...The traditional TOK diagram indicates four ways of knowing. Propose the inclusion of a fifth way of knowing selected from intuition, memory or imagination, and explore the knowledge issues it may raise in two areas of knowledge. The study of Theory of Knowledge (TOK) indicates four distinct ways of knowing: sense perception, emotion, reason and language; however, in this essay I will argue for the inclusion of intuition as a fifth way of knowing. Intuition is that moment of enlightenment that is unexpected in which something is revealed to give one a greater understanding on a problem or puzzle or issue of concern that is perplexing. A knowledge issue worth examining in relation to the role intuition plays in these areas of knowledge is: How does intuition lead to knowledge acquisition in the natural sciences and in ethics? Personal intuitive insight has to be in some form of communication which conforms to requirements of public knowledge, natural sciences conforming ...
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...What exactly is a language? A language is a systematic means of communication by the use of sounds or conventional symbols. It is the code which we use to express ourselves as well as to communicate with others. It is a system for communicating ideas and feelings using sounds, gestures, signs or marks. Any means of communicating ideas, specifically, human speech, the expression of ideas by the voice and sounds articulated by the organs of the throat and mouth is a language. This is a system for communication. A language is the written and spoken methods of combining words to create meaning used by a particular group of people. There are so many languages used in the world. Out of the many languages in the world, English language plays a significant role in the day to day lives of the people. Do you think English is a global linking language? If I were to answer this question I’d say yes. Maybe your answer might differ from mine. "English is without a doubt the actual universal language" said Carlos Carrion Torres of Brazil. What so ever let us see why I believe that English is a global linking language. English language is known to be a global language. But what exactly is a global language? Global language is the language spoken internationally that many people learn as a second language. There are so many languages in the world but out of those many languages English language is considered to be a language that links the world together. In my point of view I believe that English...
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...African Music The art that derives from our sense of hearing is music. The basic elements of music are sound and silence. Music has many purposes within all societies. Most music performed by Africans is part of a social activity and is viewed as a sharing experience for everyone. African music is generally classified into two main style areas, which are Arab North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. There are many unique regional music styles, including a immense influence from the Islamic faith which extends across the savanna Within African music, there are many types of percussion instruments, including the drums, clap-sticks, bells, rattles, slit gongs, struck gourds and clay pots, stamping tubes, and xylophones. There are two basic types of xylophone. The frame xylophones, in which the keys are attached to a frame. The lamellaphone, which is also known as the thumb piano, is found throughout the continent of Africa. The mbira, kalimba, and likembe, are a series of metal or bamboo strips mounted on a board or box. African drums come in many shapes and sizes. Wood, pans, and pottery are used to construct drum bodies. The membranes are usually made from animal skins. There are many types of African drums which range from drum-chimes, friction drums, and the African wind instruments include flutes, whistles, oboes, and trumpets. Panpipe ensembles are seen in Central Africa, and globular flutes made...
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...1. Language Language plays the most important role during the intercultural communication, so it is very useful to speak others’ language. If I can speak other people’s language, they will feel warm and may think I am sincere. Even though I cannot master that language in a short time, it is better to learn a little than knowing nothing. 2. Culture Besides the language, learning other people’s culture is also very important. Because language is just a tool of communication, what people care more about are the ideas of each other. So learning the different culture helps I understand other people’s ideas better, and then the communication can proceed smoothly. 3. Self-identity Just knowing what others are thinking about is not enough; people should also analyze themselves and know what they need. So during a intercultural communication, I can identify myself first, and with a clear self-identity, the topic of the communication will be more focused and the communication can be more effective. 4. Nonverbal language This one is also very important but often ignored by people. As for me, if I face a people of low-context culture, I will try my best to have eye contact with him/her. Although I am shy, I will use more facial expressions and gestures during the communication. Besides, I will pay attention to the personal space in order to avoid embarrassments. 5. Toleration Because the culture diversity, it is very common for us to put towards different opinions. Even...
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...among all living organisms is communication. Many methods of communication are built up over time to form languages. Language is formed from various rules, but consists mainly of vocabulary. Vocabulary affects how easily one person communicates with another, which in turn affects how much a person is able to know. If the vocabulary of a certain language does not contain words that describe a given event, or if a language has not developed words that are complex enough to be used to form a meaning of equal value, it is then impossible to impart that knowledge to another person. The extent of vocabulary in a language is determined by what information and knowledge can be shared, using that specific language. Vocabulary can also limit how we communicate with one another because using certain words to describe something may make understanding it much more complex. For example, when one uses abstraction they take away individualistic value to the subject to which they are referring. Does one abstract a cow to the point where they are nothing but a farming asset, or not abstract the cow enough to the point where it is only a large mass of particles and organisms? When there are multiple meanings for the same word, or if something is able to be interpreted in various ways, words and phrases may often be misunderstood and used incorrectly. Areas of knowledge (AOKs) such as language, art, and mathematics are prime examples of why vocabulary can limit how much we know. Literature, as well...
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...TOK “Knowledge gives us a sense of who we are.” To what extent is this true in the Human Sciences and Ethics? Socrates once said, “To know, is to know that you know nothing. That is the meaning of true knowledge” [1]. In similar vein, Ralph Waldo Emerson once said, “Knowledge is knowing that we cannot know” [1]. A great Indian master, Nisargadatta Maharaj once quoted, “To know what you are, you must first investigate and know what you are not” [2]. What were Socrates, Emerson, Nisargadatta hinting at? Is there any such thing as ‘knowledge’ and if so, can this knowledge ever give us a sense of who we are? Is there one concrete sense of ‘who we are’ that persists all throughout our lives or is our sense of identity a montage of ever-changing psychological and behavioral dynamics? Is the knower even capable of using ways of knowing to grasp a sense of who he/she is? If so, which way of knowing is more trustworthy and which area of knowledge should these ways of knowing be applied to, to get a better sense of who one is? Human sciences provides a sense of how we behave in the social context but not a sense of who we are at a personal level while Natural sciences while Thesis (….) I will be limiting my areas of knowledge to Human Sciences and Natural Sciences. Human Sciences, Psychology in particular, does attempt to answer questions about why and how people think, feel, and behave as they do. In a sense, it does attempt to give humans a ‘sense of how they behave’...
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...Growing up Bilingual: A Spanish Heritage Speaker’s Views The role of bilingualism and multilingualism in a child’s growth and development is highly debated. On the one hand, there is a majority of people who grow up speaking multiple languages and dialects, while on the other hand, there are the minority who only grew up speaking one language. Through it all, there is a tension in the educational and societal ranks about whether or not there is an advantage to knowing a language beyond knowing what others are speaking. This is the story of a heritage speaker who grew up in a English-Spanish speaking household, and her views on this tension. Erin grew up in an English-Spanish speaking household, speaking in varying degrees of Spanish and English...
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... ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE TEACHING PROJECT TOPIC: “TEACHING ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN SOCIO-LINGUISTIC CONTEXT” SUBMITTED BY: GAURAV .N. SHIMPI CHECKED BY: PROF. DIPTI PETHE YEAR : 2012 -2013 INDEX Introduction Aims and Objectives Meaning and Nature of Language English Language and Literature in India Role of Language in Teaching Literature Sociolinguistic Contest in Learning and Teaching English Language Conclusion Bibliography INTRODUCTION Sociolinguistics is the descriptive study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way language is used, and the effects of language use on society. Sociolinguistics differs from sociology of language in that the focus of sociolinguistics is the effect of the society on the language, while the latter's focus is on the language's effect on the society. Sociolinguistics overlaps to a considerable degree with pragmatics. It is historically closely related to linguistic anthropology and the distinction between the two fields has even been questioned recently. It also studies how language varieties differ between groups separated by certain social variables, e.g., ethnicity, religion, status, gender, level of education, age, etc., and how creation and adherence to these rules is used to categorize individuals in social or socioeconomic classes. As the usage of a language varies from place...
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...Born in a country in the middle east where everyone speaks the same language and lives the same lifestyle and then moving to the United States where a lot of religions are practiced and hundreds of languages are spoken brought me to whom I am today. A person who appreciates diversity, knowing what professionalism is. Professionalism is a mixture of valuable ethics and qualities such as respect, integrity, responsibility, responsiveness and adaptability. Learning and practicing these values of professionalism aided me to be the student who is ready to be around to help others and be responsible for patients’ health as a pharmacist. Responsibility is one of the main core values in order to be a successful pharmacist. Being responsible for the...
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...The increasing use of English language worldwide is threatening to destroy national cultures and languages. What are your views? Throughout the centuries, the use of English language has increased. The world has become a global village where English is the language of various fields, such as business, tourism, education, or computer technology. Because of this, many people think that, in the near future, English may destroy national cultures or other languages. However, I believe that this language, as the most widely spoken one, is nothing more than a common medium to exchange thoughts or ideas and a perfect way to simplify our lives. To begin with, English is being learnt by children in school all over the world. The aim of these actions is not to destroy other cultures, but to assist people in communication. Such a universal language enables us to speak with one another without obstacles. While talking to people from different regions of the Earth, we can actually learn about their cultures, languages, customs and countries. It is not only beneficial for human beings, but also beautiful, as English helps us to understand the diversity of nations. Secondly, English is the primary language of business. Most of documents, e-mails, reports or contracts are written in this language. Thanks to that, it is possible to conduct business transactions boundlessly and avoid many misunderstandings. Knowing English can also be very helpful in pursuing a career in business, as proficient...
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...process of adult literacy is discussed, is to show that if our option is for man, education is cultural action for freedom and therefore an act of knowing and not of memorization. This act can never be accounted for in its complex totality by a mechanistic theory, for such a theory does not perceive education in general and adult literacy in particular as an act of knowing. Instead, it reduces the practice of education to a complex of techniques, naively considered to be neutral, by means of which the educational process is standardized in a sterile and bureaucratic operation. This is not a gratuitous assertion. We will later clarify the radical distinction between knowing and memorizing and the reasons why we attach such importance to the adult literacy process. But first, some words about the socio-historical conditioning of the thinking presented here, as well as an explanation of the necessity for critical reflection on such conditioning. From a non-dualistic viewpoint, thought and language, constituting a whole, always refer to the reality of the thinking subject. Authentic thought-language is generated in the dialectical relationship between the subject and his concrete historical and cultural reality. In the case of the alienated cultural processes characteristic of dependent or object societies, thought-language itself is alienated, whence the fact that these societies do not manifest an authentic thought of their own during the periods of most acute alienation...
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...Laura Miccoli This paper presents the results of an investigation into the value of using drama in a Brazilian university classroom. Drawing on Di Pietro (1987) and Via (1976) on the advantages of using drama in language learning, from Mezirow (1990) and Schön (1991) on the importance of reflection for promoting meaningful learning, and from Donato and McCormick (1994) and Lukinsky (1990) on the e¤ectiveness of portfolios as a tool to promote reflection, the paper presents a case study of the use of drama in an oral skill class, describing the course structure and classroom procedures. It includes learners’ voices as taken from their portfolios, and evaluates results, presenting setbacks and possible solutions. Finally, it encourages the use of drama and portfolios for transformative and emancipatory learning. Introduction As teachers we are always looking for ways to improve our classes and motivate our students. Yet, teaching conditions may not be as ideal as we would like them to be. Sometimes we get too many students; often they have di¤erent proficiency levels; sometimes both problems arise in the same class. This was my situation: I had to teach a conversation class where the level of proficiency of the 37 students ranged from basic to advanced. Knowing that a traditional format would not work, the experiences of interactionists like Di Pietro (1987) and the actor/teacher Via (1976) helped me decide to bring drama and play production into my classroom. For students’...
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... Since the beginning of time women, have taken on many intricate roles. These roles are often unnoticed or are part of an unspoken code. Women have played a major role in the development of greatness, but will often go unrecognized for their input, effort and involvement. Many times the role of a woman asked her to take a back seat to men’s work and not be in the fore front. It was not important for women to be educated, for they were not made to be leaders, creators, commanders or organizers. Sister Flowers by Maya Angelou and I Want a Wife by Judy Brady bring light to the dynamics of a woman and the many facets of a woman. Whether of a high or low class the, fortitude of a woman is astounding. In this ever changing world, women have begun to evolve and smile at the ratification of the positions that they have long held. These essays provide us with a piece of history that shows the growth and development that women are making to get the recognition that is their-due. Sister Flowers by Maya Angelou is a descriptive essay told through the eyes of a young girl named Marguerite who has admiration for a woman in her community that is full of grace. The presence, stature and charisma of this woman was enough to put her in a class with the elite. This woman was different from the others within her community and due to education. Sister Flowers words and language supported that image. As she would often have conversations with Marguerite’s mother...
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...Language Acquisition Principles Patricia Hungerford Grand Canyon University: ESL 223N November 17, 2013 Language Acquisition Principles In this essay a professional journal article will be used to research language acquisition principles for ELL students. The article helps educators see how they might apply the information to their teachings in their personal situations. The author of this essay will also react and give her opinion on the articles content. The Walqui article will also be used to describe how each factor affects second language acquisition and address how educators can support the acquisition of a second language. Many things affect students learning such as factors that have to do with the individual, social and societal issues. These factors are language, language distance, native language proficiency, knowledge of the second language, dialect and register, language status, language attitudes, the learner, diverse needs, diverse goals , peer groups , role models, home support the learning process, learning styles, motivation and classroom interaction and quality of instruction(Walqui,2003). As an educator this essay writer needs to know what second language acquisition theories are important to use, knowing the previous afore mentioned theories and factors will help this writer as a teacher be able to meet the needs of my ELL students. We as educators must be able to use scaffolding, sheltered instruction, stages of language proficiency...
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...LANGUAGE WRITTEN AND SPOKEN, WHICH ONE IS MORE IMPORTANT? INTRODUCTION As we already know for humans since childhood becomes easily to learn spoken language before written language. However, after learn how to speak, written language becomes more stable than spoken language, it is because human rely on their eyes more than ears. Since spoken language and it written form represent the same meaning, it is necessary to find out which is determinate and which is secondary. In this report will be explained which characteristic of the language is more important. GENERAL ASPECTS First of all, we must separate speech and writing. We know that speech and writing are two forms of human language. Speech and writing both represent meaning. They both possess language's property. To work around the concept 'language' that is a term for both speech and writing, we do not regard them as language, but as visual and auditory info. Apparently, the fundamental distinction between speech and writing is: speech is auditory (acoustic), while writing is visual. Since we are born we are capable to learn real life sounds, so that we are also able to reproduce this sounds whereby spoken language may be more effective than written language on the other hand sometimes speech and writing are the same. Some people like writing more than speaking. Speaking is more important in public gathering, while writing more important for making notes. In terms of usage, neither of speech and writing has absolute...
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