...INTRODUCTION The Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) were established in 1976 under Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976. RRBs are an integral part of rural credit system and are expected to play an increasingly important role in the development of, particularly, rural areas. RRBs are jointly owned by GoI, the concerned State Government and Sponsor Banks (27 scheduled commercial banks and one State Cooperative Bank); the issued capital of a RRB is shared by the owners in the proportion of 50%, 15% and 35% respectively. It is important that the RRBs function in a highly professional manner, embracing the technological advancements. The Government of India had taken a number of steps, including recapitalization support from time to time, to improve the functioning of the RRBs and their financial health. Considering the tremendous potential, due to their presence throughout the country, Government of India has initiated the process of restructuring of RRBs to improve their functioning, achieve the economics of scale and to ensure better managerial control. As a result the total number of RRBs, as on 31 March 2011, stood at 82. With a view to modernize and strengthen the technology up gradation and functioning of RRBs to compete and play a more meaningful role in the financial services sector RRBs are required to roll out Core Banking Solution (CBS) and their banking operations need to be functionally integrated with their sponsor banks. PERFORMANCE OF RRBs AS ON 31 MARCH, 2011 The...
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...An investigation into the role of rural banks. The perspective of Kumawuman rural bank limited customers Chapter 1 CHAPTER 1 1.0 General Introduction 1.1 Background of the study Since its independence in 1957, the Ghanaian government has made several attempts to promote rural development in an effort to increase the living standards of the people who reside in rural areas (Kudiabor 1974). In the last three decades, the Ghanaian government has instituted new changes in government organization and developed new sources of rural credit to encourage private investment. The 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Ghana makes a commitment to rural development as part of a national strategy to improve the living conditions in rural areas. In spite of the name, rural banks are found in both rural and urban settings. They are supervised by both the central bank and the ARB Apex bank which is the umbrella bank for all rural banks. In recent times they have integrated into the payments and banking systems in the country though it is believed that they have existed informally for a very long time. The existence of rural banks has made banking available to the ordinary Ghanaian and has made it less frightening. Their operations include credit and deposit services for relatively poor clients. The generally expected roles of rural banks are to: 1. Mobilize savings from residents in the rural communities 2. Accept cash and cheques for the crediting of current and savings...
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...------------------------------------------------- POINT OF VIEW This study is taken from the perspective of the company, Rural Bank of Galvez. Victor Montes, the Vice-President of the bank, stated that over the years, the bank has never invested in T-bills and is not entirely sure if rural banks are allowed to invest in them. Also, he added that the financial crisis only affects those big businesses in Manila and not the small ones in the provinces. With regards to the past due ratios, he defended that it is impractical to compare the Rural Bank of Galvez to other big banking businesses since their past due ratios tend to go up faster because their borrowers’ have difficulty in paying. Furthermore, an examiner from the Central Bank has been monitoring their performance for many years now and has never raised any questions about their past due ratios. In fact, they were praised for doing so well and for being one of the biggest rural banks in the region. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Karla Martinez, a 36-year old CPA with an MBA degree, was asked by her 66-year old aunt to take her place as a director of the Rural Bank of Galvez in a southern Mindanao Province. Martinez’s aunt had been a director of the bank for over 15 years, and has grown tired of attending the Board meetings of the bank. Karla Martinez was delighted by the offer. She felt that accepting the position would...
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...Major health problems in india : Major health problems in india communicable disease problem population problem environmental sanitation problem medical care problem nutritional problem COMMUNITY NUTRITION PROGRAMMES: INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICE (ICDS) SCHEME : Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) scheme was launched on 2nd October, 1975 (5th Five year Plan) in pursuance of the National Policy For Children started in 33 experimental blocks Success of the scheme led to its expansion to 2996 projects by the end of March 1994. Now the goal (Ninth Five Year Plan ) is universalization of ICDS throughout the country. Beneficiaries : Beneficiaries 1. Children below 6 years 2. Pregnant and lactating women 3. Women in the age group of 15-44 years 4. Adolescent girls in selected blocks Objectives : 1. Improve the nutrition and health status of children in the age group of 0-6 years 2. Lay the foundation for proper psychological, physical and social development of the child 3. Effective coordination and implementation of policy among the various departments 4. Enhance the capability of the mother to look after the normal health and nutrition needs through proper nutrition and health education. The Package of services provided by ICDS : 1. Supplementary nutrition, Vitamin-A, Iron and Folic Acid 2. Immunization 3. Health check-ups 4. Referral services 5. Treatment of minor illnesses 6. Nutrition and health education to women 7. Pre-school...
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...they buy. 3. Demand generation has taken a back seat: “Why buy when you can borrow”. – Proscmer Movement. People nowadays have started considering installments (emi) as an option to try a product and if it suits the consumer needs it will buy. So marketers have to create a demand in order to sustain with the competition. 4. Marketing the sublime and the ridiculous: Marketing hype is distributing real consumer. Brands with fake advertising are not accepted by customers anymore. Eg: Honest shirt, Toothpaste with oxygen. Consumers are trusting advertising less and are going by experiences of others. Don’t be stupid as a marketer. “When you are swimming against the consumer you are not with the consumer”. 5. Never forget RURAL: Rural population accounts for more than 60% of population...
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...iosrjournals.org Organized Retail in the Rural Markets in India 1 Surajit Dey, 2Dr. Sameena Rafat, 3Puja Agarwal 1 (Research Scholar, Department of management, CMJ University, India) 2 (Asst. Professor, IIPM, Lucknow , India) 3 (Management Faculty, Wisdom School of Management, India Abstract: Retail is a buzz word in today’s changing business environment. Different industrial sectors are in the phase of transition from conventional business models to innovative, market driven and consumer centric models. In India retail is not a new word, however the emerging formats of retailing are changing the entire scenario and posing tough challenges in front of Indian retailers. They are now designing customized retail products and services and targeting the untapped segment of the market. Presently, nearly 60% of the population resides in rural India and their retail requirements are partially met by the unorganized retail stores. This study is an attempt to explore the potential of rural retail market of India, accessing their needs for products and brands. The study also aims at developing a business model for the rural retail market in India. I. Introduction: Today Indian consumers are becoming very unpredictable. The consumer today, is richer, younger, eager to accept changes and more aspirational in his/her needs than ever before. This Statement is not confined to urban India but also applicable to rural India. A range of modern retailers are attempting...
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...Rural demand for, and consumption of, consumer products is set to explode. The challenge for most companies is to be able to offer appropriate products in an affordable way in relatively remote locations. It is our view that India will soon see an inflexion point in rural consumption.1 Mr. K.B. Dadiseth, Hindustan Lever Limited Chairman On August 30, 2004, Hindustan Lever Limited’s (HLL) share price on the Bombay Stock Exchange touched Rs.100.5 (US$ 2.28) - a new low for one of the largest Indian companies by market value (see Exhibit 1). In its Q2 2004 results, HLL’s bottom line had fallen by 43% due to price pressures in its mainstay detergents business. Procter & Gamble, its long-time nemesis, had unveiled a series of price cuts on its leading detergent brands, Ariel and Tide, forcing HLL to respond. As a consequence, operating profit margins, which had peaked in 2002 at 19.6%, declined to 14%.2 Furthermore, although the mergers, restructuring, and operating changes that HLL underwent in the 1990s had helped profits grow through 2003, the company’s top-line growth had remained more or less stagnant over the past few years, causing some analysts to re-align their portfolios. In fact, since 1999 revenues at HLL had remained nearly constant, an outcome stockholders had not welcomed. With this lack of growth, increasing attention was directed to the company’s Millennium Plan - an ambitious blueprint outlining the company’s growth strategies for the 21st century....
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...and create artisanal owned rural livelihoods through marketing of contemporary designed artisanal produce for urban markets,”2 Industree sources products and materials from small-scale artisan groups across Southern India and sells their products, primarily home textiles, gifts, and natural fiber furniture, to domestic and international markets. It currently operates three Industree-branded retail shops, sells via shop- in-shops in leading domestic retail stores, and exports products for international retailers such as IKEA. Industree’s annual revenue reached $1 million USD in 2007. What hinted you to start this venture? There are some 40 million rural artisans in India today. While global demand for Indian artisan products is growing both in India and abroad, rural artisans largely remain poor. Prior to the industrial revolution, high quality artisan products were historically crafted in rural areas for domestic and international consumption. Governments support for manufacturing centers in urban hubs has increasingly isolated rural producers and decreased their access to functioning markets. As a result, much of India’s rural population has migrated to cities in search of work, sadly trading rural unemployment for urban displacement and poverty. I found a new generation of socially responsible consumers emerging in India’s urban centers, one that is rooted in ethnicity yet aspires to modernity and I thought addressing this gap between rural unemployment, traditional...
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...E-GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES – INDIA “The Government would implement a comprehensive programme to accelerate egovernance at all levels of the Government to improve efficiency, transparency and accountability at the Government-Citizen Interface.” – Hon’ble Prime Minister’s Declaration on Independence Day - 15th August 2002. I ndia has been harnessing the benefits provided by the Information & Communication Technologies (ICT) to provide integrated governance, reach to the citizens faster, provide efficient services and citizen empowerment through access to information. The aim is to redefine governance in the ICT age to provide SMART GOVERNANCE. Several significant initiatives have been taken at the Centre and the State level in this direction. A t the Central level, the government has extensively promoted the use of IT in managing its internal processes and has drawn up a ‘Minimum Agenda of e- Governance’. Further Ministries / departments have provision of 2 to 3 percent of their annual budgets to be spent on IT related activities. The government has enacted IT Act 2000 which provides legal status to the information and transactions carried on the net. S everal State Governments have also taken various innovative steps to promote eGovernance and have drawn up a roadmap for IT implementation and delivery of services to the citizens on-line. The applications that have been implemented are targeted towards providing G2B, G2C and B2C services with emphasis on...
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...Masters of rural markets: Accenture Research Report The Hallmarks of High Performance Contents Foreword: Unleashing India’s rural multiplier effect Growing business confidence in rural opportunities The attractions and distractions of rural markets 03 05 09 Distinctive capabilities that enable 15 companies to succeed in India’s hinterland Framework factors critical to nurturing distinctive capabilities Developing the right capabilities—and acting on them Last word 28 29 31 2 Foreword Unleashing India’s rural multiplier effect But rural India’s contributions to the nation’s economic success—and the obvious potential for profitable growth—is just a part of the promise of wholehearted commitment to doing business beyond the city centers and suburbs. India’s rural markets offer unprecedented opportunities for global and local companies to experiment with approaches and business models, which if successful, may be replicated in rural markets of other emerging economies. India is on the march. Its momentum is not only evident in metros— it is apparent in small towns and villages as well. Collectively, all over India’s rural heartland and in its teeming cities, India is readying for an even more impressive era of economic growth. There is no question that India’s rural markets are becoming a powerful economic engine. One telltale sign: rural accounts now comprise over 50 percent of new subscribers for some of the leading telecom providers.1 The rural multiplier...
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...Current Marketing Practices in Consumer Durables in Rural India Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................... 3 Indian Rural Market: ........................................................................................... 3 Recent shift in attention from urban to rural market:......................................... 3 Special Features of rural markets: ...................................................................... 4 Methodology ......................................................................................................... 6 Questionnaire ........................................................................................................ 7 Responses .............................................................................................................. 8 Respondent 1...................................................................................................... 8 Respondent 2...................................................................................................... 9 Respondent 3.................................................................................................... 11 Learnings from the Project................................................................................... 14 Awareness ........................................................................................................ 14 Acceptability .......................
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...Jitin Makkar jitinm@icraindia.com (+91-124-4545368) Overview The Indian two-wheeler (2W) industry has shown a strong volume growth over the last two-years, having grown by 25% in 2009-10 and 27% in 2010-111 to reach 13.3 million units. This strong double-digit growth has been driven by multiple factors. One reason, of course, is statistical as this period of high double-digit growth has showed up after a rather sedate previous two years, when the 2W industry volumes had shrunk by 5% in 2007-08 and had grown by a mere 5% in 2008-09. In addition to the contribution of pent-up demand, the 2W industry growth over the last two years has been supported strongly by various underlying factors including India’s rising per capita GDP, increasing rural demand, growing urbanization, swelling replacement demand, increasing proportion of cash sales and the less measurable metric of improved consumer sentiment. Going forward, ICRA expects the 2W industry to report a volume CAGR of 10-12% over the next five years to reach a size of ~21-23 million units by 2015-16 as it views the fundamental growth drivers comprising of expected steady GDP growth, moderate 2W penetration levels, favourable demographic profile, under developed public transport system and utility quotient of a 2W - to be intact. Additionally, the entry of new players in the industry, multitude of new model/ variant launches, growing distribution reach, cheaper ownership costs on a relative basis are expected to be some of the other...
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...Information Technology and Rural Development in India – Nirvikar Singh, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA Information technology and rural development in India* Nirvikar Singh University of California, Santa Cruz, USA April 2004 Abstract How can information technology (IT) contribute to rural development? What are the channels through which impacts can be realized, and what are the practical means for realizing potential benefits? This paper examines several ongoing projects that aim to provide IT-based services to rural populations in India. These projects are distinguished by the goal of commercial sustainability, which supports scalability and, therefore, more widespread benefits. The analysis highlights the common building blocks required for successful implementation, and the relative strengths and weaknesses of different approaches. Keywords: India, information technology, Internet, rural development JEL codes: O12, O3, L31, P2 Contact: Professor Nirvikar Singh, Department of Economics, Social Sciences 1, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA, ph: 1-831-459-4093, fax: 1-831459-5900, email: boxjenk@ucsc.edu. 1 Information Technology and Rural Development in India – Nirvikar Singh, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA 1. Introduction It may seem paradoxical that modern information technology (IT), associated in our minds with developed country markets and capital-intensive methods of production, has any relevance for a country where...
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...Rural marketing in india accounts for 70% population and 50% of nation's GDP consituting a total income of $100 billion in 2010 elevates the level of significance should be given in expanding the market for rural india.It is a three step module starting with awereness,consumer engagement and finally retail contact.The dynamics of rural marketing has changed over years so has the perception about brands.As the RURAL YOUTH moving out from villages to near by cities and towns for education and employment creating increase in awareness of brands.As the rural marketing involves both urban and rural as it widely deals with sale of agricultural goods in urban areas and finished goods in rural areas.Along with the FMCG product brands the consumer durable goods brands taking their intiative in rural marketing explains its prominance and adoptance.Innovations tend to be happened in the brands in order to overcome challenges like pricing,distribution and packaging.630 billion rural population helping the marketers of most MNC's and indian companies to develop different strategies in tapping this huge market.Market growth of 3-4% per annum gives enouragement to rural investors.for the future decade indian rural market is driven literally by indian markets hence it creates opportunities for the youngsters in terms of innovation in rural distribution and promotion,pricing sensitivity and communication.Rural india buys goods for money not cheap goods which makes it profit making business...
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...Strategic 1 Management Of UNILEVER STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF THE ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY OF BAHAWALPUR Strategic 2 Management Of UNILEVER Submitted by: Nadia Shoukat (23) MBA, 4th semester, Section A, (M) Submitted to: Sir Shahid Yaqoob MBA Marketing Submittion Date: 22 May, 2010 THE ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY OF BAHAWALPUR Strategic 3 Management Of UNILEVER DEDICATION WE DEDICATE THIS HUMBLE EFFORT TO The Holy Prophet “HAZRAT MUHAMMAD” (P.B.U.H) The greatest Social Worker, Whose every tear was for The Cause of humanity And also dedicated to THE UNFATHOMABLE LOVE, UNFLINCHING SUPPORT UNTIRING MIDNIGHT PRAYERS AND STEADFASTNESS OF “OUR REVERED PARENTS” WHO HAS BEEN A BEACONHOUSE FOR USFOR THE WHOLE OF OUR LIFE, WHO HAS ALWAYS SHOWED US THE RIGHT PATH, THE PATH OF TRUTHFULNESS AND HONESTY AND WHO HAS BEEN ALONG WITH US THROUGHOUT OUR STUDYING CARRIER THE ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY OF BAHAWALPUR Strategic 4 Management Of UNILEVER Acknowledgements God never spoils any effort; every piece of work is rewarded according to the nature of devotion for it. We are extremely thankful to ALLAH ALMIGHTY Who, in spite of numerous difficulties, vicissitudes and acute frustrations enabled us to probe the present study and dissertation. We bow our head to ALLAH ALMIGHTY for the buntings and the blessings that He has bestowed upon us. Who has given us the courage and stamina to come up to the expectations of our revered teachers and ever...
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