...Developing countries and developed countries differ greatly when it comes to the role that women play in the society, politics and economics. In fact, what seems to distinguish developing countries most from developed ones is the education level, responsibilities, quality of life, legal rights, economic status and occupation,(if any) of the women in that country. For example, in the developing country of India, women are very low on the totem pole of society, while in a more developed country such as Japan, women have a much more active role in society and are virtually equal to men. In the developing country of India, women are left to do the work of maintain the household by performing menial tasks of subsistence farming and raising children. They are often the most exploited and least privileged person in the house (Park). Being a woman in India is a dangerous thing for several reasons. Economically it is more taxing to have a girl than it is to have a boy because if you have a girl then you have to pay a dowry to the man’s family who she is to be married to. In India all ways of telling the sex of a baby have been banned from use because many families will perform an abortion on the baby if it turns out that it is a girl. Also, if the mother can’t produce a boy, she is in great jeopardy of being killed. This is called a Dowry Death, and a 1997 report claimed that there are at least five thousand “Dowry Deaths” a year. This type of thinking is embedded in...
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...Gender Roles in India: How do the Men and Women of India live the way they do? Gender roles in India are very controversial as seen from the eyes of a westerner. Many though however view this as culture and tradition. In India, the women are controlled almost completely by the men in their families. They also have to pay a lot of respect to the men in their culture in general. The women must follow the commands of her father first, after him her husband, and lastly her son. Although she must obey these men the restrictions do not end there. After a woman’s husband dies she does not have independence and she is not allowed to remarry. These are the values that are taught to the woman in India and are respected by the men in the country. Starting off with the value of respect, it dates back to the caste system. Generally most Indian communities do not respect the fact where families do not accept lower caste systems into their own. The caste system can be described as segregation in a way. The categories of segregation are Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra. The Brahmans were considered the priests and educated class, the Kshatriya were considered the land owners, rulers and fighters of their town, they dominated the government, and their superiority level was just under the Brahmins. The Vaishya were considered the trader class and the Shudra were servile laborers. What the caste system did was that it...
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...Gender Roles in Classical Greece, Rome, India and China The Classical Era was home to several civilizations; Greece, Rome, China and India, each with its own unique religion, philosophy, social order and gender roles. These Classical societies laid the foundation for future civilizations and in some cases their influence is still felt today. Women in this era were not equal to their male counterparts; however each Classical civilization had its own ideas about gender roles and the ways in which families should be developed. Women in Classical Greece played into society in their gender roles and the stability of society. Wives of the artisan class were to care for all things within their homes including managing the family budget, cooking and cleaning. Greece holds a sharp contrast to Roman, Chinese and Indian women in that the upper class elite women had the ability to become educated. Often families with wealth sent their daughters to get a proper formal education, while women in agricultural areas wove wool and took care of all matters of the home. As stated in “Aristotle: On a Good Wife” (Aristotle, The Politics & Economics of Aristotle), Aristotle describes the ways in which men and women of the Greek Classical Era should behave. Men in the family unit were to rule over their wives like a “divine” law. They also had to take great care in the way in which they shaped their wives, always in a discreet and mannerly way. Child rearing was the responsibility of both parents...
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...Environment Project LEADERSHIP : WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP POSITIONS Masters of Business Administration in Aviation Management Semester 3 Mukul Ringe, Reg No. 1042245 Deputy Chief Aircraft Engineer, Air India Limited Professor: Dr. Yvonne Ziegler 25 March 2014 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………5 1.1 Background …………………………………………………………5 1.2 Scope ………………………………………………………………..5 1.3 Structure of Report and Methodology …………………………...6 2. Women in Leadership Positions ……………………………………6 2.1 Women in Leadership in Indian Industry ………………………...6 2.2 Women in Leadership in world Industry ………………………….7 3. Higher education in women in India ……………………………….8 3.1 Sequential Growth ………………………………………………….8 3.2 Society perceptions and limitations ………………………………9 3.3 Government Initiatives ……………………………………………10 3.4 Economic Considerations ………………………………………..10 4. Carrier Family Balancing …………………………………………...10 4.1 Gender Discrimination ……………………………………………11 4.2 Historical Gender Bias ……………………………………………12 4.3 Duties of motherhood and Homemaker ………………………..12 5. Diversity Management Programs …………………………………12 5.1 Gender Diversity …………………………………………………..13 5.2 Diversity as a result of Religion, caste and Education ………..13 5.3 Managing Diversity ……………………………………………….13 6. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………14 References …………………………………………………………….15 Page i Table of Figures Figure 1: Positions held by women in Fortune 500 companies................8 Figure 2: Ratio of women directors...................
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...home to more than one thousand million individuals, India is world's biggest democracy. India is additionally one of the establishing members of the UN. It signed the declaration by the United Nations at Washington on 1 January 1942 and furthermore, took an interest in the notable UN convention in San Francisco from 25 April to 26 June 1945. India has reliably upheld the purposes and standards of the UN and has made huge commitments to authorizing the objectives of the UN charter, especially within the discipline of peacekeeping. Despite supporting the purposes and principles of the United Nations, India keeps on being not able to do to totally eradicate the issue of discrimination which perseveres at all the levels in all forms. Being a male-centric...
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...Women are generally perceived as home makers with little to do with economy or commerce. But this picture is changing. In Modern India, more and more women are taking up entrepreneurial activity especially in medium and small scale enterprises. Even as women are receiving education, they face the prospect of unemployment. In this background, self employment is regarded as a cure to generate income .The Planning commission as well as the Indian government recognizes the need for women to be part of the mainstream of economic development. Women entrepreneurship is seen as an effective strategy to solve the problems of rural and urban poverty. Traditionally, women in India have been generally found in low productive sectors such as agriculture and household activities. Human Development Report 2004 ranks India 103 in Gender related Development Index (GDI). As per 2001 census; women constitute nearly half of India’s population. Out of this total, 72% were engaged in agriculture, 21.7% in other non agricultural pursuits with only 6.3% in household industries. Women entrepreneurs in India are handicapped in the matter of organizing and running businesses on account of their generally low levels of skills and for want of support system. The transition from homemaker to sophisticated business woman is not that easy. But the trend is changing. Women across India are showing an interest to be economically independent. Women are coming forth to the business arena with ideas to...
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...Women in India constitute nearly 50% of its population. According to 1991 census, there were 40.6 crores of women as against 43.7 crores of men. Roughly, there are 929 women for every 1000 men. Man considers woman to be frail and weak by nature. She is shorter and delicate compared to the strongly build man. But man forgets that a woman is made so, so to play a specific fro in nature which a man cannot play, that is the role of the mother. In intelligence both are equal. Man is aggressive and emotional. A woman is patient, calm and receptive. She can bear more pain and has more tolerance than a man. She is stronger in conviction and in perseverance. Yet women all over the world are playing a secondary role only. The position in India is no different. Women were glorified in epics and puranas, for their service to their men. Serving a father first, secondly a husband, and later serving her children and grandchildren, had been her lot. Puranas mention the names of Seeta, Savitri and Anusuya and glorify them for their devote service to their husbands. They even say that a woman can easily get salvation by serving her husband. After Independence the Constitution of India gave equal rights to men and women in all walks of life. But even today one cannot say that all women in India enjoy equal rights with men in all matters. There are many reasons for this (1) the customs and traditions prevalent for centuries, (2) The high percentage of illiteracy among women, (3) Ignorance of...
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... ANT 101 November 16, 2009 Japanese and India Cultures All countries in the world are unique and differ greatly from one another. Even though, they have many differences, they still have many things in common. When one thinks of Japan and India, not many similarities come to mind. They may come up with similarities such as, Japan and India are both Asian countries and both have roots in Buddhism. But, actually they share several more cultural similarities. The Japanese culture and the Indian culture are similar in that they both believe in the importance of a joint family system, education and gender roles, but they differ greatly when it comes to marriages. In both Japan and India, the family is the most important social unit. It is not uncommon to have extended families living under one roof. The extended family would include members like one’s parents, children, the children’s spouses, their children and grandparents. The extended family system allows the older generation to share knowledge about the cultures and traditions of their country to the younger generation. Both Japan and India have strong gender roles that remain the cornerstone of the family responsibilities. Both countries, believe the men are the sole bread- winners and they are responsible for the financial security of the household. The women are responsible for all the household chores, raising the children, and being obedient to her...
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...“GEOGRAPHICAL DISTANCES HAMPERING WOMEN CAREER - A CORPORATE AND ‘THE WOMAN’ PERSPECTIVE” SHEETAL DAMEY PRIYANKA KHOSE TRUPTI MALGAONKAR H & GH MANSUKHANI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT 9922577556,9664867202, 9960745741 Sheetal0265@gmail.com, truptimalgaonkar@gmail.com priyankakhose@yahoo.co.in Abstract "Women account for one-half of the potential talent base throughout the world and therefore, over time, a nation's competitiveness depends significantly on whether and how it educates and utilizes its female talent," said Professor Klaus Schwab, founder and executive chairman of WEF. India has the lowest percentage of women employees (23%), followed by Japan (24%), Turkey (26%) and Austria (29%), according to the Corporate Gender Gap report brought out by the World Economic Forum on March 08, 2010. Work-life balance among women is now-a-days a crucial issue that many organizations are taking into consideration. When employees go back to their homes, they should not carry any organizational stress with them. A woman has two roles to play- personal and professional; each role having different set of demands. Such role demands are overlapping due to geographical issues. Women travelling 2-3 hours to reach workplace are having considerably high stress. This impact on performance pressure and losses for all concerned: the individual, the family and the organization. This leads to family–work conflict (FWC) and work–family conflict (WFC). FWC and WFC are more likely to...
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...Female in India Women were considered inferior to men in practical life. But in scriptures they were given high position. Thus in past, the status of women in India was not clear. It was theoretically high but practically low. Women were prohibited to take part in domestic as well as in external matter. They were under the influence of their parents before marriage and their husbands after marriage. The number of girls per 100 boys enrolled in different levels of school education is on the rise over the years, but the gap still continues well over 10 in primary education, more than 20 at middle level and secondary classes. Even when the school enrolment reduces considerably from primary to secondary level and above, both for boys and girls, the reduction is more for girls. The difference in the male and female primary enrolment has reduced to a great extent over the years but still there is a huge gap in the male and female literacy levels A section of Indian women-the elite and the upper middle class- have gained by the exposure to the global network. More women are engaged in business enterprises, in international platforms like the Inter-Parliamentary Union, and have greater career opportunities as a result of international network. Freer movement of goods and capital is helpful to this section. But most women continue to remain marginalized as they are generally employed in a chain of work and seldom allowed independent charge of her job. Sharing of responsibility at work...
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...WOMEN IN ANCIENT INDIA The sub-continent of India is both diverse in its history and geography. It was not until the Mauryan Empire in the third century b.c.e. when most of India was brought together under one ruling dynasty. Before the Mauryans there was the ancient era known as the Indus Valley or Harappan civilization, and then the invasion and settlement of the Aryans along the Ganges River plain. The Ganges and Indus Rivers are known as the mother and father of India. Other rivers traverse the land, which has a lot of desert regions, the mighty Himalayan Mountains, and the torrid and humid south where spices lured traders. Yearly monsoons interrupt the dry weather with its hot humidity. Today the countries of Pakistan and Bangladesh are separated from the state of India, but in the past there were an integral part of the culture. Many languages have served to separate the Indians, but Hinduism has been an uniting religious and cultural force in additional to the impact of Buddhism, Janism, and later Islam. Just recently India surpassed China as the most populated country in the world. Ancient India spans a vast period 2500 b.c.e.-250 b.c.e. Archaeology, ancient texts, and artifacts are being used to reconstruct the lives of women. “The earliest materials found by archaeological excavations suggest the worship of goddesses. The earliest recorded religious texts (ca. 1500 b.c.e.) call on the life-giving power of goddesses to give life and to nurture and sustain it.”...
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...WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP OF INDIA. A report prepared on the topic with the help of the below mentioned studies: * Empowering Women through Entrepreneurship: A study in Tamil Nadu, India -Geetha Sulur Nachimuthu and Barani Gunatharan. * Entrepreneurship Challenges and Opportunities in India - Dr.N. Santhi and S. Rajesh Kumar. * Some Critical Issues of Women Entrepreneurship in Rural India -VIJAY KUMBHAR (Department of Business Economics Dhananjayrao Gadgil, College of Commerce, India). * Women Entrepreneurship in India: Opportunities and Challenges- Gurendra Nath Bhardwaj, Swati Parashar, Dr. Babita Pandey. * Women Empowerment through Entrepreneurship: A Case Study of Guwahati Municipal Corporation- Marami Das, Faculty Member, Swadeshi Academy Jr. College Research Scholar, CMJ University, Shillong . INTRODUCTION: Women, the female member of the family is the backbone of emotional support who holds the family together. Social and economic development of women is necessary for the welfare of the society and also the Nation in turn. India being a well male dominated country, women are always considered backward and are not allowed to have various privileges. Many religions, even today, do not allow the women of the family to communicate with the rest of the world. Development of women would prove to be very positive in development of the Nation. The term “entrepreneurship” comes from the French verb “entreprendre” and the German word “unternehmen”...
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...as gender discrimination is meant only for women, because females are the only victims of gender discrimination. Females are nearly 50 percent of the total population but their representation in public life is very low. Recognizing women’s right and believing their ability are essential for women’s empowerment and development. This study deals with gender discrimination in India, its various forms and its causes. Importance of women in development, legislation for women and solution for gender discrimination are also discussed in this paper. Key Words: gender discrimination, women’s development, legislation for women, education, employment, economic independence, empowerment, decision making and self confidence. GENDER DISCRIMINATION AND WOMEN’S DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA Introduction Gender is a common term where as gender discrimination is meant only for women, because females are the only victims of gender discrimination. Gender discrimination is not biologically determined but it is determined by socially and the discrimination can be changed by the proper and perpetuate efforts. Denial of equality, rights and opportunity and suppresment in any form on the basis of gender is gender discrimination. Half of the world’s population is females. They are doing two-third of work of the total work in the world but received only one-tenth of the world’s total income. Nearly two-third of the women is illiterates and they have possessed only...
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...ST.JOSEPH'S COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES (AUTONOMOUS) LANGFORD ROAD, BANGALORE-560027 TERM PAPER STATUS OF WOMEN- THE "SECOND GENDER" IN INDIA SUBMITTED BY- NITHYA SURI NARAYAN 11 CEZ 3208 Mrs. Mini Mark Bonjour Department of English St. Josephs College (Autonomous) Bangalore-560027 Karanataka, India CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Ms.Nithya Suri Narayan (11 CEZ 3208) OF B.Sc. 3rd CEZ has completed the term paper, titled 'The Status of women- the "second gender" in India' under the guidance of Mrs. Mini Mark Bonjour (Department of English) for the partial fulfillment of the requirements of B.Sc. Course (Chemistry, Environmental Sciences, Zoology) during the academic year from 2013-2014 as prescribed by St.Joseph's College (Autonomous) Place: St.Joseph's College (Autonomous), Bangalore Date: Mrs.Mini Mark Bonjour Department of English St.Joseph's College of Arts and Sciences DECLARATION I hereby declare that the project entitled “Women- The 'Second Gender' of India ” submitted by me to the St. Joseph’s college Bangalore 560027 is based on the review of literature analysis , data analysis and interpretation carried out by me under the supervision of Mrs.Mini Mark Bonjour (English Dept.) The work embodied in the project either in part or full has not been previously submitted for any other degree course MENTOR'S SIGNATURE STUDENTS SIGNATURE (Mrs. Mini Mark Bonjour) ...
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...5/30/2014 Essay on the Growth of Women Entrepreneurship in India | Articles | Eng H OME A B OU T SI TE CONTENT QU A LI TY GU I DELI NES P U B LI SH A RTI CLE CONTA CT U S SU GGEST U S Essay on the Growth of Women Entrepreneurship in India SAMEER ARTICLES Last five decades have seen phenomenal changes in the status and work place diversity of women in India. Women entrepreneurs doming 50s fall into two categories. One set took to creating and managing an entrepreneurial activity where there was no income generating male. The second set took enormous courage to break through the social maps and coding to take. Charges of the business the husband had left or else her family would be the losers. In sixties women took small steps to start small one woman enterprises at home and from home for self occupation and engagement. The women in seventies opened up new frontiers and developed not only aspirations but ambitions for self employment and employment generation. These women wanted home, marriage, children as well as occupation. They accepted the share of the work and responsibilities for success and growth of their enterprise. They wanted their voices to be heard as leaders to employees and as managers of the enterprises to the outside business environment. However, all of them accepted both their social and occupation roles balancing between the two. In eighties, the number of women pursuing highly sophisticated technological and professional education...
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