...A Practitioner's Guide to Ethical Decision Making Holly Forester-Miller, Ph.D. Thomas Davis, Ph.D. Copyright © 1996, American Counseling Association. A free publication of the American Counseling Association promoting ethical counseling practice in service to the public. -- Printed and bound copies may be purchased in quantity for a nominal fee from the Online Resource Catalog or by calling the ACA Distribution Center at 800.422.2648. ACA grants reproduction rights to libraries, researchers and teachers who wish to copy all or part of the contents of this document for scholarly purposes provided that no fee for the use or possession of such copies is charged to the ultimate consumer of the copies. Proper citation to ACA must be given. Introduction Counselors are often faced with situations which require sound ethical decision making ability. Determining the appropriate course to take when faced with a difficult ethical dilemma can be a challenge. To assist ACA members in meeting this challenge, the ACA Ethics Committee has developed A Practitioner's Guide to Ethical Decision Making. The intent of this document is to offer professional counselors a framework for sound ethical decision making. The following will address both guiding principles that are globally valuable in ethical decision making, and a model that professionals can utilize as they address ethical questions in their work. Moral Principles Kitchener (1984) has identified five moral principles...
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...A Practitioner's Guide to Ethical Decision Making Holly Forester-Miller, Ph.D. Thomas Davis, Ph.D. Copyright © 1996, American Counseling Association. A free publication of the American Counseling Association promoting ethical counseling practice in service to the public. -- Printed and bound copies may be purchased in quantity for a nominal fee from the Online Resource Catalog or by calling the ACA Distribution Center at 800.422.2648. ACA grants reproduction rights to libraries, researchers and teachers who wish to copy all or part of the contents of this document for scholarly purposes provided that no fee for the use or possession of such copies is charged to the ultimate consumer of the copies. Proper citation to ACA must be given. Introduction Counselors are often faced with situations which require sound ethical decision making ability. Determining the appropriate course to take when faced with a difficult ethical dilemma can be a challenge. To assist ACA members in meeting this challenge, the ACA Ethics Committee has developed A Practitioner's Guide to Ethical Decision Making. The intent of this document is to offer professional counselors a framework for sound ethical decision making. The following will address both guiding principles that are globally valuable in ethical decision making, and a model that professionals can utilize as they address ethical questions in their work. Moral Principles Kitchener (1984) has identified five moral principles that are viewed as the...
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...CHAPTER 2 – Ethical Decision Making Model Objectives: * To know the definition of Ethics, * To discuss Principles of Ethical Conduct * To identify the Ideas organizing Principle of Ethics * To provide a systematic way of making ethical decision. * To encourage, motivate you to think about Ethical Decision you make. Meaning of Ethics Ethics: * Ethics provides a set of standards for behavior that helps us decide how we ought to act in a range of situations. In a sense, we can say that ethics is all about making choices, and about providing reasons why we should make these choices. moving from a primary focus on teaching employees to master the knowledge, skills, and job behaviors and apply them to the day-to-day activities (Making Choices: Ethical Decisions at the Frontier of Global Science) * Ethics refers to principles that define behavior as right, good and proper. Such principles do not always dictate a single "moral" course of action, but provide a means of evaluating and deciding among competing options. * The terms "ethics" and "values" are not interchangeable. Ethics is concerned with how a moral person should behave, whereas values are the inner judgments that determine how a person actually behaves. Values concern ethics when they pertain to beliefs about what is right and wrong. Most values, however, have nothing to do with ethics. For instance, the desire for health and wealth are values, but not ethical values. (www.josephsoninstitute...
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...Running head: Confidentiality SHB5315 - Ethics and Leadership in Studies in Human Behavior U10al Analysis of Work Environment and Ethical Dilemma Due: June 15, 2012 By: Katrina Hines The purpose of this paper is to analyze a hypothetical ethical dilemma within a hypothetical work environment, describing professional role within the environment, structure within the professional role who does one supervise and who supervises one, identifying the population that will be served in the professional role and the diversity of the population, addressing social and cultural diversity. Selection; of the appropriate code of professional ethics and ethical decision model; evaluating the function of the work environment in relation to the legal and accepted standard of practice for setting. Selection of the environment Helping Hands is North Carolina’s leading provider of children’s behavioral healthcare. The Psychiatric Residential Treatment Facility (PRTF) accepts children from throughout the state. The organization is accredited by the joint Commission, which is recognized nationwide as a symbol of healthcare quality reflecting the highest level of performance and certified by the North Carolina Department of Human Services as a Critical Assess behavioral Health Agency (CABHA). The agency offers a comprehensive array of treatment options for children with emotional and behavioral difficulties. Helping Hands mission is to provide quality professional treatment to children...
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...UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA DEPARTMENT OF VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION (BUSINESS EDUCATION) TOPIC: THE EFFECT OF NON-UTILZATION OF GROUP COUNSELLING PROCEDURE BY THE TEACHER ON THE STUDENTS. A TERM PAPER PREPARED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE VTE401 (VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE) BY AMEH, KINGSLEY IFESINACHI 2006/143935 LECTURER: PROF. EZEJI, S.C.O.A. APRIL, 2011 TITLE PAGE THE EFFECT OF NON-UTILZATION OF GROUP COUNSELLING PROCEDURE BY THE TEACHER ON THE STUDENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE Introduction What is Group guidance? What is group counseling? Differences between group guidance and group counseling CHAPTER TWO Role of the Group Counselor Ethical issues involved in group Counseling includes Characteristics of a Group leader Stages in the Development of the group CHAPTER THREE Group Counseling Leadership Skills Preferred Group Counseling Techniques/Strategies CHAPTER FOUR Impediments of group counseling Advantages of Group Counseling CHAPTER FIVE Effect of non-utilization of group counseling procedure by the teacher on the students Conclusion CHAPTER ONE Introduction What is Group guidance? Group guidance is a term that has been around as long as the guidance movement. Parsons (1909), the founding father of the guidance movement, used the term early in his writings. According to him; group guidance is considered to be an approach aimed at providing...
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...Darden Graduate School of Business Administration University of Virginia Working Paper No. 01-02 A Stakeholder Approach to Strategic Management R. Edward Freeman John McVea This paper can be downloaded without charge from the Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection at: http://papers.ssrn.com/paper.taf?abstract_id=263511 A Stakeholder Approach to Strategic Management R. Edward Freeman And John McVea The Darden School University of Virginia Forthcoming in M. Hitt, E. Freeman, and J. Harrison (eds.) Handbook of Strategic Management, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this chapter is to outline the development of the idea of “stakeholder management” as it has come to be applied in strategic management. We begin by developing a brief history of the concept. We then suggest that traditionally the stakeholder approach to strategic management has several related characteristics that serve as distinguishing features. We review recent work on stakeholder theory and suggest how stakeholder management has affected the practice of management. We end by suggesting further research questions. A HISTORY OF A STAKEHOLDER APPROACH TO STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT A stakeholder approach to strategy emerged in the mid-1980’s. One focal point in this movement was the publication of R. Edward Freeman’s Strategic Management- A Stakeholder Approach in 1984. Building on the process work of Ian Mitroff and Richard Mason, and James Emshoff [ For statements...
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...The Bible: A Dogma or a Set of Guidelines? Dietrich Bonhoeffer Kayla Tremblay November 27, 2012 The Bible: A Dogma or a Set of Guidelines Dietrich Bonhoeffer November 27, 2012 I. Introduction a. Dietrich Bonhoeffer i. Biography ii. Christianity and War iii. Thesis: As demonstrated by Bonhoeffer in his war against socialism, religion cannot be looked at as a dogma and instead should be a malleable doctrine that is subjective to history. II. Body b. Christian Doctrines iv. Fundamental guidelines v. Use of the bible 1. Hitler a Christian? vi. No rules in war c. Moral Ethics vii. Ethics of Conviction vs. Ethics of Responsibility viii. Rationality d. Just War Theory ix. St. Thomas Aquinas x. Guidelines for a Just War xi. Just War is applicable e. What about Christians and Pacifists? xii. “Put your sword away” xiii. No such thing as a “Just War” III. Conclusion f. Summary xiv. Thesis: As demonstrated by Bonhoeffer in his war against socialism, religion cannot be looked at as a dogma and instead should be a malleable doctrine that is subjective to history. g. So what? xv. Accomplishments xvi. Interpretation xvii. Cost-benefit analysis Dietrich Bonhoeffer was a Lutheran pastor and theologian living in Germany during the time of Nazi...
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...Darden Graduate School of Business Administration University of Virginia Working Paper No. 01-02 A Stakeholder Approach to Strategic Management R. Edward Freeman John McVea This paper can be downloaded without charge from the Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection at: http://papers.ssrn.com/paper.taf?abstract_id=263511 A Stakeholder Approach to Strategic Management R. Edward Freeman And John McVea The Darden School University of Virginia Forthcoming in M. Hitt, E. Freeman, and J. Harrison (eds.) Handbook of Strategic Management, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this chapter is to outline the development of the idea of “stakeholder management” as it has come to be applied in strategic management. We begin by developing a brief history of the concept. We then suggest that traditionally the stakeholder approach to strategic management has several related characteristics that serve as distinguishing features. We review recent work on stakeholder theory and suggest how stakeholder management has affected the practice of management. We end by suggesting further research questions. A HISTORY OF A STAKEHOLDER APPROACH TO STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT A stakeholder approach to strategy emerged in the mid-1980’s. One focal point in this movement was the publication of R. Edward Freeman’s Strategic Management- A Stakeholder Approach in 1984. Building on the process work of Ian Mitroff and Richard Mason, and James Emshoff [ For statements...
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...Health and Safety in the health and social workplace Name: OLUWOLE. F. OMITOYIN Introduction: This essay intends to demonstrate a clear understanding of health and safety legislation and its implementation in health and social care settings. A review of systems, policies and procedures for communicating information in relation to legislations and individual responsibilities in term of managing health and safety will be considered. While safety priorities and how they are being implemented will be looked into. The use of information from care plan; the importance of risk assessment, the impact of policies on health care practices and how dilemma situation are managed and in addition consequences of non-compliance with law and regulation will be discussed. Lastly, the essay will critically look at how health and safety arrangement are monitored and review and also analyse the effectiveness of positive health and safety culture in health care organisation. In conclusion, my own contribution to health and safety needs will be discussed and recommendation made. Task 1: 1.1 According to oxford English dictionary (2014) “Policy is defined as a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by an organisation to direct and limit its action in pursuit of a long term goals,” examples smoking policy, manual handling policy. While a procedure on the other hand is an established or official ways of doing things or a series of actions conducted in a certain order or manner...
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...International Series in Quantitative Marketing Min Ding Jehoshua Eliashberg Stefan Stremersch Editors Innovation and Marketing in the Pharmaceutical Industry Emerging Practices, Research, and Policies Chapter 3 Portfolio Management in New Drug Development Min Ding, Songting Dong, Jehoshua Eliashberg, and Arun Gopalakrishnan Abstract The pharmaceutical industry leads all industries in terms of R&D spend. Portfolio management in new drug development is extremely challenging due to long drug development cycles and high probabilities of failure. In 2010, a pharmaceutical company like GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) spent over USD 6 billion in R&D expenditure and managed a total of 147 R&D projects across 13 therapeutic areas in different stages of development. There are a lot of challenges in deciding on how to allocate resources to these projects in order to achieve the maximum returns. For example, how to evaluate the value and risk of each project, how to choose new projects for both short-term cash flow and long-term development, how to decide which projects to prioritize and which projects to remove from the portfolio, how to design drug development unit and incentive schemes to maximize the likelihood of success, and so forth. This chapter reviews both practice and the state-of-the-art research and summarizes the latest insights from both industry and academia. For a manager, it provides a guide to the tools they need in portfolio management in the new drug development...
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...trust propensity (a dispositional willingness to rely on others) from trust (the intention to accept vulnerability to a trustee based on positive expectations of his or her actions). Although this distinction has clarified some confusion in the literature, it remains unclear (a) which trust antecedents have the strongest relationships with trust and (b) whether trust fully mediates the effects of trustworthiness and trust propensity on behavioral outcomes. Our meta-analysis of 132 independent samples summarized the relationships between the trust variables and both risk taking and job performance (task performance, citizenship behavior, counterproductive behavior). Meta-analytic structural equation modeling supported a partial mediation model wherein trustworthiness and trust propensity explained incremental variance in the behavioral outcomes when trust was controlled. Further analyses revealed that the trustworthiness dimensions also predicted affective commitment, which had unique relationships with the outcomes when controlling for trust. These results generalized across different types of trust measures (i.e., positive expectations measures, willingness-to-be-vulnerable measures, and direct measures) and different trust referents (i.e., leaders, coworkers). Keywords: trust; trustworthiness, commitment, integrity, citizenship Trust has become an important topic of...
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...attacks in the VoIP System 1.5.1 Spoofing 1.5.2 The interception or eavesdropping 1.5.3 The denial of service 1.5.4 The spam over VoIP Chapter 2 Literature review……………………………………………………………………………10 2.1 The security methods 2.2 Call Setup and VoIP Registration 2.3 The Protocol selection 2.4 The Mobile VOIP 2.5 The VOIP handset 2.6 The IP telephony 2.7 The Protocols of VOIP Chapter 3 Research Methodology……………………………………………………………………….15 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Research methodology chosen 3.3 Qualitative research methodology 3.4 Quantitative research methodology 3.5 Research design: Case study approach 3.6 Case study approach 3.7 Data collection methods 3.8 Primary source of data 3.9 Secondary source of Information 3.10 Ethical issues in the research process 3.11 Methodology selected Chapter 4 Data and Research Analysis………………………………………………………………23 4.1 VOIP technology 4.1.1 MSN Messenger 4.1.2 Google Talk 4.1.3 Skype 4.1.4 Ring Central Online 4.2 Unified Communications 4.3 The necessity of the...
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...constantly changing environment and the University of Sunderland cannot accept any responsibility for any changes to addresses. The University of Sunderland acknowledges product, service and company names referred to in this publication, many of which are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks. All materials internally quality assessed by the University of Sunderland and reviewed by academics external to the University. Instructional design and publishing project management by Wordhouse Ltd, Reading, UK Copyright © 2014 University of Sunderland ii Contents vi Introduction Unit 1 1 2 5 7 Concepts, models and theories 20 Introduction 2.1 A comparison of concepts, models and theories relating to competitive advantage 2.2 An evaluation of concepts, models and theories relating to strategic choice Case Study: Ciba Vision 2.3 Concepts, models and theories relating to strategic evaluation Case Study: The University of Exeter Self-assessment questions Feedback on self-assessment questions Summary 20 21 Strategic risk management 43 Introduction 3.1 Why strategic risk management is necessary in today’s climate Case Study: Research In Motion 3.2 Assessing and evaluating different types of risk facing the organisation 3.3 Evaluating risk management processes 3.4 Evaluating the role of organisational culture in...
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...and Social Psychology, 85, 768-776. Abele, A., Gendolla, G. H. E., & Petzold, P. (1998). Positive mood and in-group—out-group differentiation in a minimal group setting. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 1343-1357. Aberson, C. L., Healy, M., & Romero, V. (2000). Ingroup bias and self-esteem: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4, 157-173. Abougendia, M., Joyce, A. S., Piper, W. E., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2004). Alliance as a mediator of expectancy effects in short-term group psychotherapy. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 8, 3-12. Abraham, A. (1973a). Group tensions as measured by configurations of different self and transself aspects. Group Process, 5, 71-89. Abraham, A. (1973b). A model for exploring intra and interindividual processes in groups. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 23, 3-22. Abraham, A. (1974-1975). Processes in groups. Bulletin de Psychogie, 28, 746-758. Abraham, A., Geffroy, Y., & Ancelin-Schutzenberger, A. (1980). A method for analyzing group interaction: Development and application of a video observation grid. Connexions, 31, 145-166. Abramo, J. L., Lundgren, D. C., & Bogart, D. H. (1978). Status threat and group dogmatism. Human Relations, 31, 745-752. Abrams, D., Ando, K., & Hinckle, S. W. (1998). Psychological attachment to the group: Cross-cultural differences in...
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...Research TOC BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY, “SOCIOBIOLOGY,” AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR Bobbi S. Low W hen Juliet was twelve, her father, without consulting her, betrothed her to a man more than twice her age. She, being in love with Romeo, complained. Her father’s answer was (Act III, Scene V): An you will not wed, I’ll pardon you! Graze where you will, you shall not house with me; … An you be mine, I’ll give you to my friend; An you be not, hang, beg, starve, die in the streets, For, by my soul, I’ll ne’er acknowledge thee, Nor what is mine shall never do thee good. Today, in the United States, Juliet would probably sue her father for child abuse. And she would be likely to win. What is common, approved, and thought ethical varies widely across human cultures in time and space: whether one may marry more than one person at a time; who chooses marriage partners; whether abortion and infanticide are approved or forbidden; whether one may eat all meats, some meats, or none; what kinds of killings are forbidden or encouraged. How are we to make sense of all this variety? Human behavior has traditionally been the province of anthropology, sociology, and psychology. Within each of these fields there exist diverse approaches. Recently, behavioral ecology, an evolutionary approach to why we behave as we do, has joined other fields in trying to explain some of the diversity in human behavior. With its roots in Charles Darwin’s work 1 on natural selection, it examines how environmental conditions...
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