...If I was a justice on the Supreme Court in Roper versus Simmons, I would have voted with a disagreement. Christopher Simmons stated that he wanted to kill someone. In a frightening and callous mind frame, Simmons discussed his plan to commit murder with two friends. He calculated how the burglary and murder would be executed and they getting away with it because they were minors. After one friend refused to participate, Simmons and the other friend entered the home of Shirley Crook. After reaching through an open window and unlocking the back door, Simmons turned on a hallway light awakening, Mrs. Crook. Simmons clearly knew that Mrs. Cook was home due to her response. In responding, he entered Mrs. Crook’s bedroom. Simmons recognized her from a previous car accident...
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...A study in California found that those who killed whites were over 3 times more likely to be sentenced to death than those who killed blacks. (Pierce & Radelet, Santa Clara Law Review, 2005). For over one hundred years there have been adamant efforts to abolish capital punishment in America. (Davis, 1957) The death penalty has been a constant controversy amongst American citizens. There are many standpoints to be taken on the dispute. Supporters of the death penalty plead that it can be justified with sufficient due process, while others contradict that a human’s life is irreplaceable and that every person has the right to live. In order to gain a deeper understanding and a better idea of the death penalty and its development into modern day society, it is crucial to examine the historical lawsuits that have been decided in favor or against the capital punishment in America. In 1987 a monumental lawsuit hit the Supreme Court. McCleskey vs. Kemp 481 U.S. 279, (1987), ruling that McCleskey was to be sentenced to death for an armed robbery that resulted in the murder of a police officer. Appealing for his life, McCleskey argued that studies proved that racial discrimination lived with in capital punishment rulings. He heavily relied on a study conducted by Professor David C. Baldus also known as “Baldus Study”. His study concluded that black defendants were more likely to be punished with capital punishment than white defendants, especially if the victim was white. McCleskey...
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...Asharin 1 Asharin, Justin 4/12/10 Gardner Philosophy Why Capital Punishment Works: Concepts of An Ideal Model Throughout the history of capital punishment, there have always been many criticisms of the penalty questioning everything from racial motivations to give the penalty, to why or why not juveniles should be exempt from the penalty, to the economic efficiency of it. Economically, many believe that the death penalty is a too long and drawn out process, and that giving life in prison is a more efficient process, and saves tax-payer money. In terms of discrimination, there has always been a subliminal sense against certain groups; with those being minorities and juveniles. The death penalty is supposed to only be given as a punishment based on the nature of a crime. However, certain statutes such as the minimum age law for the death penalty attempt to prevent true justice. If a juvenile is deemed competent, and their crime is heinous enough to incur the death penalty, then there is no reason as to why they should not be given it. As for minorities, there have always been questions as to why the majority of inmates on death row are African American. Although racism seems to be the easy answer, it is clear that the true reason is because many African Americans live in higher poverty areas were crime is rampant, thus making them more susceptible to committing heinous crimes. The death penalty should defend certain peoples, and should be used more often against...
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...negative behaviors in the legal system. Capital Punishment 4 Capital Punishment over the years has always been one of the most controversial topics that stay in communication with our legal system. In committing murder as a child, it is hard not to become judgmental in thinking that a child knows right from wrong. When thinking of a teenage child committing murder at times you may think do they really realize what they have just done and do they even know the consequences. My position is juveniles who commit the act of murder should not have to suffer the resolution of capital punishment because they are still children and their brains are not fully developed as an adult. In most cases it is a known fact that children do not make rational decisions in most case they think irrational. To send a child to a confined environment to take time to think about their actions I feel is more reasonable than to take the life another this should not be about (an eye for eye). There are many more reasonable options such as rehabilitation,...
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...The vital problem of death penalty for children as one of the most important issues of the contemporary system of justice. The death penalty issue has always been one of the most important issues of the contemporary system of justice. Years ago the majority of the criminals were male over 20, but nowadays the situation has quite changed. Not only grown-ups but also by children who are under 18 years old nowadays commit murders and other terrible crimes. Ordinarily, a young criminal is not applied the same restrictions for his crime as a grown criminal is, nevertheless if it especially goes about capital crimes people start talking about the death penalty for such juveniles. A child always remains a child and if he commits a crime it is not because he has had a good life. It is not the guilt of the children, but their big misfortune. It is a misfortune of not having anybody to love and truly support them and lead them in the correct direction. Along with that it is common knowledge that the period of 11 through 17 is a period of an especially intensive changes both in the organism and the mind of a child. That is why it is not fair to put a child in the same line with a grown up that can be completely responsible for his actions. A child is not mentally capable of comprehending the crime he or she commits. The system of values in the age under 18 is not built yet, other people can easily influence children and the psychic process are not stable yet. Under these conditions...
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...On the Issues throughout History The courts have made different judgments in cases concerning civil rights and liberties. 2 In the case of Barrow V. 3 Baltimore of 1833, the Supreme Court stipulated the bill of rights applied to the national government, not the states. The court held that Americans have dual citizenship and the bill of rights protected citizens from the national government, not the states. The law barred the federal government from conducting terrible activities to the people, but the state was free to carry the same actions (Benzine). In 1883, the court decided that the 1875 Civil Rights Act was unconstitutional under the fourteenth and thirteenth amendments. It created a state doctrine that allowed discrimination. In 1923, Meyer v. Nebraska, the precedent removed the ban on the study of foreign languages in private schools. The court said that the ban was against the Fourteenth Amendment. In 1982, the case of Plyler v. Doe, the ruling struck down a Texas law that denied funding the education of immigrants' children. In 2005 Roper v. Simmons case, the court stipulated that capital punishment for juveniles was unconstitutional. In Fisher v. University of Texas case of 2013, the court reinforced the application of strict review to undergraduate admissions which were on a racial basis. In 2015, the ban on same-sex marriages was lifted granting the constitutional right to marry in the case Obergefell v. Hodges. In 2016, University of Texas v. Fisher, the court held...
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...Court Rye Market Research Nintendo DS – Marketing Strategy Problem/Situation Description: Ten years ago Nintendo dominated both the console and handheld gaming industry. Today the gaming industry has grown so much that it is competing directly with the movie industry! Growth in this industry is occurring in the demographic of 18-34 year olds. Nintendo is primarily focused on 5-17 year old gamers with its first party software, especially in the handheld gaming market. As the industry expands Nintendo is struggling to retain market share percentages as their primary market of young male gamers is already saturated. Marketing Objectives: Increase Nintendo’s market share and boost sales without losing touch with the current market of 5-17 year old males. Target Audience: The suggested target audience for Nintendo to expand towards is 5-17 year old females. Budget: The three tools suggested for reaching the target consumer most effectively are TV commercials, movie theater pre-show trailers, and the actual casing and packaging of the product. A high quality 30 second commercial is estimated to cost $100,000 to $350,000 dollars. Movie trailer slides are estimated to start at $1500+ for a four week period. Casing and packaging redesign costs are unknown but estimated to be relatively small when spread over the number of units being produced. Total costs for the Nintendogs Pink DS promotion would be nearly $30 Million dollars over the span of four months. Strategy:...
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...Rodolfo Baggio Marianna Sigala Alessandro Inversini Juho Pesonen Editors Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2014 eProceedings of the ENTER 2014 PhD Workshop in Dublin, Ireland. January 21, 2014 Preface The advent of Information and communication technology (ICT) has had a paramount impact on tourism. The effects of this revolution continue to change the nature of contemporary tourism on a day-to-day base. The globalization of information, open innovation, better access, collaboration in a generation of information and technological convergence, have all contributed to the design of a new scientific paradigm. Thanks to our passion for research and to the continuous advancements in the technological ecosystem as well as the possibility of better understanding human activity and behavior we are on the threshold of a new era of the social science of tourism. This new social and technological paradigm affects tourism and human mobility in a way that gives the research process unheard-of possibilities. The current level of technological development allows for the construction of objects that are smaller, more intelligent and embedded in the environment and even wearable. These objects, which record and learn our habits are connected to the Internet and they have computing capabilities. They can also be interconnected and generate large quantities of information to benefit the environment in which they are located as well as the travellers that possess...
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...the constitution. Some most important delegated powers are: the authority to tax, regulated interstate commerce, authority to declare war, and grants the president role of commander and chief of the military • Implied Powers: Powers not expressed in the constitution, but that can be inferred. “Necessary and proper clause” • Concurrent powers: powers shared by both levels of government. Ex: Taxes, roads, elections, commerce, establishing courts and a judicial system • Reserved powers: powers not assigned by the constitution to the national government but left to the states or the people. Guaranteed by the 10th amendment. Include “police power”-health and public welfare, intra-state commerce. Example of police powers: Gonzales vs Raich (2005) and California Medical Marijuana. The parts and relevance of the "Triad of Powers" • Interstate commerce clause • General welfare • 10th amendment – non-delegated powers go to the states Federalism between states (i.e. full faith and credit and privileges and immunities clause, original...
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...Business Plans Handbook Business Plans A COMPILATION OF BUSINESS PLANS DEVELOPED BY INDIVIDUALS NORTH THROUGHOUT AMERICA Handbook VOLUME 16 Lynn M. Pearce, Project Editor Business Plans Handbook, Volume 16 Project Editor: Lynn M. Pearce Product Manager: Jenai Drouillard Product Design: Jennifer Wahi Composition and Electronic Prepress: Evi Seoud Manufacturing: Rita Wimberley Editorial: Erin Braun ª 2010 Gale, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Gale Customer Support, 1-800-877-4253. For permission to use material...
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...GROUP INTERACTION JOURNAL ARTICLES Compiled by Lawrence R. Frey University of Colorado at Boulder Aamodt, M. G., & Kimbrough, W. W. (1982). Effects of group heterogeneity on quality of task solutions. Psychological Review, 50, 171-174. Abbey, D. S. (1982). Conflict in unstructured groups: An explanation from control-theory. Psychological Reports, 51, 177-178. Abele, A. E. (2003). The dynamics of masculine-agentic and feminine-communal traits: Findings from a prospective study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 768-776. Abele, A., Gendolla, G. H. E., & Petzold, P. (1998). Positive mood and in-group—out-group differentiation in a minimal group setting. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 1343-1357. Aberson, C. L., Healy, M., & Romero, V. (2000). Ingroup bias and self-esteem: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4, 157-173. Abougendia, M., Joyce, A. S., Piper, W. E., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2004). Alliance as a mediator of expectancy effects in short-term group psychotherapy. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 8, 3-12. Abraham, A. (1973a). Group tensions as measured by configurations of different self and transself aspects. Group Process, 5, 71-89. Abraham, A. (1973b). A model for exploring intra and interindividual processes in groups. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 23, 3-22. Abraham, A. (1974-1975). Processes in groups. Bulletin de Psychogie, 28, 746-758. Abraham, A., Geffroy, Y., & Ancelin-Schutzenberger...
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...animal Books by Elliot Aronson Theories of Cognitive Consistency (with R. Abelson et al.), 1968 Voices of Modern Psychology, 1969 The Social Animal, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1995, 1999, 2004; (with J. Aronson), 2008 Readings About the Social Animal, 1973, 1977, 1981, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1995, 1999, 2004; (with J. Aronson), 2008 Social Psychology (with R. Helmreich), 1973 Research Methods in Social Psychology (with J. M. Carlsmith & P. Ellsworth), 1976 The Jigsaw Classroom (with C. Stephan et al.), 1978 Burnout: From Tedium to Personal Growth (with A. Pines & D. Kafry), 1981 Energy Use: The Human Dimension (with P. C. Stern), 1984 The Handbook of Social Psychology (with G. Lindzey), 3rd ed., 1985 Career Burnout (with A. Pines), 1988 Methods of Research in Social Psychology (with P. Ellsworth, J. M. Carlsmith, & M. H. Gonzales), 1990 Age of Propaganda (with A. R. Pratkanis), 1992, 2000 Social Psychology, Vols. 1–3 (with A. R. Pratkanis), 1992 Social Psychology: The Heart and the Mind (with T. D. Wilson & R. M. Akert), 1994 Cooperation in the Classroom: The Jigsaw Method (with S. Patnoe), 1997 Nobody Left to Hate: Teaching Compassion After Columbine, 2000 Social Psychology: An Introduction (with T. D. Wilson & R. M. Akert), 2002, 2005, 2007 The Adventures of Ruthie and a Little Boy Named Grandpa (with R. Aronson), 2006 Mistakes Were Made (But Not By Me) (with C. Tavris), 2007 Books by Joshua Aronson Improving Academic Achievement, 2002 The Social Animal To...
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...opportunities that will present themselves during the course of your study. You have come to an excellent university that is ranked top in 10 subjects under the Government’s Performance Based Research Fund. We are also internationally connected; we have research connections and student exchanges with some of the world’s top universities. I urge you to consider taking part in these while you are with us. Here at the University of Waikato, you will be taught by lecturers who are leaders in their fields of research and who win national teaching awards. We are proud of our academic quality and the fact that we turn out sought-after graduates who go on to take up important roles in all parts of the world. You will already have noticed our beautiful campus which is set in 68 hectares of gardens, green space and lakes. At the heart of it all is the new Student Centre, which was completed in 2011. With its accessible areas, Library services and multitude of facilities, it is a place for students to study or just gather together and we are very proud of this building. In 2011 we celebrated 10 years of another important building, the Gallagher Academy of Performing Arts. This world-class facility was the vision of a group of driven Waikato people. It quickly became a focal point in the campus and continues to be an important venue for the performing arts community. I encourage you to experience all our facilities during your study at Waikato. We are heading towards our 50th anniversary in 2014;...
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...TRABAJAR JUNTOS Acción colectiva, bienes comunes y múltiples métodos en la práctica Traducción, Lili Buj con la colaboración de Leticia Merino. Revisión técnica, Sofya Dolutskaya, Leticia Merino y Arturo Lara. Amy R. Poteete, Marco A. Janssen, Elinor Ostrom Trabajar Juntos Acción colectiva, bienes comunes y múltiples métodos en la práctica Primera edicion en inglés, 2010 Working Together: Collective Action, the Commons, and Multiple Methods in Practice de Amy R. Poteete, Marco A. Janssen, Elinor Ostrom Princeton University Press HD1289 .P75 2012 Poteete, Amy R. Trabajar juntos: acción colectiva, bienes comunes y múltiples métodos en la práctica / Amy R. Poteete, Marco A. Janssen, Elinor Ostrom; traducción Lili Buj Niles con la colaboración de Leticia Merino. --México: UNAM, CEIICH, CRIM, FCPS, FE, IIEc, IIS, PUMA; IASC, CIDE, Colsan, CONABIO, CCMSS, FCE, UAM, 2012. Incluye referencias bibliográficas 572 p.; Ilustraciones, graficas y cuadros Traducción de: Working Together: Collective Action, the Commons, and Multiple Methods in Practice. ISBN 978-607-02-3577-1 1. Recursos naturales comunes – Administración – Metodología. 2. Organización y métodos. I. Janssen, Marco A. II. Ostrom, Elinor. III. Buj Niles, Lili. IV. Merino, Leticia. V. Titulo. Este libro fue sometido a un proceso de dictaminación por académicos externos al Instituto, de acuerdo con las normas establecidas por el Consejo Editorial de las Colecciones de Libros del Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales...
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...This text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work’s original creator or licensee. Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/books Saylor.org 1 Preface Competing books are focused on the academic part of HRM, which is necessary in a university or college setting. However, the goal with this book is not only to provide the necessary academic background information but also to present the material with a practitioner’s focus on both large and small businesses. While the writing style is clear and focused, we don’t feel jargon and ten-dollar words are necessary to making a good textbook. Clear and concise language makes the book interesting and understandable (not to mention more fun to read) to the future HRM professional and manager alike. It is highly likely that anyone in business will have to take on an HRM role at some point in their careers. For example, should you decide to start your own business, many of the topics discussed will apply to your business. This is the goal of this book; it is useful enough for the HRM professional, but the information presented is also applicable to managers, supervisors, and entrepreneurs. Besides these differences, other key differences include the following: This book utilizes a technology focus and shows how HRM activities can be leveraged using technology. We have also included a chapter on communication and information...
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