...European Journal of Business and Management ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) Vol 4, No.8, 2012 www.iiste.org The Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development: The Nigerian Perspective Dr. Mrs Ann Ogbo AGU CHIDIEBERE NWACHUKWU Dept. Of management, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus. PMB 011 *E mail of the correspondence author: annogbo@yahoo.com brightchidi@yahoo.com Abstract The aim of the paper is to develop and analyse the contributions of entrepreneurship in the economic development through SME development in Nigeria. A total of 100 SMEs were randomly selected from a cross section of a population of all SMEs spread around some states of Nigeria and covering virtually all forms of enterprise. Participants were selected through a simple random sampling. The responses to the questionnaires were complemented with personal interviews of some SMEs operators. The responses of the participants were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), which generated the frequency distributions, means, standard deviations, chi-square statistics, analyses of variance, etc of the responses. The hypotheses of this research which were tested at 0.05 level of significance using chi-square statistics hinged on identifying the greatest problem which SMEs face in Nigeria, the identification and ranking of the top ten problems or challenges of SMEs in Nigeria and the relationship between the form and nature of the business enterprise and its sources of...
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...andy chuks Role of business in Economic Development in Nigeria[->0] Share This, Tweet, +1 or Recommend &&&&&&&&&The role of business or entrepreneurship in economic development in Nigeria is very crucial and forms the backbone of National development. Below are some of the roles played by business in developing the economy of Nigeria. - Employment Generation: In Nigeria privately own small, medium and large scale business has come to be known as major source employment creation, unlike pre independence era where government was the major employer. By doing this business has helped in reducing the rate of unemployment. Businesses employs people to help them achieve their aims and objectives, with the establishment of businesses in Nigeria unemployment rate have fallen to some extent. - Direct Creation of Wealth by Contribution to the Gross National Product (GNP): GNP is the total monetary value of all goods and services produced in a country within a particular year. Businesses contributes directly to this because with more businesses the GNP will increase, also as businesses grow GNP increases. A country's level of economic development in determined by its GNP. - Provision of Technical Innovation: Innovations has been engineering by businesses seeking to improve their products and services. These innovations has brought tremendous improvement in the economy of countries. - Providing Competition: Businesses compete among themselves to perform better, this competition...
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...essay, it would be found out that the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development is a multidirectional cycle, which means that they affect each other in two directions. From one direction, when there is a problem entrepreneurs would use innovation which comes from creativity to solve it by entrepreneurship. Innovation deliveries new industries or get exist industries developed and both of those actions will lead economic to develop. The births of new industries encourage people with entrepreneurship to organize new economics. From the other direction, the development of economic absorbs new investments. Those investments include not only labour, land and capital, but also innovation which can improve the new good or service. The development in new industry can also offer money or other capital to encourage people with creativity to innovate. Innovation can be protected by entrepreneurship because it relies on innovation. As Thomson Edison* said, his inventions were from seeing a worthwhile need to be met and trailed after it until it came. So it can be seen as innovations are from solving problem and creativity. As an entrepreneur, spotting a problem and turn it into opportunity by creativity is called entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship sets innovation to processing first and then gets profits from economic development. As Bolton and Thompson (2000) has recognized, entrepreneurship is about change and innovation. So every entrepreneurs needs...
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...industry success which directly relate to the economic development of a country as well as the global economy. In such a relationship, entrepreneurship with innovation is the major driving force behind the sustainable economic development and thus, entrepreneurs play the key role in manipulating the factors of production that include land, labour, capital and also the natural resources (Econlowdown, n.d.) to cause economic growth. In short, entrepreneurship contributes to the economic performances by introducing innovations, effectively allocating resources and creating changes. Hence, the aim of this essay is to discuss the nexus of entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development as well as the role that creativity and problem solving play in this relationship. From the business point of view, entrepreneurship is referred to the capacity and willingness to develop, organise and manage a business venture along with any of its risks in order to make profit by using the factors of production (BusinessDictionary.com, n.d.). Clearly, entrepreneurs are the people with particular characteristics and traits of behaviours whereas entrepreneurship is the result of what entrepreneurs do and refers to events and their economic impact (Lumsdaine and Binks, 2006). Innovation on the other hand is one of the key tools that could assist entrepreneurs to effectively realise the market opportunities that leads to a sustainable economic development. New ideas that add value to a firm is introduced...
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...Nottingham University Business School Undergraduate Programmes TITLE OF MODULE: Entrepreneurship and Business (N11440 MY) Title of Work: Discuss the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development. What role if any do creativity and problem solving play in this relationship? Refer to both theory and examples from the business world to support your discussion COPY 1 TITLE OF MODULE: Entrepreneurship and Business (N11440 MY) Title of Work: Discuss the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development. What role if any do creativity and problem solving play in this relationship? Refer to both theory and examples from the business world to support your discussion COPY 2 Austrian writer, professor, management consultant and self-described “social ecologist,” Peter F. Drucker once said “Innovation is the specific instrument of entrepreneurship. The act that endows resources with a new capacity to create wealth.” (BrainyQuote, 2014) This essay aims to show how innovation, entrepreneurship and economic development are all linked together as shown in the statement above. Even though many a time the spotlight has been shined on entrepreneurship as the propellant towards success, there are still many factors that have to be taken into account such as creativity and problem solving skills...
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...discussion of the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development as well as the role of sustainability in the relationship Introduction: The origin and development on theory As early as the 17th century, the French term "entreprendre "appeared in economics, which evolved into "entrepreneur" as commonly used (Dees,1998). The concept of entrepreneur keeps on developing and varies with the development of socio-economics. Richard Cantillon published his in 1775 “Essay on the Nature of Trade in General" (Murphy,1986). Since then, entrepreneurship was given a definition in the perspective of behavior, including decision-making, sound judgment, supervision of production, innovation, and resource reallocation (Herron, 1993). The new definition of the "entrepreneur" credited by French economists was put by Jean Baptiste in the 19th century "the entrepreneur shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into an area of higher productivity and greater yield". In this time, entrepreneurship was given the meaning of "creating values"(Dees, 1998). In 1911, “entrepreneur as innovator” was put forward by Schumpeter. In his theory, entrepreneurship nearly the same as innovation is thought to be a critical factor in the promotion of economic development. This theory was unceasingly completed by Schumpeter. Through the process of “disruptive innovation” (Schumpeter, 1942), entrepreneurs create economic opportunities and obtain economic benefits by causing a series of...
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...this introduction on Nigeria’s economic development challenge, this paper reviews business economics, outlining the relationship with innovation and social entrepreneurship. It also presents a holistic framework for economic development covering the individual, firm and macro levels, and outlines the roles of stakeholders at each level, in fostering national development. It concludes by calling on all stakeholders to play their part in leveraging entrepreneurship and all aspects of business economics to unleash the wealth of human capital that Nigeria is endowed with so that more people can participate in the transformation of Nigeria. Nigeria as the most populous country in Africa is naturally endowed with millions and millions of acres of arable land, 38.5 billion barrels of stated oil reserves, vast gas reserves, a variety of unexploited minerals, and a wealth of human capital by virtue of its estimated population of 150 million. It is the world’s eighth largest exporter of oil, and Africa’s second largest economy, after South Africa. Nigeria accounts for 15 per cent of Africa’s population, contributes 11 per cent of Africa’s total output and 16 per cent of its foreign reserves while it accounts for half of the population and more than two-thirds of the output of the West Africa sub-region. It has been at the forefront of the resolution of many political challenges in Africa. Over the last decade, Nigeria has implemented far reaching economic reforms aimed at improving macroeconomic...
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...of economic development since their close involvement in the processes of manufacture, trading and profit generation. However, it also appears that the term entrepreneurship is not easy to understand although this subject seems similar to the term of entrepreneur. Based on this background, this essay will first fully analyze the principal subject of entrepreneurship reflecting various economists’ perspectives, and secondly illustrate the relationship between entrepreneurship and innovation, before suggesting that in general, entrepreneurship is closely linked with innovation and they are both significant elements in the development of economy. Furthermore, this essay will also illustrate that creativity and problem solving are effective capabilities in entrepreneurial processes of business planning and decision making in the realization of innovation. To understand the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development, it is crucial and necessary to analyze the keywords in this statement. First of all, what is entrepreneurship? In fact, despite the potential that every individual may take a mutual view directly on the term of entrepreneurship, there is no fixed definition of this term. As is noted by Baumol (1968: 64), the concept of entrepreneurship is in fact obscure and it is not often the case that, this term can be defined explicitly in the theoretical scope. Traced back to the early history in economic context, the subject of entrepreneurship was...
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...Technological innovation has made a great contribution on economic development. However, entrepreneurship, another concept, also has essential consequences in terms of economic performance. The concept of the “entrepreneur as innovator” which was established by Schumpeter (1911) drives economic development. Therefore, it can be inferred that entrepreneur is a key source which leads to the increasing of economic growth. This essay will discuss the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development in four sections. The first section will focus on the relationship between innovation and entrepreneurship. Section two will show the advantages of innovation in economic development. Section three will describe the impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth which divided into three parts: the regional, industry and global levels. The final section will concentrate on the role creativity and problem solving play in this relationship. The relationship between innovation and entrepreneurship is mutual. On the one hand, innovation is a precondition of entrepreneurship to drive entrepreneurial establishments to succeed. In order to prove this, Hitt, Ireland, Sexon and Camp (2002) point out that a successful entrepreneurial establishment cannot leave the help of essential innovation. Many innovations are produced by individual entrepreneurs; it usually takes place in large companies in developed countries. Therefore, a large amount of entrepreneurial opportunities...
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...Discuss the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development. What role do creativity and problem solving play in this relationship? Refer to both theories and examples from the business world to support your discussion. Since last century, entrepreneurship and innovation have been heavily discussed. Entrepreneurs create new business and provide the job opportunities to society as well as promote the economic development. However, with the increasing global economic competition, normal entrepreneurship becomes less competitiveness, government committed to develop innovative entrepreneurship in recent years (Cukier, 2006). Therefore, the relationship between innovation and entrepreneurship becomes one of the most significant topics in the business field. Economists do a large number of researches to explore the connection between entrepreneurship and innovation as well as the position they related in economic development. During the process of exploring, a considerable amount of definitions are put forward by experts based on their research knowledge and the analysis of entrepreneurs developed in recent decades. This essay will list the definitions put forward by different economists, then support the ideas that innovation, entrepreneurship and economic development are deeply connected and interacted. Finally, combine with the experience of university group entrepreneurship project, attempt to explain importance role that the creativity and problem...
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...With the rapid development of dynamic global economy, increasingly countries are seeking breakthroughs of their economy development. Stimulated by these ever-increasing competition pressures, exploitation of new ideas and businesses which are of great potential to thrive economies, accordingly, is gainning widespread attention (Mansfield, 1972; Wong et al., 2005). In consequence, on a global scale, not only some developed countries with strong capability to absorb and implement new ideas, but also some emerging developing countries, are taking measures to inspire entrepreneurship and innovation with purposes of benefiting economic development from these competitive advantages (Stoneman, 1995; Zhao, 2001). It is universally held that entrepreneurship and innovation are complementary and their combination can efficiently contribute to economy performance (Grupp, 2001; Stoneman, 1995). During the transfer from idea creation to eventually economy development, innovation is supposed to be a necessary condition, but it also demonstrates great insufficiency which can be completed by entrepreneurship’s mediating effects (Audretsch, 1995; Camp, 2005). This essay will primarily conduct a brief definition of entrepreneurship and innovation while introduce the role of problem solving and creativity, and thereby observe the synergy between entrepreneurship and innovation. Then theoretical and practical analysis will be made in their repective relationship with economy development. Ultimately...
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...acknowledging the importance of entrepreneurship in economic growth. Entrepreneurship in any society is influenced by various environments. Whilst entrepreneurship supports economic growth by turning knowledge into new products, new jobs and new firms, the entrepreneurial process is not full of roses; it comes with its own challenges. The writer will discuss about entrepreneurship, define concepts and sum up the discussion through a conclusion. Definition of key terms Entrepreneurship Timmons (2000), believes entrepreneurship is the process of creating or seizing an opportunity and pursuing it, regardless of the resources currently controlled. Wennekers and Thurik (2001) argued that entrepreneurship is the ability and willingness of individuals, on their own, in teams within and outside existing organizations, to perceive and create new economic opportunities (new products, new production methods, new organizational schemes and new product-market combinations) and to introduce their ideas in the market, in the face of uncertainty and other obstacles, by making decisions on location, form and the use of resources and institutions. Unlike Timmons (ibid), Wennekers and Thurik believe that entrepreneurship is not limited to creating or seizing a business opportunity, there has to be willingness and ability to perceive new economic opportunities(new products, new production methods, new organizational schemes and new product-market combinations). Entrepreneurship can thus be seen as...
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...Introduction Entrepreneurship is an activity done purposefully by an individual or groups of associated individuals to initiate maintain or organize profit oriented business unit. This is for the production and distribution of economic goods and services and exploiting newfound opportunities. Productive entrepreneurship and creativity combine these inputs into profitable ways. An institution that encourages free entrepreneurship becomes the ultimate determinants of economic growth of a nation. Economic development involves a sustained and concerted action by the community and policy makers to promote the standards of living and economic health of a nation. Some of the actions undertaken involve the development of critical infrastructure, environmental sustainability, social inclusion, and even regional competitiveness to achieve the economic development. Literature review of entrepreneurship and economic development: The industrial economy in the post-world war two periods led to competition among geographical areas to provide tax to attract industrial companies. In the 1990s, the old managerial and industrial economy was replaced by the knowledge and entrepreneurial economy. The rise of companies such as apple, Microsoft and Google exemplified entrepreneurial creation of wealth at the end of twentieth century(Phillips, 2011).The second decade of twenty first century begins virtually with all countries in the world implementing actively the promotion of economic development at state...
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... ORGANIZATIONS. SEMESTER: SPRING 2015 INSTRUCTOR: NAMADA JULIANA ADM NO: 644067 NAME: BRIAN KIPRUTO CHELIMO Table of Contents Abstract 3 2.0 Forms of Entrepreneurship 4 1.0 Introduction 4 1CREATION OF EMPLOYMENT 4 2Poverty reduction 5 3Socio-economic and political solutions 6 4Economic growth and Development 7 2.1 Entrepreneurial Effects in the Growth of Economy 8 Conclusion 9 REFERENCES 10 Abstract According to Chell & Ozkan, (2010), an entrepreneur is someone who is willing to bear the riskofa businessventure where there is a significant chance for making profit. Entrepreneurship is basically the practice of starting a business in order to earn profit on new found opportunities. Entrepreneurship is a challenging task as many businesses which start fail to take off. Entrepreneurship has many uncertainties especially when new products are created for which there is no existing market.Entrepreneurship affects economic growth in various ways. It is through entrepreneurship thatimportant innovations enter the market leading to new products or production process whicheventually increases efficiency through bringing competition in the market. This paper discourses the impact of entrepreneurship on economies. Ideas and concepts that emerge from entrepreneurs increase our knowledge and what consumers may prefer through introducing variations of existing products and services in the market. This spe...
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...ENTREPRENEURSHIP: CONCEPT AND DEFINITION Shri Achintya Kr. Baruah, M.Com Associate Faculty Member Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship (Ministry of Industry, Department of SSI & ARI) Government of India Basisthat Chariali, Lalmati, 37, N.H. Bypass, Guwahati - 781029 ENTREPRENEURSHIP • A theory of evolution of economic activities. • A continuous process of economic development. • An ingredient to economic development. • Essentially a creative activity or an innovative function. • A risk taking factor which is responsible for an end result. • Usually understood with reference to individual business. • The name given to the factor of production, which performs the functions of enterprise. • Creates awareness among people about economic activity. • Generates Self-employment and additional employment WHY ENTREPRENEURSHIP • To improve backwardness of the people. • Economic development of the region. • To analysis resource utilization. • Proper utilization of human potentiality. • Special attention to take up new activities. • To create self-employment and generation of employment opportunity. • Eradication of regional imbalances. • Better economic gain. The early history of entrepreneurship in India reflect from the culture, customs and tradition of the India people. The Baliyatra Festival of Cuttack, Orissa reminiscence of past glory of International trade. To process of entrepreneurship therefore passed through the potential roots of the society and all those who accepted entrepreneurial...
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