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Romania Research

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Romania Research

Romania, the official language, is derived from Latin; it is in the same linguistic family as Italian, French, Spanish, and Portuguese. Indeed, it is alleged that a fluent speaker of Italian can communicate fairly well with the Romanians if the speaker knows the Italian dialect used around Genoa. Some 90 percent of the population belongs to the Romanian Orthodox Church.
The remainder of the population is Roman Catholic, Jewish, Calvinist, Islamic, or atheist.
Romania is on Central European Time, two hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (G.M.T. + 2) and seven hours ahead of U.S. Eastern Standard Time (E.S.T. + 7).

Cultural Orientation
The more educated the participants are, the more they will use objective facts to define the truth. Subjective feelings are still strong, but faith in an ideology, other than freedom, does not cloud the issue of truth. As the movement toward freedom and privatization advances, it puts the responsibility for decision making on the shoulders of the individual. The individual may, in turn transfer this power to the group as a whole or to selected experts within the group.

Business practices
Appointments should be made well in advance. Appointments may be requested by mail. Business letters should be sent in English. Not only do Romanians expect to translate foreign letters, but such a letter is accorded more respect and attention than one written in Romanian. An interpreter will be necessary for the meeting unless you are positive that you and your Romanian counterpart are fluent in a common language. Because many Romanian students study at French universities, French is the most widely spoken foreign language. Hungarian is frequently spoken in Transylvania; Russian is common near the Romanian-Russian border. Among Romanian business people, the older ones tend to speak some German, while the younger ones are learning English. Major hotels and resorts have English speaking staff members. Business and government office hours are 8AM to 4PM., Monday through Friday, and 8AM to 12:30PM, Saturday. Shops keep even longer hours.

Negotiating
Patience is necessary in establishing business contacts in Romania; the process often seems glacially slow. However, once the connection is established, one can expect to do business with the Romanians for a very long time. It is generally preferable to stay at one of the more prestigious international hotels. Staying elsewhere will diminish your importance in the eyes of Romanians. Be prepared to hand out a large number of business cards. Your cards need not be translated into Romania; a card in English or French is satisfactory. Your title and any advanced degrees should be listed on the card.

Gifts
For business dealings, inexpensive gifts such as pens, calculators, or lighters discreetly imprinted with your company name are appropriate to celebrate Christmas or a contract signing. If you are invited to dinner at a private home, bring wine, liquor, or wrapped flowers. When bringing flowers, be sure you have an odd number (three or more more); carnations and roses (but not red roses) are good choices. If you are staying at a Romanian home, try to find out in advance which items are currently in short supply (frequently it will be coffee, perfume, light bulbs, or cigarettes) and bring those. Offer to help with some household chore, although your offer will probably be refused. You may be allowed to purchase (and pay for) groceries. Remember that Romania is the poorest country in Europe after Albania. As a foreigner, your hard currency gives you priority access to available goods. You should also bring some gift items with you from home. The easiest way to please Romanians is to treat them to something that they can’t get themselves. The items that are in short supply in Romania change frequently, but may include coffee, good soap, candy (especially chocolate), perfume, light bulbs, and cigarettes. Even if you don’t smoke, you should bring your duty-free limit of two hundred American cigarettes (Kent is the preferred brand). A pack of American cigarettes as a tip will improve service everywhere from taxis to restaurants. Your Romanian colleagues will do the majority of the entertaining. However, if you wish to reciprocate, start by inviting them to lunch or dinner at your hotel. The simple step may take several invitations to accomplish, as business contacts were usually confined to business offices during the Ceausescu regime.

Greetings
Romanians shake hands constantly: when they are introduced, when they leave someone, and every time they meet. No matter how many times they run into each other during the day, they will shake hands each time. Men should wait for a woman to extend her hand first. Some older Romanians will kiss a woman’s hand. If seated, men should rise when being introduced to someone; women may remain seated. Good friends will greet each other expansively. Men may kiss each other on both cheeks or the mouth. At social gatherings, wait for your host to introduce you to everyone there. The order of names in Romania is the same as in the United States: first name followed by surname. Only close adult friends and relatives address each other by their first names. Adults address the young by their first names.Always address Romanian professionals by their title (Doctor, Engineer, Professor, and so forth) and surname.

Gestures
Businessman in Romania wear hats. It is considered polite to remove one’s hat when indoors, even in the lobby of a large building. Romanian farmers wear Tyrolean hats similar to the type worn by Chico Marx in the old Marx Brothers movies; do not insult them by laughing at their head gear. Romanian gestures tend to be expansive, reflecting both Italian and Slavic influences. To call someone a cuckold, a Romanian extends his first and little fingers (the same “hook ‘em horns” gesture used by University of Texas football fans). The “fig” gesture- the thumb between the index and middle fingers of a clenched fist- is an insult.

Dress

• Casualty Western-style dress is common; jeans are everywhere. However, business people are still expected to dress in conservative business apparel. Men wear dark suits except in summer, when short-sleeved shirts with ties are acceptable; women wear suits and heels. Make sure your shoes are well polished. Don’t bother to bring formal wear (tuxedo and evening gowns); business wear will suffice for formal occasions. Shorts are appropriate only for the country or the shore, not in the cities. Unless specified otherwise, assume that invitations to a Romanian house or restaurant call for the same clothes you wear for business. Women should wear a skirt and have their shoulders covered when entering an Orthodox church. Covering up one’s hair is not required. (pp. 309-313) Morrison, Terri, Wayne A. Conaway, and George A. Borden. Kiss, Bow, or Shake

Hands: How to Do Business in Sixty Countries. Holbrook, MA: B. Adams, 1994.

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