...Topic: Dancing in the Elizabethan era Annotated Bibliography Mahabal, Prasad. "Elizabethan England Life." Elizabethan Era Dances Dancing. N.p., Nov. 2013. Web. 16 Nov. 2013. This website contains information on different aspects of dancing and dances during the Elizabethan time period. The web page is divided into four different sections. These sections are; the introduction, Dances of the Upper Class, Famous Elizabethan Dancing Masters, and The influence of Queen Elizabeth I (on dance). The author of this website, Prasad Mahabal, has a M.A. in history. This makes the This website was last updated in November 2013 with means any new information discovered on this topic could be included to make this website more accurate. Wagner, J. A. Historical Dictionary of the Elizabethan World: Britain, Ireland, Europe, and America. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx, 1999. 77. Print. This book contains ideas, things, people, and events relating to the Elizabethan era. These topics are arranged in alphabetical order. Each topic got a section where it was described and defined in a clear and easy to read manner. There weren’t many pictures or illustrations in this book but the ones that were there helped the reader comprehend the description. This book was published in 1999, quite a while ago. However, it is on a subject that does not change often so the information typically stays rather constant so it is a safe bet that the information in this book is very relevant. The descriptions in the...
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...Sketches by Boz “The Streets - Morning” The Victorian London streets is a familiar setting of Dicken's works with “Oliver Twist” and “A Christmas Carol” being some his most memorable works. In this passage Dickens offers the reader an alternative London, one without the energetic crowds but instead a much more disquieting place where the streets are dull and lifeless. We are met with a silent neighbourhood before the sun has risen and through the use of characters, setting and comparisons the reader receives a rich picture of the sunless streets. The passage begins with the introduction of the Victorian London scene on a summer morning. The reader is taken by surprise by the opening sentence where “The streets of London on a summer's morning” are described to be “most striking”. Dickens' interesting choice of words places the pre-dawn London scene in the summer, a time of warmth and sun, however we are offered a nineteenth century London that is typically portrayed with a bleak, grey backdrop. Few people roam this neighbourhood apart from those “whose unfortunate pursuits of pleasure, or scarcely less unfortunate pursuits of business, cause them to be well acquainted with the scene.” This leads to the belief that each summer's morning starts off like this, colourless and melancholy; the people who happen to be awake at this dreary hour are the rogues who remain. Each just as depressed as the other, and both's search for something more than the blind acceptance of a morose...
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...Q2: Comparison of Jane Eyre and “Goblin Market” Bronte’s Jane Eyre and Rossetti’s “Goblin Market” are both texts written in the Victorian period. They both carry similar themes of the evils of patriarchy and the importance of empowering women to assert their identity in this time period. Both Jane Eyre and Laura are characters that are affected by the issues that mainly affected women in the male-dominated Victorian society. This is clearly portrayed when the men in both texts try to confine women physically and emotionally through deception and force. The different portrayal of both male and female characters also plays a very important role in communicating these issues. Rossetti’s “Goblin Market” can be read as a criticism of Victorian arrangement of marriage. She stresses the importance of women’s friendship as the main agent that can help in fighting against or changing society’s exploitation of women. The two sisters represent two different kinds of women; Lizzie, the submissive ones and Laura, those that fought against patriarchy, and the goblins represent the patriarchal system. It shows that women can control their destinies, gain some level of independence, and avoid society’s oppressive rules and work towards their liberation and happiness. In the Victorians society men where more educated, powerful and rich hence they dominated women. Women were subjugated to the home as housewives whilst their husbands earned money for the family. This gave the men even more...
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...The Progressive Era, (1890s-1920s) was an age of reform, the nation’s response to the industrial revolution. Its effects touched virtually all Americans and transformed the role of government in American society. Although some areas of American life, namely, racial issues and women's rights, were neglected during the progressive age, the groundwork was laid for future reforms in those areas and others. After reviewing the Progressive Movement of the first two decades, the key principles were Democracy, Municipal Administration, Efficiency, the regulation of large corporations and monopolies, social work, and conservationism. The Progressives failed to achieve all their goals because, despite their efforts, they never fully came to terms with the divisions and conflicts in American society. Again and again, they acknowledged the existence of social disharmony more fully and frankly than had nineteenth-century Americans. Thus progressivism inevitably fell short of its rhetoric and intentions. Lest this seem an unfairly critical evaluation, it is important to recall how terribly ambitious were the stated aims and true goals of the reformers. They missed some of their marks because they sought to do so much. And, despite all their shortcomings, they accomplished an enormous part of what they set out to achieve. No, the first war can't be regarded as a Progressive conflict, that wasn't what the War was about and I would only see it as an impediment for the Progressive Reforms...
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...With close reference to the extract, show how Charles Dickens creates mood and atmosphere ( 10 marks) Dickens creates mood and atmosphere by using a variety of techniques and language devices. His choice of words creates a sense of gloom and dismay that reflects the character of Scrooge. This extract starts with a reference of the setting in Victorian England during the 1800s. Electric lights were rare so the darkness in the streets was enhanced by the fog and the ‘flaring links’ that provided light to people. This could refer to the need for light in Scrooge’s life. His was dark with selfishness. Christianity was practiced by most people during the Victorian times but Scrooge was unaffected by the themes of kindness and love that the religion advocated. This is reflected by Dickens writing ‘‘the ancient tower of a church… became invisible’’ where the use of personification highlights the withdrawal of the old bell from Scrooge’s visibility. Pathetic fallacy makes the extract highly effective in contributing to the coldness of Scrooge’s personality , ‘the cold became intense’ adds an atmosphere of frosty bitterness which is exactly how Scrooge is portrayed. In the midst of this miserable weather there is a change of mood when we read ‘’some labourers… had lighted a great fire ‘ which lightens the dismal atmosphere. This could foreshadow changes in Scrooge’s life by the end of the novel. The ‘ragged men and boys’ could rejoice even when affected by icy weather conditions,...
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...* In what ways does leadership at HCL Technologies use new-era concepts such as shared leadership and collaboration to change culture, structure, and processes to support and sustain innovation? Leadership at HCL Technologies has used new-era concepts in numerous ways to support and sustain innovation. Instead of having everything fall on the CEO’s shoulders, Nayar decided to create a section in the “U&I” portal called “My Problems”, which consisted of issues, questions, and concerns that were challenging to him. Many employees reached out to him to with their different ideas and offered suggestions that allowed for him to look at problems differently, and think outside of the box. On many instances, Nayar engaged in a back and forth dialogue with the portals contributors with questions like, What is the fundamental nature of the problem and how does it really affect us? (Nayar, 2010). By having these discussions with the contributors, it began to shift the responsibility of actions from the CEO to the employees. Another concept that was implemented, were employee communities called “Employee First Councils”. This idea was based upon trying to figure out things such as: What are the employees about and who are they? What are their ethics and what are they passionate about? Nayar felt as though if he was able to engage people around their passions and comfort areas, they’d be more inclined to take responsibility, and they’d be more passionate about their jobs. By implementing...
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...Explore Wilde’s Presentation of Women in “A Woman of No Importance” A woman of no importance was written late in the Victorian period and was first published in 1893. This was a time of change in traditional English society, the class system, that has stood in place for so many years, was brought into question, a long with the role of women in society with early ideas of gender equality and ‘women’s suffrage’ campaigns. In ‘A woman of no importance’ Wilde explores these changing views and offers several, contrasting presentations of women that existed in Upper Class Victorian society, which I will explore in this essay. One presentation, which some may perceive as the most obvious one, is that women are weak, feeble creatures who need male influence in their lives in order to be able to function. There are several examples of women being presented this way throughout the play; firstly, the way in which Mrs Arbuthnot is shown to be completely dependent on the males in her life throughout the play, firstly on George Harford, and then on Gerald. In the passionate speech she makes to Gerald at the end of act 3 she tells him, in the third person, of her undying love for George she felt at the age of eighteen, ‘he made her love him so much that she left her father’s house’, for her to leave her home and ‘(to break her) father’s heart’, Rachel must have felt that she could not live without George, showing her total devotion and dependence on him. Earlier in the play, we see how...
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...herself, because other people may not believe that she has potential. Esther Greenwood has always had exceptional intelligence. Esther has constantly received straight A’s through primary and secondary school and also through college. She declares “All my life I’d told myself studying and reading and writing and working like mad was what I wanted to do, and it actually seemed to be true, I did everything well enough and got all A’s and by the time I made it to college nobody could stop me. (31)” When it comes to receiving an education, Esther can succeed with ease. Now that Esther’s days of education have come to an end she must concentrate on her future. Esther states “The one thing I was good at was winning scholarships and prizes, and that era was coming to an end. (77)” Esther now realizes that she can not obtain a substantial income by just winning scholarships and prizes through her entire life. Her years of winning of scholarships and prizes have ended and Esther must now find a way to apply her knowledge to find a suitable career. In her search to find a suitable career, Esther must reflect on her current skills and abilities. Esther must keep the...
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...vice president, walked into the monthly companywide meeting with a light step and a hopefulness she hadn’t felt in a long time. The company’s new, dynamic CEO was going to announce a new era of employee involvement and empowerment at Elektra Products, an 80-year-old, publicly held company that had once been a leading manufacturer and retailer of electrical products and supplies. In recent years, the company experienced a host of problems: market share was declining in the face of increased foreign and domestic competition; new product ideas were few and far between; departments such as manufacturing and sales barely spoke to one another; morale was at an all-time low, and many employees were actively seeking other jobs. Everyone needed a dose of hope. Martin Griffi n, who had been hired to revive the failing company, briskly opened the meeting with a challenge: “As we face increasing competition, we need new ideas, new energy, new spirit to make this company great. And the source for this change is you—each one of you.” He then went on to explain that under the new empowerment campaign, employees would be getting more information about how the company was run and would be able to work with their fellow employees in new and creative ways. Martin proclaimed a new era of trust and cooperation at Elektra Products. Barbara felt the excitement stirring within her; but as she looked around the room, she saw many of the other employees, including her friend...
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...How far do you agree with the opinion that Wilde uses conventions of dramatic comedy in The Importance Of Being Earnest to satirise and undermine the institution of marriage? Lane Lane: I attribute it to the superior quality of the wine, sir. I have often observed that in married households the champagne is rarely of a first- rate brand. Algernon: Is marriage so demoralising as that? Lane: I believe it is a very pleasant state, sir. I have had very little experience of it myself up to the present. I have only been married once. That was in consequence of a misunderstanding between myself and a young person. Even though lane does not think marriage is demoralising, he is not to be trusted as he later says, ‘consequence of a misunderstanding between myself and a young person’. This then raises the question of why did his marriage end, if it was not ‘demoralising’ or a ‘pleasant state?’ Algernon regards Lane’s views on marriage as “somewhat lax.” Laid back or not as strict as it should be taken + Questions of marriage and whether its ‘demoralising’ or a ‘pleasant state’ are mentioned so early in the play, by lane and Algernon. This depicts that the rest of the play will be an ongoing debate on the institution of marriage. Algernon; Oh! There is no use speculating on that subject. Divorces are made In Heaven (Act1, page 4) this shows an inversion as the actual phrase is meant to say that ‘marriage are made in heaven’. (A reversal of the usual order of words) this might...
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...Compare and contrast Wilde’s presentation of the fallen woman in A Woman of No Importance with Hardy’s presentation of the same issue in Tess of the D’Urbervilles. Say how far you agree with the view that Hardy provokes more sympathy through his portrayal than Wilde. Wilde and Hardy both present their heroines as the ‘fallen woman’ against the backdrop of Victorian society. This portrayal by the authors of their heroines and the contrasting ways in which each character deals with their own situation leads us to empathise with their burdens and gain a deeper insight into their thoughts and emotions. As we witness the deepening punishments and tragedies unfolding for each character, both authors also succeed in eliciting our sympathy for these women as they enable us to experience the unfairness and injustice of the world as it was then. Wilde demonstrates the sheer devastation for a woman, of becoming ‘ruined’ through his character Mrs Arbuthnot as she expresses her demoralising thoughts and deep feelings that she has not spoken of before. We witness the destruction foisted upon her state of mind by the label of ‘fallen woman’ that was bestowed upon Mrs Arbuthnot, through the way that she scrutinises herself and expresses that she is a “tainted thing”. This metaphor implies that she believes her actions are so horrendous that she has been de-humanised and should be regarded as something impure. When describing her emotional burdens she states “I will bear them alone”. This simple...
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...individual style of the clothes and the high price tags. The building is the main feature of All Saints which sets it apart from other high street shops; it’s a converted bank, however it’s been renovated to look and feel like a church, this view is gained from entry as you step through the huge wooden doors. The ceilings are high, the arches, pillars and cornices are incredible, the tiled floor is amazing, and the centre of the store has a beautiful round ceiling mural with a balcony surrounding and a trio of gold, goblet type ornaments. The shop is very gothic in style and having every wall painted a dark grey colour contributes the styling of the clothes and the mood the shop puts you in; it’s like a fantasy world where the Victorian era meets modern Soho or downtown New York. Lighting in the store consists of spotlights on the ceiling pointing down at each fixture or display of clothing; this provides great contrast to the blandness of the colours and also highlights the garments beauty. The spotlights also contribute to the exclusive, almost celebrity feeling as they transform the store into a kind of set, depicting a story, as would be done in a movie. There is a hanging cruciform, created from very bright, stark naked bulbs. This creates a very artistic and creative view and a rock ‘n’ roll feel within the store, allowing the consumer to really understand the innovative and conceptual brand they are purchasing from. The theme of crosses...
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...Discuss the 'Fallen Woman' as a Familiar Feature of Victorian Writing Elizabeth Gaskell's Mary Barton may be characterised as a 'social problem' novel. Basch (1974: 263) states, 'Mrs Gaskell's impure women came from ... the work and exploitation which she knew, relatively speaking, better than other novelists.' Gaskell was the wife of a Unitarian clergyman in Manchester. She devoted her time to setting up homes for fallen women, and after Mary Barton women became her central characters, her novels primarily seen through women's eyes. Thomas Hardy, since his career began, has been notably associated with his portrayal of female characters. Erving Howe even writes about 'Hardy's gift for creeping intuitively into the emotional life of women.' (Boumelha 1982: 3) From this point of view, I intend this essay to establish a comparison between Gaskell's 'fallen woman' in Mary Barton and the way in which Thomas Hardy frames his central female character in Tess of the D'Urbervilles.In the context of the nineteenth century, there emerged an increasingly ideological 'rethinking' of sexuality, particularly of the female. Darwin's Origin of Species in 1859 and The Descent of Man later in 1871 argued that men and women were somehow mentally different. Darwinian sociology led to sexual stereotypes such as Clement Scott's 'men are born "animals" and women "angels" so it is in effect only natural for men to indulge their sexual appetites and, hence, perverse, "unnatural" for women to act in the...
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...born in the year 1817, Victorian Era Mid 19th century till to beginning of 20th century, Hard Times published on 1854, Schools become mandatory in 1889. _____________________________________________________________________ OUR TALK WILL BE DIVIDED INTO 4 PARTS: INTRODUCTION OF VICTORIAN ERA The Victorian era of British history: was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from 20 June 1837 until her death, on 22 January 1901. It was a long period of peace, prosperity, refined sensibilities and national self-confidence for Britain, where during that time, the British Empire has existed for centuries and was able to maintain a world order which rarely threatened Britain’s wider strategic interests. By the end of Queen Victoria’s reign, The British empire extended over about one-fifth of the earth’s surface and at least a quarter of the world’s population. One of the ways they achieved such a thing is through the Industrial Revolution. What is the Industrial Revolution exactly? Prior to the Industrial Revolution, a working person would be lucky to have 1 or 2 shirts. To make fabric, these people had to spend their whole lives weaving this shirt and as demand for british goods increased, they needed a way to speed up things in a way without affecting it economically. As a result, they came up with the idea of factories where workers would repeat the same thing over and over again. So I want you to think like a business man in the victorian era right now. What would make sense for...
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...Discuss the 'Fallen Woman' as a Familiar Feature of Victorian Writing Victorian social conventions placed the female inside the male domain, a domestically cultivated flower rather than a wild one, uncontrollable and free to roam. Woman was idealised: the angel in the house, the wife complementing her husband, the helpmate of man. Social conditions offered the Victorian woman little in occupation so her aim in life was to secure a husband, succumbing to the political propaganda. As Foster states: Because so much importance was attached to the roles of wifehood and motherhood, marriage was deemed the apotheosis of womanly fulfilment, alternatives to which were regarded as pitiable or unnatural.( Foster 1985: 6) In this role of wife, woman's great function is to praise her husband and, in return, she shall be praised for ruling inside the home where she can be 'incapable of error' (Ruskin 1865: 149) In Ruskin's lecture his view is that a husband is a chivalric knight guarding his wife from the 'peril and trial' he encounters. For the 'noble' woman, her true place is in the home, an 'incorruptibly good household nun', praised for choosing 'self-renunciation' over 'self-development'(D'Amico 1992: 69). This could also be viewed as oppression. Rather than the female 'complementing' the male, she is oppressed by him, and the praise offered by Ruskin could be viewed as a weapon, lulling the female into a false consciousness, trapping her inside the home. For the Victorian...
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