...as saying, “Rome had developed since its humble beginning that is now overpowered by its own greatness. “His statement could not be more right (Livius 1823). During its reign, Rome quickly became the largest technological and engineering advanced empire of its time. This was undeniably clear to its citizens when these advancements enhanced their overall health, safety, and living conditions. Those achievements not only allowed Rome to magnify its borders exponentially, but also allowed the empire to support a strong community and dominate the seas both through military prowess as well as through trade. Among plentiful of the Roman engineering and technological feats, the aqueducts of Rome and their innovative shipbuilding advanced their culture remarkably. One of the true testaments to Roman engineering is the Roman waterway system known as the aqueducts. The Roman aqueducts were a waterway system built to bring a constant flow of water into the empire in order to supply fountains, toilets, homes, etc. The aqueducts were built from a combination of stone, brick and the special volcanic cement, and stretched about 260 miles, 30 miles of which were visible arched structures (Heaton 2003). In order to maintain this massive water system, the Romans assigned a Curator Aquarum to oversee this project in which slaves, laborers, and legions all took part in building 11 separate aqueducts over a span of 500 years (Heaton 2003). The first aqueduct was called the Aqua Appia and...
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...Water: Roman Aqueduct Ingenuity Since man has created settlements he has always needed an ample supply of fresh water to sustain life. Small villages and towns grew up along lakes and waterways as man learned to cooperate as a group, farm the land, and prosper. These villages grew and required more land, water, and food. As early as the ancient Minoan society man learned to expand his communities and supply them with water with wells dug to harvest water from underground sources, cisterns to collect large amounts of rain water, and aqueducts to move water from a water source to the community or farm land. The technology to move water from ready sources grew. Mesopotamians, Mycenaeans, Babylonians, Persians, Arabs, and Chinese all used different forms of limited aqueducts and water storage to sustain their civilization. The apex of the ancient aqueducts came with the Romans. The Roman Empire , even Rome itself, could not have grown and prospered as it did without the engineering masterpieces of the aqueducts. Romans built amazing ambitious aqueduct projects across many different types of terrain. These were originally made using the surface terrain to allow the water to flow using gravity. Some were built using ingenious methods to tunnel deep under the ground to conquer features on the surface that impeded water flow. Water was obtained from springs , underground wells, and free flowing rivers. Roman engineers perfected the arch and built massive beautiful arcades...
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...AMRITA VISHWA VIDYAPEETHAM Amrita School of Engineering, Bangalore BTECH PROJECT REPORT GUIDELINES 1. SEQUENCE OF PROJECT REPORT DOCUMENT: The sequence in which the project report material to be arranged and bound should be as follows: 1. Cover Page and Title Page 2. Bona fide Certificate 3. Certificate from the external agency ( wherever the project has been undertaken in an external institution / organization) 4. Acknowledgement 5. Abstract 6. Table of Contents 7. List of figures 8. List of tables 9. List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclatures 10. Chapters 11. Bibliography/References 12. Appendices The tables and figures shall be introduced in the appropriate places in each chapter. Spelling to be British English. 2. PAGE DIMENSION AND BINDING SPECIFICATIONS: The project report should be in A4 size, should be bound using flexible cover of thick art paper with Blue colour. The cover should be printed in black letters. 3. FORMAT FOR THE REPORT DOCUMENT: Cover Page & Title Page – A specimen copy of the Cover page and Title page of the project report is given in Annexure 1. Bona fide Certificate – The Bona fide Certificate shall be in double line spacing using Font Style – Times New Roman and Font Size - 12, as per the format in Annexure 2A/2B as applicable. Certificate – A Certificate is to be attached wherever the student has undertaken the project work in an external Institution / Organization. ...
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... Shaheed Udham Singh College of Engg. &Technology,Tangori(Mohali) Department of computer Science & engineering TABLE OF CONTENTS 1) Format for synopsis. 2) Format & Guidelines for Midterm Report. 3) Guidelines for preparing six-months industrial training report 3.1) Standards for Project Report 3.2) Format of Title Page 3.3) Declaration 3.4) Acknowledgement 3.5) Certificate 3.6) Abstract 3.7) Table of contents for the final report. 3.8) List of figures 3.9) Format of final report. 4) Annexure I 5) Annexure II 6) Annexure III 7) Annexure IV 8) Annexure V 9) Annexure VI Page 2 of 26 Guidelines for Preparing Six Months Industrial Training Report Department of Computer science & Engineering Shaheed Udham Singh College of Engineering and Technology,Tangori(Mohali) (www.suscet.ac.in) SHAHEED UDHAM SINGH COLLEGE OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY Page 3 of 26 (NAME OF THE DEPARTMENT) Format for Synopsis Title page: 1. Name of Student and PTU registration No cum Roll No 2. Present official Address with E-mail, telephone No 3. Branch 4. Session 5. Name of Company 6. Proposed Project Topic: 7. Name of Department/College Introduction to Company(may not exceed 3 pages including Figs.) Brief Introduction to Project (may not exceed 3 pages) Design of solution (may not exceed 3 pages) Methodology/ Planning of work (may not exceed 4 pages) Facilities provided for the proposed work. Page 4 of 26 SHAHEED UDHAM SINGH COLLEGE OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY (NAME OF THE DEPARTMENT) FORMAT...
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...Roman Roads It is often said that "all roads lead to Rome," and in fact, they once did. The road system of the Ancient Romans was one of the greatest engineering accomplishments of its time, with over 50,000 miles of paved road radiating from their center at the miliarius aurem in the Forum in the city of Rome. Although the Roman road system was originally built to facilitate the movement of troops throughout the empire, it was inevitably used for other purposes by civilians then and now. ROMAN ENGINEERING Of course, the roads were used for trade, as were the waterways surrounding and connecting parts of the Roman Empire to itself and the rest of the known world. The Romans had exceptional nautical technology for their time; however their network of roads, even with the perils of land travel, was unparalleled in convenience and was often the only choice for travel or shipping goods. The Romans were the first ancient civilization to build paved roads, which did not prevent travel during or after inclement weather. Indeed, mud or gravel would hinder, if not completely halt many vehicles pulled by animals or other people, not to mention discourage travelers on foot. Roman engineers, however, did not stop with just paving Roman roads. Roads were crowned—that is, they were higher in the middle than on the sides to allow water to run off—and they often had gutters for drainage along the shoulders. Probably the mostincredible engineering feat concerning the Roman road system,...
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...Roman Art – The Identity of an Empire Christina Kapua ARTS/100 April 18, 2013 Taurie Kinoshita Roman Art – The Identity of an Empire The Romans ingeniously display majestic art while incorporating function and purpose to build an empire. The Romans had many forms in which they created art. They adorned their city, homes, and palaces with paintings, sculptures, and grand architectural structures. Rome admired and emulated the artistry of the Greek, Egyptians, and Celtic designs. They learned engineering techniques from the Etruscans that has developed Rome’s historical development and style. With its influence of other cultures, Romans have established its own characteristics of ancient classical Rome, which has carved a pathway to many forms of artwork in the past and present time. The different genre that Rome has influenced is two-dimensional arts, sculpture, and architecture; with significant contributors, such as Michelangelo Buonarroti and Gian Lorenzo Benini. Historical Development and Evolution of Style Influenced by the Etruscans and inspired by the Greeks, the Romans artistry evolved to display realism and power. Romans learned practical and advanced engineering techniques from the Etruscans that began the groundwork for the vast buildings built to serve the needs of a growing population. After the overthrow of Greece majority of their artwork, and sculptures were brought back to Rome to adorn their city and palaces. Many Greek artists migrated to Rome to impart...
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...(NAME OF THE DEPARTMENT) Format for Synopsis Title page: 1. Name of Student and PTU registration No cum Roll No 2. Present official Address with E-mail, telephone No 3. Branch 4. Session 5. Name of Company 6. Proposed Project Topic: 7. Name of Department/College Introduction to Company(may not exceed 3 pages including Figs.) Brief Introduction to Project (may not exceed 3 pages) Design of solution (may not exceed 3 pages) Methodology/ Planning of work (may not exceed 4 pages) Facilities provided for the proposed work. SHAHEED UDHAM SINGH COLLEGE OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY (NAME OF THE DEPARTMENT) FORMAT & GUIDELINES FOR MIDTERM REPORT (Size = 20, Times, Bold, Small Caps) Contents of Midterm Report (Size = 13, Times) The midterm report must contain the elements given in the listing below: 1) Cover sheet 2) Title page 3) Abstract 4) Table Of Contents 5) Introduction 6) Title of the project/Assignment 7) Objectives 8) Schedule of activities 9) Conclusions 10) Achievements till date. 11) Remaining Work. 12) Solution to problems (if any) GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING MIDTERM REPORT: 1) Students may use descriptive, informative section and subsection titles for the body of midterm report. Use the appropriate tense to describe the activity: "past work was done;" & "future work will be done." 2) The midterm will include several body sections that include continuing work, so each body section of the midterm, should be divided into "Work Completed to Date", in which student...
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...of the Roman Empire There are adherents to single factors, but more people think Rome fell because of a combination of such factors as Christianity, and economy, and military problems. Even the rise of Islam is proposed as the reason for Rome's fall, by some who think the Fall of Rome happened at Constantinople in the 15th Century. Most people think it occurred during the fifth century, after the western division of the empire. There were several reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire. Many often blame the initiation of Christianity for the decline. Christianity made many Roman citizens into pacifists, making it more difficult to defend against the barbarian attackers. Some say the money used to build churches could have been used to maintain the Roman Empire. Maintaining an army to defend the border of the Empire from barbarian attacks was a constant drain on the government. Military spending left few resources for other vital activities, such as providing public housing and maintaining quality roads and aqueducts. Frustrated Romans lost their desire to defend the Empire. The empire had to begin hiring soldiers recruited from the unemployed city mobs or worse from foreign counties. Such an army was not only unreliable, but very expensive. The emperors were forced to raise taxes frequently which, in turn, led to increased inflation. The Roman economy suffered from inflation (an increase in prices) beginning after the reign of Marcus Aurelius. Once the Romans stopped...
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...Ancient Engineering Ashley Shehan World Civilizations 1: History103 Samson Tsahiridis October 15, 2012 Ancient Engineering Ancient civilizations are credited for many inventions and engineer advancements that have been perfected and still used today. These advances have laid a foundation for today’s way of life; convenient, efficient, and technology improving faster than ever. Introduction of roads, domestication of animals, and the use of ships are all examples of engineering used to increase power, efficiency, and the quality of life. With the use of roads, ships, and calendars, civilizations were able to improve their economy, increase their power, increase population, and expand their power. Roads Romans The Roman Empire’s success was greatly due to the extensive paved road system built, connecting virtually the entire empire. The Appian Way was built in 312BCE, one of the earliest Roman road built. The network or road would eventually consist of over 55,000 miles of road, with a width of 20-40 feet, depending on the amount of traffic and use of the road. Built mostly by soldiers, the use of these roads greatly empowered the Roman Army. Unaffected by weather, quicker deployments, and faster distribution of communication, supplies, and food were possible, increasing efficiency. Post houses to tend or change horses were located every ten to fifteen miles along the routes, while Inns to accommodate travelers, and were located every twenty to thirty...
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...I believe that the quote “All Roads lead to Rome” means that all roads tie up to the center. The Roads were the path to direct people into the best civilization ever known. Rome was the most advanced civilization ever known, for multiple reasons. One of the reasons was because of their technology. If you read this article called “Legacy Of The Roman Empire”, they tell you about water transportation. The engineering product would be called the “aqueduct”, the aqueduct lead water to the city which helped them drink water or help make hot and cold water. “The Romans also set a new standard for building aqueducts. They created a system of aqueducts for Rome that brought water from about 60 miles away to the homes of the city’s wealthiest citizens,...
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..."Do ut des" - a motto of pre christian Roman religion, meaning "I give so that you might give". (from the website Ten Ton Hammer proverbs and quotes.) The lasting Legacy of Rome is not Christianity despite the popular belief. Christianity would not be the Lasting Legacy of Rome because it would have spread without the Romans help. The lasting legacy of Rome is the architecture, city additions, the use of art, colosseum, technology, language, and Western democracy that the Romans invented. In the Modern world people use most of the things that the Romans invented every day. The lasting legacy of Rome would be architecture, because the arches and bridges would not be here today if the Romans had not invented them. The Romans invented the arch....
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...When hearing the quote “All Roads Lead to Rome” what do you think of? This quote to me means of how present day traveling, technology, inventions were all influenced by the Ancient Romans. Have you ever wondered how we get clean water or who made up the fact you have to go to school early? If your history teacher never said anything about Ancient Rome you’re in luck because I will teach you. All the way back in 44 B.C a Roman emperor by the name of Julius Caesar changed what was just Rome to the Great empire we know now as the Roman Empire. Even throughout the Roman era many influences were made that we still use and improved. An important influence from the Romans was engineering such as our water and sewage systems. “The water...
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...In our team paper we will be discussing the how the Greek and Roman Empires strived for perfection. We will be focusing on the Greek architecture with the coliseum. We will also discuss how the Roman Empire came together and created what could be considered the modern plumbing system with their aqueduct systems to allow them to be able to have flowing water throughout their cities. The Greeks have an extended gleaming history with an influence on other cultures. Greek architecture influences many cultures, including the Roman Empire who carried the Greek theme into their way of building. Marble and limestone are the components that allow major structures to withstand the test of time. Some of the famous buildings are the capital building, and the White House in the District of Columbia. The spread of Greek architecture can be appreciated throughout the Italian city of Sicily The athletes of Greek culture strive for perfection. The Olympics began as an approach for the Greeks to establish themselves. The Olympic games were sacred during times of war. The Olympic competitions conveyed perfection with an influence on the creation of mathematics. Pythagoras was the mathematician who was the original person to illustrate that the planets rotate together in a cycle. The Greeks went to war over the strive for perfection The Romans were known for their engineering know how on how to successfully get safe drinking water to and from the area springs, wells, and rivers...
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... When submerged in water,this made it able to build baths, piers and harbors. Newspaper The Romans use of official texts detailing military, legal and civil issues. Known as ACTA DIURNA, or “daily acts” these early newspapers was written on metal or stone and posted in heavy traffic areas like the Roman Forum ACTA first appeared in 131 BC The ACTA Senatus detailed Roman Senate proceedings which was withheld from the public until 59 BC when Julius Caesar allowed it to be published Welfare – One of many Roman government program, measures that subsidized food, education and other for the needy. It goes back to 122 BC Gaius Gracchus instituted Lex Frumentaria, a law that ordered Roman’s government to supply its citizens with allotments of cheaply priced grain. It continued under Trajan who implemented a program called “alimenta” to help feed, clothe, and educate orphans and poor children. Corn, oil, wine, bread and pork were added to the list of priced control goods, which may have been collected with tokens called “tesserae” this helped the Roman emperors to gain favor with the public. Books— The Roman's streamlined the medium by creating “codex, a stack of bound pages that is known as a book”. They were replaced by animal skin parchment that clearly resembled pages. Roads—encompassed nearly 1.7 million square miles and included most of Southern Europe The ten Roman inventions was much needed during...
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...Dynasty of China and the Roman Empire of Italy were huge territories, with Rome being over 1 million square miles, that were greatly advanced in many fields. They had armies that conquered many lands, they had governments which appeased and governed large masses of people. However, what may be most interesting is their development of technology. In the first and second centuries, both the great empires of Rome in Italy and the Han in China had technology to accommodate their numerous populations but both of their attitudes towards technology were different as they viewed and utilized manual labor differently. Their different attitudes led to different developments in their technology, but both eventually saw a decline toward the...
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