Today's college students are less prepared for college-level work than their predecessors. Once they get to college, they tend to spend fewer hours studying while spending more hours working, some even full time (D. T. Smart, C. A. Kelley, & J. S. Conant, 1999). In this study, the authors examined the effect of both time spent studying and time spent working on academic performance. The authors further evaluated the interaction of motivation and ability with study time and its effect on academic performance. The results suggested that nonability variables like motivation and study time significantly interact with ability to influence academic performance. Contrary to popular belief, the amount of time spent studying or at work had no direct influence on academic performance. The authors also addressed implications and direction for future research.
Nonis, S. A. (2010, August 7). Academic Performance of College Students: Influence of Time Spent Studying and Working. Retrieved February 09, 2016, from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3200/JOEB.81.3.151-159#.VrlxqRjRKko

Employment among college students has been increasing rapidly. Its effect on the academic performance of students has been questioned by many researchers (Green, 1987). Some of the issues raised in the literature concern matters such as the number of hours worked, whether or not the students' jobs pertain to their majors, and the students' workloads. As more students are employed, they face having to balance their academic requirements, extracurricular activities, and employment responsibilities to maintain their lifestyles (Furr & Elling, 2000). The literature reviewed below examines how employment has affected academic achievement.

Much of the research indicating that employment negatively affects students' academic achievement stated that an increase in the amount of hours worked was