...WORKING DILUTION PROBLEMS It is a common practice to determine microbial counts for both liquid and solid specimens--suspensions of E. coli in nutrient broth all the way to soil samples and hamburger meat. Most specimens have high enough numbers of microorganisms that the specimen has to be serially diluted to quantitate effectively. The following is a step-by-step procedure to working dilution problems, and includes some practice problems at the end. The purpose can be determination of bacterial, fungal, or viral counts (indirectly). This protocol is specific for bacterial counts (colony-forming units, CFUs), but can be modified for fungi (CFUs) and viruses (plaque-forming units, PFUs for viral counts). A set of serial dilutions is made, a sample of each is placed into a liquefied agar medium, and the medium poured into a petri dish. The agar solidifies, with the bacterial cells locked inside of the agar. Colonies grow within the agar, as well as on top of the agar and below the agar (between the agar and the lower dish). The procedure described above produces a set of pour plates from many dilutions, but spread plates (sample spread on top of solidified agar) can be used also. The agar plate allows accurate counting of the microorganisms, resulting from the equal distribution across the agar plate. This cannot be done with a fluid solution since 1) one cannot identify purity of the specimen, and 2) there is no way to enumerate the cells in a liquid. Bacterial colonies Viral...
Words: 835 - Pages: 4
...Royal Printing and Packaging Company Case 2 – Royal Printing and Packaging Company Fundamentals of Management Case 5-1 I. Executive Summary In May of 1989, the Royal Printing and Packaging Company, which was put up in 1962, was turned over by Ricardo Baltazar to his son Jose. The printing company’s primary supplies were high quality, good condition German brands of machines bought at low prices, including a Heidelberg Offset Kord, originally acquired at 380 000 pesos, now valued at 1.2 million pesos. Upon reviewing the company’s income statements and balance sheets, Jose noticed that company sales did not reach 1 million pesos despite being in the business for 25 years. In addition, he computed a 6% increase in net margin should assets be sold and treasury bills invested in. Jose presented the information to his father; however, the latter only gave him freedom in setting targets, not in making the decision as to whether or not the assets should be sold. Jose went back to researching and planning for his first year managing the printing company. II. Problem Statements Short Term What factors or variables should Jose take into account as a means for increasing the net income of the Royal Printing and Packaging Company? Long Term What measures must Jose take in order to improve market standing, innovate operations, upgrade physical and financial resources and increase profitability in order to sustain consumer interest, confidence and...
Words: 314 - Pages: 2
...Product, Pricing and Channels The Royal Caribbean Navigation app is only available for users of android and Apple devices. The app is free to download and is able to connect on all RCL guest using Royal Caribbean Wi-Fi networks. The Royal Caribbean navigation app connects to the ship networks in the port terminal as well. The Wi-Fi network is complimentary only if Royal Caribbean guest use it to access the app while the mobile device is on “airplane mode”. The Royal Caribbean navigation app complies with mobile device settings, so therefore within the app it allows the guest to change the settings to airplane mode. The Royal Caribbean app brings excitement to all guests with the wonderful countdown feature. The app allows the user to enter their plan vacation date, and the app will store the information to countdown to the scheduled vacation. The Royal Caribbean navigation app countdown minutes, hours, and days. With a simple tap of your smart device, Royal Caribbean navigator app permits guest to information regarding characters, deck parties, dining, entertainment, live shows, nightclubs and lounges, ports of call, spa services, shopping, youth clubs. The best part of the Royal Caribbean navigator app is the guest locator. Royal Caribbean guest are able to locate other guest in their group, which also have the app devices. Royal Caribbean guest is able to view what is happening every minute of every day. The Royal Caribbean navigator app syncs with the devices calendar to...
Words: 1858 - Pages: 8
...On 24 August 1910, ITC was corporated under the name Imperial Tobacco Company of India Limited. At 1970, when the Company's ownership progressively Indianised, the Company's name was changed from Imperial Tobacco Company of India Limited to India Tobacco Company Limited and in 1974 it turned to I.T.C Limited. In the recognisation of the company there was a wide range of business establishing in the market. The Company emphasis on the Fast Moving Consumer Goods which comprises of the Personal care products, Foods, Cigarettes and Cigars, Branded Apparel, Education and Stationery Products, Incense Sticks and Safety Matches, Paperboards & Specialty Papers, Packaging, Hotels , Agri-Business and Information Technology. ‘ITC’ is today no longer an acronym or an initialised form.It stands rechristened 'ITC Limited,' The first six decades of...
Words: 1744 - Pages: 7
...advanced companies of Pakistan. It is surely the market leader when it comes to providing packaging solutions. With the best business practices and most modern systems deployed, Packages Ltd is on top of the market. Packages Ltd. is an industrial organization manufacturing packaging material which provides services for other industries. Its business is to provide packaging materials for the products of different industries. It also produces all types of tissues available in the local market as well as for export purposes. There are more than 3000 employees working in the company. Packages Limited has had a joint venture with Tetra Pak International in Tetra Pak Pakistan Limited to manufacture paperboard for liquid food packaging and to market Tetra Pak packaging equipment. Packages commissioned its own paper mill with a production capacity of 24,000 tonnes in 1968. The mill produces paper and paperboard based on waste paper and agricultural by-products like wheat straw and river grass. With growing demand the capacity was increased periodically and in 2003 was nearly 100,000 tonnes per year. In the beginning 22 Swedish Experts came to Pakistan to run the factory and to train the Pakistani staff. Packages Limited was established in 1957 as a joint venture between the Ali Group of Pakistan and Akerlund & Rausing of Sweden, to convert paper and Paperboard into packaging for consumer industry in 1958 production of packaging cartons for different industries started packaging. Cartons...
Words: 26025 - Pages: 105
... SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT REPORT ON ANALYSIS OF PACKAGING STRATEGIES OF ITC Submitted for partial fulfillment of award of Master of Business Administration (MBA) From Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF SUBMITTED BY ABHISHEK KUMAR SAXENA ROLL NO.1380170008 Session: 2013-15 DECLARATION I ABHISHEK KUMAR SAXENA (ROLL NO.: 1380170008) student of MBA IIIrd semester , Year 2013-15, hereby declare that the Research Project Report titled “ANALYSIS OF PACKAGING STRATEGIES OF ITC” being submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of MBA degree by UPTU is my original work of Research and it has not...
Words: 15862 - Pages: 64
...1.Amazon The reason why Amazon is so successful is because they offer the cheapest price, even cheaper than Wal-mart. As a consumer, we are constantly looking for bargain and deals, what Amazon promises is the low price. Amazon also sells foreign products, they have sellers from all over the world. If a consumer if looking for a specific kind of herb, food or products from another country, they will more than likely to find the right product at Amazon. Another reason why Amazon is so successful is because they are the pioneer in e-commerce. Amazon started when internet was blooming, so they are able to get ahead of others in gaining market share and being an innovator. 2.Marketing process I would like a new Toyota Prius Hybrid. 1.Market knows that graduate doesn’t have a stable income so Toyota focus on a low price car that will cater to every customer. 2.Toyota’s customer driven market strategy is knowing that today’s consumer wants a fuel efficient car which will save them money, thus Toyota focus on that idea. 3.Toyota uses tv commercial to present the idea that Prius is a very reliable and fuel efficient car. Prius might be the only car that offers the best mileage as compared to other fuel dependent cars. 4.Toyota make sure that every consumer is happy when their products by offering them the best customer service. 5.Toyota has authorized car dealer all over the country. One customer doesn’t have to travel far to purchase a car. 3.Consumers – “we don’t...
Words: 1407 - Pages: 6
...are such as the physical needs including foods, clothes, and accommodation; while the social needs including belonging and affection and last which is the individual needs such as knowledge and self-expression. According to Kotler and Keller (2009) needs are the basic human requirements. People need foods, air, water clothing, shelter to survive and people also have strong needs for recreation, education and entertainment. 1.2 Wants Wants that defined as the human needs that shaped by culture, individual personality and the demand to have something, which are products and services. According to Boyd, Walker and Larreche (1998) wants reflect a person’s desires and preferences for specific ways of satisfying a basic needs. For example, a company needs office space and its top executives want an office at a prestigious address in midtown Manhattan (Boyd,Walker and Larreche 1998). 2.0 Decision-Making Process / Buyer Behaviour 2.1 Decision-Making Process Decision-making process is process that made by the consumer before the purchase of a product. The following is the five-stage model of decision-making processes made by the consumer: Source: (Brassington and Pettitt, 2007, Essentials of Marketing, 2nd edn, p.70)...
Words: 3933 - Pages: 16
...Capstan, Berkeley, Bristol and Flake, Silk Cut and Duke. The Company has been able to build on its leadership position because of its single minded focus on value creation for the consumer through significant investments in product design, innovation, manufacturing technology, quality, marketing and distribution. All initiatives are therefore worked upon with the intent to fortify market standing in the long term. This in turns aids in designing products which are contemporary and relevant to the changing attitudes and evolving socio economic profile of the country. This strategic focus on the consumer has paid ITC handsome dividends. ITC's pursuit of international competitiveness is reflected in its initiatives in the overseas markets. In the extremely competitive US market, ITC offers high-quality, value-priced cigarettes and Roll-your-own solutions. In West Asia, ITC has become a key player in the GCC markets through growing volumes of its brands. ITC's cigarettes are produced in its state-of-the-art factories at Bengaluru, Munger, Saharanpur, Kolkata and Pune. These factories are known for their high levels of quality, contemporary technology and work environment. ITC Limited (BSE: 500875) or ITC is an Indian public conglomerate company headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.[1] Its diversified business includes four segments: Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG), Hotels, Paperboards, Paper & Packaging and Agri Business. ITC's annual...
Words: 3040 - Pages: 13
...7 Technology and Control: the interactive dimensions of journalism Anthony Smith The newspaper and the novel were the first cultural forms to emerge directly from printing; they were both essentially publishing phenomena and developed in England in the aftermath of the expiration in 1695 of the Licensing Act when printers, no longer limited in numbers by statute, were free to flourish - or perish - according to the behaviour of the market. 1 Journalism has thus a similar relationship to printing as pop music to the phonograph or the film to photography: it depends upon an industrial activity, it involves the creative individual as a worker within a fairly complex process of manufacturing and distribution. The journalism is, as it were, the 'software' supplied to fill the 'hardware' of the newspaper system, and it thus serves as a pioneer example of the working of modern mechanical media. Unfortunately the newspaper is only now beginning to be studied historically as a media system;2 most of those interested in the history of the press have been hitherto concerned with the newspaper either as a component of 'Whig' history, concentrating on those elements which illustrate the great tide of public freedom swelling from the eighteenth century onwards,3 or else as a component of a kind of 'Whiggism-in-reverse', bringing out those elements which illustrate the increasing amiseration or exploitation of the new mass readership.4 Part of the interest in...
Words: 8374 - Pages: 34
...| 2015 | | | [snail farming business plan | | University of Northampton New venture Student Name Joseph riak ID Number : Snail new Ventur 9 mentieth close Milton Keynes Telephone number 0794406976976 Email : joseph mutonyi@yahoo.co.uk Table of content 1. Table of contents Introduction Business plan A business plan is essential tool of communication, it aids in the management of the organisation acting as a road map to the objective of the business. The business plan can help the business by guiding and manifesting to the interested parties what danger is a head and call for management action. (Wickham 2006) 2. Executive summary The objective of summary is to Snail new venture is a start-up snail farm that will grow, bleed, process and sell snail’s delicacy and snail eggs, farming them using the intensive method. We will not farm them using extensive method, which involves allowing then to pasture on their own naturally in the field without interfering with them , this method is not suitable for it has limitation and so we will use intensive method system where we grow snails in a protected controlled environment. We will first start with two types of snails * Giant African snail * French apetii Gris ( helix aspersa) Snail new venture will be located in Bletchley Milton Keynes Aim and objectives Snail new venture will serve the high end restaurant with the quality services and high value products. No use of...
Words: 4815 - Pages: 20
...Executive Summary The following report will determine the strategic position of Rolls-Royce and the environmental impact of a new technology upon that strategic position. The report will analyse and evaluate the role and impact of short to medium range single aisle narrow body aircraft on the strategic position of Rolls-Royce. The report will focus on the civil aerospace business of Rolls-Royce and will use Rolls-Royce Inchinnan as a base model. The Boeing 737 series and Airbus A320 are the most popular aircraft ever produced with a 737 landing in the world every five seconds. The 737 in particular will reach the end of its service life within the next ten years. Southwest airlines are requesting an overdue replacement with most airframes living thirty years, the original 737 was released in 1967. The effect of the next generation 737, released in 1998, retiring will leave a considerable gap to be filled. Rolls-Royce does not power the Boeing 737which is monopolised by Pratt and Whitney and General Electric. Should Rolls-Royce attain a share of this market it will become the largest contract ever undertaken by Rolls-Royce. The new aircraft is currently under development and is expected to form the latest of aerospace technology such as composite structures, geared turbofans or open rotor designs. All of the large aerospace manufacturers are currently vying for involvement in the programme for should the new edition emanate the previous, the returns will be substantial...
Words: 12862 - Pages: 52
...Annual Report Mughal is proud to have been a patron of Naqsh over are happy to dedicate the theme of this year’s to the revival of traditional naqashi, using some of the artworks produced by the A era. On the Naqsh School Cover Page: magnificent display of true arabesque patterns coming to life – Jahangir’s tomb Afshan Ijaz, n.d. a masterpiece inspired by created by in Lahore. of Arts. Ottoman Majesty The strikingly intricate beauty of a 16th century ceiling artwork. the mausoleum of Shah Rukn-e-Alam in Multan. A spectacularly intricate painting depicting Created 2 by Sadia Jamil, 2012 Annual Report of Packages Limited 2012 Contents 04 Company Profile 06 Company Information 08 Organogram 10 Business Divisions 21 Entity Rating Governance 22 24 26 30 31 Board of Directors Management Committees Vision, Mission and Policies Core Values Code of Conduct Stakeholders’ Information 32 34 38 39 40 42 Decade at a Glance Horizontal and Vertical Analysis Value Added and its Distribution Sources and Application of Funds Corporate Calendar Corporate Social Responsibility Shareholders’ Information 46 48 58 Notice of Annual General Meeting Directors’...
Words: 78521 - Pages: 315
...HOW TO MAKE AT LEAST $100,000 Or More A Year As A Used and Rare Book Seller On The Internet BY YOUR NAME BY YOUR NAME Web Site: http://www.your-web-site-here.com Email: yourname@your-web-site-here.com ( Copyright 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission. Excerpts may be used with proper credit and contact information (address, telephone number or website URL of the publisher) No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage and/or financial loss sustained to persons or property as a matter of the use of this report. While every effort has been made to ensure reliability of the information within, the liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use, misuse or abuse of the operation of any methods, strategies, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein is the sole responsibility of the reader. The reader is encouraged to seek competent legal and accounting advice before engaging in any business activity. Introduction Not only am I going to show you step-by-step how to make $100,000 each year with your own business on the Internet I'm going to share with you exactly how I do it! Now, you can copy exactly what I'm doing- dealing in out-of-print and...
Words: 36393 - Pages: 146
...Letter of Transmittal September 25, 2012 The Supervisor Roushan Ara Sultana Assistant Professor Faculty of Business Administration University of Science & Technology Chittagong (USTC) Subject: Submission of BBA Internship Report on “Analysis of the Cement Industries of Bangladesh in respect to Royal Cement Limited.” Dear Madam, It is indeed, a great pleasure for me to be able to submit my internship report on “Analysis of the Cement Industries of Bangladesh in respect to Royal Cement Limited” I expect this report to fulfill the requirements of my internship program (BBA) at Royal Cement Limited. I have given my best effort in preparing this report and top makes it a worthy one. In order to prepare this report I have gathered some practical knowledge about Royal Cement Limited, which will assist me to incorporate my professional life and will enrich my real of knowledge. My each aspect of the topic is tried to cover as required and as per direction. I would like to take this opportunity to thank you for all the help that you extended throughout the writing of this report. I fervently hope that you will find this report worth reading. If you have any queries regarding this report, you are welcome to contact me. Sincerely Yours Pappu Kumar Banik Roll No: - 697, Reg. No: - 671 (BBA) 23rd Batch Faculty of Business Administration University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC) Page | 1 University of Science and Technology Chittagong Acknowledgements First of all,...
Words: 30737 - Pages: 123
