktop Standard Software (Formerly ArcEditor) 22 8.1.2 The GIS for Server Solution ........................................... 22 Mobile GIS Solution ............................................................ 24 8.1.3 ArcGIS Mobile ............................................................... 26 8.1.4 Increase the Value of Your GIS Data .............................. 26 8.1.5 Perform Real-Time Data Editing in the Field .................. 27 8.1.6 Seamless Mobile Integration .......................................... 27 9 CONCLUSION. ........................................................................ 28 9.1 Description ......................................................................... 28 10 11 12 APPENDIX I : COURSE CONTENT ......................................... 30 APPENDIX II : LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ................................. 32 REFERENCES. ..................................................................... 33

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1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
As a start, I’d like to thank the Almighty God, Jehovah, for having granted me the opportunity, the grace, the time, the ability and resources to successful participate in this International Training Programme. I would also like to thank the Governments of India and the Governments of Kenya, through the ministry of external affairs and ministry of Energy, respectively, for facilitating such a great programme. The Knowledge dispensed was invaluable and the learning curve was great. I extended my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my employer, the KENYA ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION COMPANY (KETRACO), for the opportunity and availing all necessary resources required for this training programme. I would also like to extend my appreciation to the Director, Entire Staff, and Faculty of Central institute of Rural Electrification for coordinating and facilitating a very well organized four week programme. Your dedication, sacrifice and zeal were evident thought the entire stay. Finally, I would like to thank my Wife, for always being supportive thought all my endeavors.

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2 MY EXPERIENCE
I wish to note that my Experience in India has been quite beneficial. The learning curve was huge, and the knowledge dispensed was invaluable. I feel my Knowledge and experience in the field of IT and Engineering field has greatly been enhanced. My Interaction with other participants from other countries and cultures was a great plus and a value add. Finally, I acknowledge India to be a wonderful and beautiful place with a very rich culture and heritage. The tours exposed us to a side of the country that was a brilliant experience. I feel lucky and privileged to see and experience this. I will not forget HYDEREBAD and its chicken Biryani in a long time.

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3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
1. KETRACO COMPANY 2. KPLC 3. GIS 4. LIDAR 5. 3D 6. LAN 7. WAN 8. GPS 9. GNSS KENYA ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION KENYA POWER & LIGHTING CO. LTD GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM LIGHT DETECTION AND RANGING THREE DIMENSIONAL LOCAL AREA NETWORK WIDE AREA NETWORK GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

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4 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES.
Fig 1 - KETRACO Relationship with other subsector partners and institutions. Fig 2. KETRACO National Grid Projects. (Transmission Lines) Fig 3. Regional Interconnectors (High Voltage Transmission Lines) Fig 4. African Power pools. Fig 5: African Power Pools showing Connectors. Fig 6. How GIS is being used in KETRACO. Fig 7: Mapping of Transmission Lines using LIDAR Technology. Fig 8: Analyzing Lidar Data Using ArcGIS Fig 9:3D Viewing in ArcGIS. Fig 10 Power line Profiling Using ArcGIS. Fig 11: Using Overlay and 3D in ArcGIS. Fig 12: Ariel Photography. Fig 13: Geo-referencing property information. Fig 14: View Shed analysis Fig 15: ArcGIS Server Solution Architecture

Table 1. Area Property information. Table 2: ArcGIS Server Functionality Matrix

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5 INTRODUCTION
5.1 Background The Kenya Electricity Transmission Co. Ltd. (KETRACO) was incorporated in December 2008 under the Company’s Act Cap 486 as a state corporation wholly-owned by the Government. The Company was established to develop new high voltage electricity transmission infrastructure that will form the backbone of the National Transmission Grid and regional interconnectors, in line with Kenya Vision 2030.This is aimed at shielding electricity consumers from the higher retail tariffs. The Company will construct over 5,000 km. of high voltage transmission infrastructure (132 kV and above) comprising of lines, switch gear and sub-stations across the country in the medium term i.e. by 2014. This will open up geographical areas without access to the national grid, enhance capacity for evacuating power from planned generating plants and build inter-connectors to facilitate regional power trade with neighboring countries. 5.2 Mandate KETRACO’s mandate is to plan, design, construct, operate and maintain new high voltage electricity transmission infrastructure that will form the backbone of the National Transmission Grid.

In carrying out this mandate, the Company is expected to develop a new and robust grid system in order to: a) Improve quality and reliability of electricity supply throughout the country b) Transmit electricity to areas that are currently not supplied from the national grid c) Evacuate power from planned generation plants

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d) Provide a link with the neighboring countries in order to facilitate power exchange and develop electricity trade in the region e) Reduce transmission losses that currently cost the country heavily every year f) Reduce the cost of electricity to the consumer by absorbing the capital cost of transmission infrastructure.

5.3 Core Functions Arising from its mandate, the Company’s core functions are: a) Planning the National Electricity Transmission Grid; b) Financial resource mobilization for high voltage transmission infrastructure; c) Design of power transmission infrastructure; d) Building/construction of power transmission infrastructure; e) Operationalization of the transmission infrastructure system; f) Maintenance of high voltage power transmission infrastructure; g) Facilitating power trade; and h) Management of project contractors/consultants

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Vision 2030 states that; “….. Energy is one of the infrastructural enablers of the three “pillars” of Vision 2030……. The challenges facing the power sub-sector include:  A weak power transmission and distribution infrastructure,  High cost of power,  Low per capita power consumption and low countrywide electricity access.”

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RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER SUB-SECTOR INSTITUTIONS

Fig 1

In the next four years the company is expected to construct over 4,000 km of high voltage transmission infrastructure at an estimated cost of US $ 1,300 Million.

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These transmission line projects include: • • • • 132kV – 1500 km 220kV –700km 400kV – 1,000 km 500kV – 700 km

5.4 KETRACO PROJECTS These are broadly categorised into:  Electricity access projects  System strengthening projects  Power evacuation projects  Regional Interconnection Projects  Projects Undergoing Feasibility Studies

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5.4.1

NATIONAL GRID PROJECTS

Fig 2.

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5.4.2

REGIONAL POWER INTERCONNECTIONS.

Fig 3.

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5.4.3

AFRICAN POWER POOLS

Fig 4

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5.4.4

AFRICAN POWER POOLS – (INTERCONNECTORS)

Fig 5.

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6 SCOPE OF PROJECT
6.1 GIS (Formal Definition). An organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel designed to effectively capture, store, manipulate, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information. GIS is currently deployed in KETRACO, and it assists the organization in the following ways:     Decision Support Act as an Organization Wide Knowledge Management tool Aid in Budgeting Aid in Performance Measurement and Accountability

Current deployment includes only Single User licenses of ArcGIS 10.0. 6.2 Why is GIS important to KETRACO? 1. Integrates different types of data – ArcGIS, CAD, Raster, Vector, Graphic, Excel etc. 2. Improves accuracy of information 3. Accelerates understanding of situations 4. Increases the intrinsic value of all information 5. Creates actionable intelligence 6. Support Decision Making 7. Manage Assets and Resources 8. Streamlining Business Processes
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Fig 6 .How is GIS being used in KETRACO

Asset Management

Utility Coordination

Visualization

Capital Planning

Inspections

Route Optimization

Mobile Collaboration and navigation

Organization wide data sharing

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6.3 LIDAR TECHNOLOGY – FIRST IN THE REGION. LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging, also LADAR) is an optical remote sensing technology that can measure the distance to, or other properties of, a target by illuminating the target with light, often using pulses from a laser. KETRACO, is currently using ArcGIS for analysis and geoprocessing of aerial survey data (LiDAR), cadastral Data, and other transmission line route data to improving functional efficiency to the Organization We adopted Lidar Technology as an efficient and effective tool in the planning and management of Transmission Power Line and corridor assets Mapping over 2000km corridor in 10 months

Fig 7:
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6.3.1

Analyzing LIDAR

Fig 8: • Point File Information Tool - Inputs files (LAS and ASCII) and folders of files and outputs a polygon feature class.

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6.4 3D Viewing and “Fly Through” 3D Viewing provides advanced visualization, analysis, and surface generation tools. Using ArcGIS 3D Analyst, you can view large sets of data in three dimensions from multiple viewpoints, query a surface, and create a realistic perspective image that drapes raster and vector data over a surface.

3D Viewing

Fig 9

6.5 Power line Profiling. Profiles show the change in elevation of a surface (raster, TIN, or terrain) along a line. They can help you assess the difficulty of a trail or evaluate the feasibility of placing a rail line along a given route.

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Below is an example of Transmission Power lines profiling.

Fig 10; 6.6 Overlay and 3D. Weighted overlay is a technique for applying a common scale of values to diverse and dissimilar input to create an integrated analysis. The ArcGIS 3D Analyst extension provides tools for threedimensional (3D) visualization, analysis, and surface generation. With 3D Analyst, users can:
  

View a surface from multiple viewpoints. Query a surface. Create realistic perspective imaging.
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  

Examine the visual impact of building new structures. Analyze atmospheric, surface, and subsurface pollution dispersion. Visualize the income distribution in their community.

3D Analyst also provides tools for three-dimensional modeling and analysis, such as viewshed and line-of-sight analysis; spot height interpolation; profiling; steepest path determination; and contouring.

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Fig 11 6.7 Aerial Photography Aerial photography is the taking of photographs of the ground from an elevated position. The term usually refers to images in which the camera is not supported by a ground-based structure True color digital photography (0.02m Resolution)

Fig 12:

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General Boundary’s geo-referenced using aerial photography KETRACO. An example of property information of Geographical boundaries that is geo-referenced using aerial photography.
Property Information

Fig 13 Plot No. Plot Area (acres) Timboroa settlement/54 Timboroa settlement/77 Timboroa settlement/99 Way leave Area (acres) 1 2 3 39.847 2.609 6.548 1.234 Phyllis Chepkonga & Another* Japheth R.Kipchichir* Samson Rotich * Owner

13.007 2.658

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Table 1 6.8 View shed analysis. A viewshed is an area that is visible from a specific location based on elevation values of a DEM. Viewshed analyses are a common function of most GIS software. The analysis uses the elevation value of each cell of the DEM to determine visibility to or from a particular cell. KETRACO uses View Shed analysis for Quick Line of Sight analysis. quick line of sight analysis.

Fig 14

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7 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
7.1 CHALLENGES In striving to attain the laid down objectives and the core mandate, KETRACO faces the following challenges:  Lack of a common repository for all the existing and upcoming transmission lines and that will enable all the data for KETRACO be centrally accessed by all the stake holders including development partners and policy makers.  Limited real time spatial and attribute information updating mechanisms on all assets in the country in terms of scheduled maintenance dates, scheduled completion dates and the type of materials used on the assets.  Dependency on maps from other organizations which may not specifically focus on KETRACO’s key objectives and activities e.g. RIM maps  Difficulty in field mobility and management due to the large area of operation involved, since KETRACO’s assets are spread all over the country  Need to use mapping GPS handsets as a way of spatial mapping, data updating and field analysis.  Lack of a platform for visualizing Ketraco’s design projects.

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8 SOLUTIONS DESCRIPTION
8.1 WAY FORWAD KETRACO’s seeks to integrated the current GIS deployment with the use of the following technology: 1. ArcGIS for Desktop Software and upgrade of existing software’s and licenses . – for data analysis and creation of services (including 3D analyst extension for analyzing terrain data to determine what can be seen from different observation points and aid critical decision making for corridor alignment. 2. ArcGIS for Server standard Enterprise – for enterprise geodatabase management, publishing and serving Map services and data on the web and also for GPS collaboration. 3. Mobile GIS Solution 4. Training

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8.1.1 ArcGIS Desktop Standard Software (Formerly ArcEditor) Latest Version (10.1) ArcGIS Desktop Standard is a powerful GIS desktop system for editing and managing geographic data. It includes advanced editing tools in comparison to ArcGIS for Desktop Basic to ensure the quality of your data. ArcGIS Desktop Standard supports single-user and multiuser editing, allowing you to disconnect from the database and edit in the field. Key Features  Allow multiple users to simultaneously modify and edit data.  Build and maintain spatial relationships between features using topology rules and a process called validation.  Support multiple workflows, manage work order processing, and implement QA procedures for validating edits.  Monitor the database over time and evaluate what-if scenarios.  Perform raster-to-vector conversion and create data from scanned maps.

8.1.2 The GIS for Server Solution KETRACO proposes to source for ArcGIS for Server Standard enterprise, it will host unlimited amount of data at the same time allow a multiple number of users to access the system at any one time. Below is a table showing functionality differences between basic, Standard (which is the proposed option) and Advanced.

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Table 2: ArcGIS Server Functionality Matrix Editions Functionality Geodatabase Management GIS Web Services Web Mapping Applications Mobile Applications Web Editing Geoprocessing Advanced Geoprocessing With Extensions Geodata Service Basic Standard Advanced

It will offer open access to extensive GIS capabilities that enables one to publish and share geographic data, maps, analyses, and models through an Intranet / Internet solution. KETRACO will use ArcGIS Server to centralize its geographic data in a centralized data repository, integrate with other data e.g. population, natural resources and other available resources, areas of interest and their related attributes, the summary in terms of graphs pie charts for the executives, project type, project details and share its geographic
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data and maps within the organization through a LAN, other stakeholders through the Internet as shown below:

Figure 15: ArcGIS Server Solution Architecture Mobile GIS Solution Mobile GIS is the expansion of GIS technology from the office into the field. It enables field personnel to capture, store, and update, manipulate, analyze, and display geographic Information. Mobile GIS integrates three essential components; Global

Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), rugged handheld computers, and GIS software. Bringing these technologies together makes the enterprise database directly accessible to field based personnel whenever and wherever it is required.

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It would be essential for KETRACO to adopt a robust Mobile GIS system in order to reduce on field paper-based procedures and foster real-time collaboration between field and office teams. Other activities KETRACO will benefit from Mobile GIS include: Field Map View —The mobile workforce will be able to view the spatial distribution of assets and query their information/attributes which will in turn add value to field decisions. By adding navigational support using GPS, KETRACO field staff can use map locations to zero in on information for field tasks or incidences which have been generated from the sales and technical teams. With the use of the proposed system, managers will be able to manage work-orders by having a visual on field team locations that in turn will be able to collaborate among themselves since they can also monitor their locations among themselves. Field Inspection—Field crews will have the ability to inspect assets in the field (for example, Pylons, fiber routes etc.). They will report on each asset's condition and operational status, often taking a picture of the asset and using GPS to improve locational accuracy of features in the GIS. Field Data Collection—Collection of new information in the field with a streamlined data collection workflow is a common task. Field teams will be able to build on the network by adding assets that may not be existing in the already established digital network.

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Mobile GIS solutions enable field workers to complete their tasks by either providing a set of capabilities in a generic, map-centric application framework that requires the field worker to discover how to use, or as a workflow-driven configurable application that will guide the field worker through their tasks. The following products will be integrated with the field solution.

1. Trimble GeoXH handheld (with Tornado Antenna) 2. Trimble GPS Analyst 3. ArcPad Field software (with GPScorrect) 4. Trimble Juno 3D Handheld GPS 5. ArcGIS Mobile field mapping software

8.1.3 ArcGIS Mobile ArcGIS Mobile extends the reach of ArcGIS from the office to the field. ArcGIS Mobile can improve the accuracy and currency of an enterprise GIS. The maps and enterprise data being managed can be accessed on mobile devices in the field and allow for the collection of new GIS features, update of existing GIS features, or simply leverage GIS information in existing field workflows. Additional benefits KETRACO will accrue from ArcGIS mobile are: 8.1.4 Increase the Value of Your GIS Data ArcGIS Mobile will help KETRACO take GIS to the field where new data e.g. base station, location, structural condition and current state (fuel levels etc.) can easily be collected and updated to reflect
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real-time conditions. This will increase accuracy using intuitive collection tools integrated with Trimble 3D Global Positioning Systems and improve currency using wireless networks to quickly update your office server. Field and office workers can make better decisions with latest and most accurate data. 8.1.5 Perform Real-Time Data Editing in the Field KETRACO will have the ability to synchronize directly with ArcGIS Server when connected to a wireless or wired network. This will allow both office and field personnel to instantly view and work with updates made by any field staff who are also connected to the network. 8.1.6 Seamless Mobile Integration KETRACO will have a scalable platform whereby you will be able to customize ArcGIS mobile to suit their current and future workflows and field requirements. You will have the ability to deploy out of the box application for Trimble Juno 3D Mobile devices or quickly build custom applications using a Software Development Kit for your GPS devices supporting Microsoft .NET Framework. You can choose to leverage the specific application functionality needed by your mobile workers, improving their ease of use and increasing field productivity.

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9 CONCLUSION.
9.1 Description The proposed ArcGIS for Server System with integrated mobility will simplify access to GIS services for KETRACO’s staff (both office and field), as well as knowledge workers without any GIS experience. KETRACO will stay in control of its content through centralized management of spatial data, including survey data and imagery. ArcGIS for server will also provide you with a full range of GIS server capabilities that allow you to transform the maps, imagery, data, and GIS tools that you commonly use in ArcGIS for Desktop into fast, reliable Web services that you can use anywhere. You will hence be able to use these services to support a wide variety of mapping applications, either on the Web or your local network. The proposed solution aims to deliver the following direct benefits:  Development of a geo-information database that will host all the information i.e. the location and description of the transmission lines through the whole country, Amalgamation of other supportive databases like the roads, population, administrative boundaries, water bodies, distribution lines and stations will also be leveraged into the system.  The database to be centrally accessed by all the stake holders and selected public/staff through the Web and LAN so as to enable effective decision making and collaboration between departments.
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 Development of an effective field to office workflow that will enable the field personnel to update the location and attribute information regarding transmission lines any other information required in a fast efficient manner to the central database hosted by the ArcGIS for Server.  The system will integrate geographic data with tabular data and all other data including financial data regarding the operations of particular KETRACO lines.  Managing data from subcontractors and visualizing project progress.  The system will enable the converted documents from hard copy to soft copy e.g. RIM maps, survey plans, sketch notes to be centrally hosted so as to be accessed by all the stake holders easily.

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10 APPENDIX I : COURSE CONTENT
A general overview of the one month training course is shown below. Week 1        Registration & Inauguration Familiarization session(s) Indian heritage ,culture , political & society MIS Concepts & Development Basic of Electricity-Generation, Transmission & Distribution Application of IT in Power sector-benefits of implementing IT solutions Transformation of Power utilities-Road Map-policy initiatives in Indian Power Sector such as Electricity Act-2003,National electricity policy, RGGVY and R-APDRP enabling IT IT in Transmission, SCADA applications, Substation Automation & Integration Communication Technologies including PLCC and protocols, standards Advancements in Communication Technologies-Trends in Wireless Technology Open Access, Power Trading & Energy Exchange

   

Week 2  Application of IT for reduction of technical losses-Short Term & Long Term Measures including HVDS  Smart Metering ,AMR, Revenue protection, Metering & Billing  SCADA, Hard Components-Application, Distribution Automation  Field Visit to ULDC & SCADA at 400kV Mamidpally Substation  IT application in Generation-power plant control systemsproject management-EPR packages  ERP(SAP-HR,MM,Fin)
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 Security Measures and compliance for IT processes  Field Visit to Dr.NTTPS(VTPS) Week 3  Application of IT in Energy Audit & Accounting, ConsumerIndexing  IT applications in Tendering/Bid Process: e-procurement & Case study  IT applications in Mapping of power networks-Introduction to Geographical Information System(GIS) and Global Positioning System(GPS) Technologies-Survey of Power Networks –Asset Management  Field Visit to CHAMUDESHWARI Electricity Supply Corporation Limited(CESC)

Week 4  Project Selection by participants  IT applications in performance monitoring and planning in Distribution  Grid Management-Smart grid-Field Visit  IT applications in Regulatory issues(Electricity Regulatory Commissions)  Visit to APCPDCL Trouble Call Management System(TCMS) and Consumer Service Centre (CSC)  Project Preparation by participants  Valediction

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11 APPENDIX II : LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
12 participants from different countries have followed the training course on the upgrades of Power Utility Management through IT/Automated solutions. The list of participants is given below: Country MYANMAR Mr. Bo Ye Mr. Kais Alrefaei SYRIA Mr Mohamad Laila Mr. Blessings Richard Phariwa MALAWI Mr Shepherd Moses Kaludzu Mr. David Macharia Kariuki KENYA Mr. Gilbert Milgo Kibet EGYPT Mr. Hady Abdelfattah Ramadan Mr. Baraa Tawfiq Mahmoo IRAQ Mr. Zaid Thahab Falih Albo Sulayhi MAURITIUS Mr. Jeetendrya Seetohul Participants

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12 REFERENCES.
    KETRACO STRATEGIC PLAN FOR 2012-2015 KENYA VISION 2030 ROADMAP DOCUMENT KETRACO ICT POLICY PRESENTATIONS BY KETRACO.

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