...Community Development Leadership Course Title: Global Poverty and Economic Development Term Paper Research Proposal Topic FINDING AN APPROPRIATE MIX OF FUNDING STRATEGIES FOR DISTRICT ASSEMBLIES TO PROMOTE POVERTY REDUCTION AND SUSTAINABLE RURAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN GHANA PRESENTED TO: Professor Chung – Sik Yoo PRESENTED BY: Samuel Danaa DATE: September 23, 2014 1.0 Introduction: Ghana was the first country in Sub-Saharan Africa to attain independence and the post-independence economy appeared stable and prosperous raising the development hopes of its citizens. This was a period of real hope and expectations. After over fifty years its actual development is far below the development potential it holds and various propositions have been offered as to the way forward. Nearly more than half of Ghana’s population live in rural areas under what, by modern standards may be characterized as harsh and subnormal conditions. Every Ghanaian government since independence has been committed to improving the quality of life in the rural areas; however, they have been overwhelmed by economic conditions most of which they have been unable to control. Examining the achievements agencies tasked with responsibility, it is quite apparent that their successes in combating the development problem in rural areas are dismal. Having come to grips with the failures of past development model...
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...TITLE Rural Planning and Development COURSE CODE DG 420 PROGRAMME Bachelor of Science Honours in Development Studies LECTURER Mrs. Chinyanganya ASSIGNMENT TITLE Rural development hinges on effective rural planning. Discuss. The development of rural areas requires a comprehensive and holistic approach which calls for a multi-sectoral effort and a wider pool of institutions. It incorporates socio economic, political and environmental processes which require effective rural planning. Rural planning is therefore an essential prerequisite for sustainable rural development. Rural planning is multidimensional as it includes comprehensive, spatial (physical planning), economic and financial (development planning), agricultural land use (land use planning) and natural resource management (water, environmental, national parks and forestry planning) (PlanAfric; 2000). However, effective rural planning faces a number of challenges which will be highlighted later in the text. Rural development is defined by AgriInfo (2011) as a process that aims at improving the standards of living of the people living in the rural areas. It is an integrated process which includes social economic, political and spiritual development of the poorest sections in society. Chambers (2005) defines rural development as a strategy to enable a specific group of people, poor rural women, men and children...
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...RURAL DEVELOPMENT CHUPICAL SHOLLAH MANUEL The term ‘community participation’ has recently come to play a central role in the discourse of rural development practitioners and policy makers. At the same time, people’s interpretations of the term and criticisms of other people’s interpretations have multiplied, and the intentions and results of much participation in practice have been questioned or even denounced (Booth, 2005) and Cornwall, 2004). Community participation as a methodology has become a “buzzword” and at its base has become a cornerstone for every developmental project in developing countries. According to Fung (2002), participation is the active involvement of the community, particularly the disadvantaged groups such as women, children, elderly, disabled and the poorest of the poor, in the decision making, planning, implementation, and evaluation of their own development activities The concept of community participation however, has remained a contested terrain. This paper considers participation in development programmes and assesses its relevance both in theory and practice. A definition of development and community participation will give a clear insight of the applicability of the methodology. The essay also stresses the strengths and weaknesses of the approach with the aid of case studies from developing nations. The concept of community participation in development became the common currency of exchange in development discourse in the 1970s and since...
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...Chapter: Development Studies Rural Development The economy of Bangladesh is based on agriculture. When the question of development arises in this society, the question of rural development comes automatically. It has been accorded the highest priority in our development strategy. It aims at qualitative change in the life pattern of our people. Definition of Rural Development: Rural development is the betterment in the totality of life for rural people. According to World Bank (2006), “Rural development is a strategy designed to improve the economic and social life of a specific group of people-the rural poor.” The Objectives of Rural Development: The objectives encompass improved productivity, increased employment and thus higher incomes and health. A national programme of rural development should include a mix of activities, including to projects to raise agricultural output, create new employment, improve health and education, expand communications and improve housing. Importance of Rural Development: For a country like Bangladesh, rural development is important. The reason behind this is that most of the people of the country are living in the villages. There is a direct link between the rural development and the development of our national economy. The rural sectors contribute about two-thirds of the GDP. We can achieve our cherished goal of financial development by the development of our villages which hold the key to our success. Specific Targets of...
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...PARLIAMENT OF ZIMBABWE FIRST SESSION - SIXTH PARLIAMENT FOURTH REPORT OF THE PORTFOLIO COMMITTEE ON LANDS, LAND REFORM, AGRICULTURE, RESETTLEMENT AND WATER DEVELOPMENT ON THE VIABILITY OF THE SUGAR INDUSTRY Presented to Parliament on 6 June 2006 [S.C 15, 2006] ORDERED IN TERMS OF STANDING ORDER No. 151: 1) At the commencement of every session, there shall be as many select committees to be designated according to government portfolios to examine expenditure, administration and policy of government departments and other matters falling under their jurisdictions as the House may by resolution determine and whose members shall be nominated by the Standing Rules and Orders Committee. Such nominations shall take into account the expressed interests, experience or expertise of the members and the political and gender composition of the House. TERMS OF REFERENCE OF PORTFOLIO COMMITTEES S.O 152 Subject to these Standing Orders a Portfolio Committee shall: a) Consider and deal with all Bills and Statutory Instruments which are referred to it by or under resolution of me House or by the Speaker, consider or deal with an appropriation or money bill referred to it by these Standing Orders or by or under resolution of this House; and b) Monitor, investigate, enquire into and make recommendations relating to any aspect of the legislative programme, budget, rationalization, policy formulation or any other matter it...
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...RURAL AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCTION Zambia has a total surface area of 752,000 square kilometres of land mass fifty-eight percent of which is arable; currently only fourteen percent of the arable land is under cultivation. United Nations (2011:31) Zambia experiences three weather seasons. The warm rainy season; this is between November and April; the cool dry season, this is between May and July and the hot dry season, which is between August and October. There is only one raining season and the agriculture sector in the country is dependent on rain. Hence there is only one planting season in Zambia. Zambia has three (3) agro-ecological zones that are based on the physical and climatic conditions. Zone I accounts for about twelve percent of the country and has low altitude .It receives about 600-800mm rainfall annually. It comprises of subsistence farming of crops like sorghum and millet cultivated using mainly family labour using simple farm tools. Zone II covers forty-eight percent of the country. ‘Zone II receives about 800-1000mm rainfall annually. The farmers usually grow maize. This zone is most mechanised and consequently is the most commercialised in crop production. Crops mainly grown are cotton, wheat and soybeans. The country’s cash crops such as spices, flowers and fruits products are grown in this zone. Zone III makes up forty-two percent of the total land area. This has the highest...
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...REGIONAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Since the early 1990’s consecutive Australian governments have recognised the importance of regional development to relieve the effects of urban sprawl and to bridge the gap between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. In Australia, the role of regional development has traditionally been driven by both state and local governments. This said, the Commonwealth Government has consistently offered support and leadership in addressing regional challenges and promoting economic development. While Commonwealth intervention makes sense in terms of financial capacity, this intervention has often resulted in unnecessary and costly overlap and duplication between national, state and local governments. A national framework adequately funded, resourced and linked specifically to each local government would provide a more sensible approach to achieving long-term sustainable outcomes for regional communities. In 2008 the Commonwealth Government set up 55 Regional Development Australia (RDA) Committees to bring together national, state and local bodies and provide a united and consistent approach to regional Australia. This assignment will review the role and effectiveness of RDA Committees in addressing economic, environmental and social change in regional Australia and thereby question the effectiveness of government in the delivery of regional development. In doing so, the assignment highlights the importance of local programs (based on community...
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...E-Governance for Rural Development Swati Bhatt Sr. Lecturer (Marketing Area), Dept of Management Studies India is a land of diversity. This diversity spans across culture, tradition, language, geography and the economic condition of the people. It is a nation that has a significant number of people who are below the minimal socio-economic benchmarks. This includes rural and urban poor, women in rural areas, street children, people belonging to historically disadvantaged castes and people living in less developed areas. The vulnerability of these sections of society has increased with globalization and this section is prone to become even more marginalized - economically and socially. Successive governments have committed themselves to addressing these divides, but effective implementation of various economic development programmes aimed at individuals belonging to these sections of society has proved an elusive goal. During the 1980s and early 1990s, initial attempts towards e-Governance were made with a focus on networking government departments and developing in-house government applications in the areas of defence, economic monitoring, planning and the deployment of IT to manage data-intensive functions related to elections, census, tax administration etc.80 These applications focused on automation of internal government functions rather than on improving service delivery to citizens. Over the past decade or so, there have been islands of e-Governance initiatives...
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...Table of Contents Table of Figure 1 Acknowledgement 2 1.0 Background of HomestayGemas 3 2.0 Issues in Homestay Gemas 4 2.1 Environmental issues/impacts 4 2.1.1 The concept of carrying capacity and limits of acceptable change 4 2.1.2 Design and construction of physical facilities 4 2.1.3 Sustainable and environmental responsibility 4 2.2 Socio-cultural issues/impacts 4 2.2.1 Manpower training 4 2.3 Economic issues/impacts 4 2.3.1 Self-financing mechanisms 4 2.3.2 Marketing and promotional strategies 5 2.4 Others 5 2.4.1 Inter-sectoral participation 5 2.4.2 Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms in sustainability 5 2.4.3 Specific legal modifications 5 3.0 Conclusion 8 References 8 Bibliography 8 Appendices 8 Table of Figure Figure 1 Gemas Map 1.0 Background of Homestay Gemas Gemas is a small town in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, near the Negeri Sembilan-Johor border and about 50 km south of Kuala Lumpur. Gemas is divided to Gemas Lama and Gemas Baru. Gemas Lama is located in Johor and Gemas Baru is located in Negeri Sembilan. Gemas is the entryway from the south through railway. Since the existence of the Gemas railway station 1922, it is very well known as the ‘railway junction’. The station is a major landmark to many who wants to visit the place. Gemas, consisting of four villages – Kampung Ladang, Kampung Ulu Ladang, Kampung Bangkahulu and Kampung Londah, has 26 houses in total that are involved in the homestay programme...
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...No. 380 Agricultural Extension Education: AEES-4 Content Preface I. Introduction II. Pre-Independence Era III. Post-Independence Era IV. Motivation V. Extension Methodology in India VI. Training of Extension Personnel VII. Extension Organization in India VIII. Extension and Women IX. Extension and Rural Youth X. Emerging Thoughts in Extension Preface Agricultural extension is an educational process which has its goal to help the rural people to build a better life by conveying the useful and needed information at appropriate time. It is essential for agricultural development. It plays a major part in technology transfer to the rural areas. Though the concept of agricultural extension started in early 16th century but the actual functioning started only after the second world war. Dr. K. T. Chandy, Agricultural & Environmental Education I. Introduction Agricultural extension is a branch of agriculture which assists the farmers to bring about continuous improvement in their physical, economic and social well being through individual and cooperative efforts. In other words, it helps in the development of an individual and the village community as a whole. It makes available to the farming community the scientific and technical information, training and guidance to solve the problems in agriculture including animal husbandry, gardening, horticulture, silviculture, agricultmal engineering etc. Agricultural extension helps...
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...iosrjournals.org Organized Retail in the Rural Markets in India 1 Surajit Dey, 2Dr. Sameena Rafat, 3Puja Agarwal 1 (Research Scholar, Department of management, CMJ University, India) 2 (Asst. Professor, IIPM, Lucknow , India) 3 (Management Faculty, Wisdom School of Management, India Abstract: Retail is a buzz word in today’s changing business environment. Different industrial sectors are in the phase of transition from conventional business models to innovative, market driven and consumer centric models. In India retail is not a new word, however the emerging formats of retailing are changing the entire scenario and posing tough challenges in front of Indian retailers. They are now designing customized retail products and services and targeting the untapped segment of the market. Presently, nearly 60% of the population resides in rural India and their retail requirements are partially met by the unorganized retail stores. This study is an attempt to explore the potential of rural retail market of India, accessing their needs for products and brands. The study also aims at developing a business model for the rural retail market in India. I. Introduction: Today Indian consumers are becoming very unpredictable. The consumer today, is richer, younger, eager to accept changes and more aspirational in his/her needs than ever before. This Statement is not confined to urban India but also applicable to rural India. A range of modern retailers are attempting...
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...Major health problems in india : Major health problems in india communicable disease problem population problem environmental sanitation problem medical care problem nutritional problem COMMUNITY NUTRITION PROGRAMMES: INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICE (ICDS) SCHEME : Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) scheme was launched on 2nd October, 1975 (5th Five year Plan) in pursuance of the National Policy For Children started in 33 experimental blocks Success of the scheme led to its expansion to 2996 projects by the end of March 1994. Now the goal (Ninth Five Year Plan ) is universalization of ICDS throughout the country. Beneficiaries : Beneficiaries 1. Children below 6 years 2. Pregnant and lactating women 3. Women in the age group of 15-44 years 4. Adolescent girls in selected blocks Objectives : 1. Improve the nutrition and health status of children in the age group of 0-6 years 2. Lay the foundation for proper psychological, physical and social development of the child 3. Effective coordination and implementation of policy among the various departments 4. Enhance the capability of the mother to look after the normal health and nutrition needs through proper nutrition and health education. The Package of services provided by ICDS : 1. Supplementary nutrition, Vitamin-A, Iron and Folic Acid 2. Immunization 3. Health check-ups 4. Referral services 5. Treatment of minor illnesses 6. Nutrition and health education to women 7. Pre-school...
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...Strategic 1 Management Of UNILEVER STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF THE ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY OF BAHAWALPUR Strategic 2 Management Of UNILEVER Submitted by: Nadia Shoukat (23) MBA, 4th semester, Section A, (M) Submitted to: Sir Shahid Yaqoob MBA Marketing Submittion Date: 22 May, 2010 THE ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY OF BAHAWALPUR Strategic 3 Management Of UNILEVER DEDICATION WE DEDICATE THIS HUMBLE EFFORT TO The Holy Prophet “HAZRAT MUHAMMAD” (P.B.U.H) The greatest Social Worker, Whose every tear was for The Cause of humanity And also dedicated to THE UNFATHOMABLE LOVE, UNFLINCHING SUPPORT UNTIRING MIDNIGHT PRAYERS AND STEADFASTNESS OF “OUR REVERED PARENTS” WHO HAS BEEN A BEACONHOUSE FOR USFOR THE WHOLE OF OUR LIFE, WHO HAS ALWAYS SHOWED US THE RIGHT PATH, THE PATH OF TRUTHFULNESS AND HONESTY AND WHO HAS BEEN ALONG WITH US THROUGHOUT OUR STUDYING CARRIER THE ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY OF BAHAWALPUR Strategic 4 Management Of UNILEVER Acknowledgements God never spoils any effort; every piece of work is rewarded according to the nature of devotion for it. We are extremely thankful to ALLAH ALMIGHTY Who, in spite of numerous difficulties, vicissitudes and acute frustrations enabled us to probe the present study and dissertation. We bow our head to ALLAH ALMIGHTY for the buntings and the blessings that He has bestowed upon us. Who has given us the courage and stamina to come up to the expectations of our revered teachers and ever...
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...about urban greenspaces because parks and forests were a very important aspect of my childhood, I have observed how the disparity of greenspaces between communities affects them, and because my exposure to greenspaces has provided me with a valuable relationship with the natural world. Growing up in a rural area, the majority of my childhood activities were dependent on the parks and forests that were accessible to me. I played soccer in the nearby fields, learned about animals in the closest ponds and creeks, and socialized with other kids at playgrounds and parks. As I grew older my choice of activities changed but the venue remained the same. Playing soccer quickly became playing baseball while exploring nature at nearby creeks evolved into day hiking trips at national parks and forests. The parks and greenspaces around me acted as stages for my curiosity, recreation, and socializing and were invaluable experiences growing up. All children and adults should experience the benefits that greenspaces provide regardless of whether they live in an urban or rural environment. I was naive to the important role that greenspaces played in my life and development until I relocated to a more urban environment that lacked accessible greenspaces. Having been surrounded by forests, small nature areas, and community parks growing up, I took the benefits of these greenspaces for granted. While the accessibility of greenspaces changed in my life, I still URBAN GREENSPACES ...
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...MARKETING MANAGEMENT – II PROJECT REPORT on Mahindra and Mahindra Motorcycle Launch Submitted by: Rupa Deepanju (2012261) Sagar Panchal (2012262) Sarath S (2012272) Shashank Doveriyal (2012292) Srinivasa Krishnan S (2012312) KLIO * Hamare Logon ke Liye Two Wheeler market size: The Indian two-wheeler industry is divided into three segments namely motorcycles, scooters and mopeds. Sales of the Indian two-wheeler industry were estimated at around Rs 650 billion in value terms and 15.4 in volume terms at the 2011-12. The industry has posted healthy growth over the past 5 years, growing at a CAGR of 15 per cent and 12.7 per cent, in value and volume terms respectively. In volume as well as value terms, motorcycles lead the two-wheeler market. In 2011-12, share of motorcycles in sales volumes was 77.6 per cent. The two wheeler industry is dominated by three players - Hero MotoCorp, Bajaj Auto and TVS Motors together contribute around 80 per cent of the domestic sales volumes. Over last 5 years, the domestic industry has clocked a growth at a CAGR of 11.3 per cent during 2007-08 to 2011-12. Motorcycles segment continue to rule the market Motorcycles can be further divided into three segments - economy, executive and premium. The economy segment comprises lower-end motorcycles (priced at Rs 30,000-40,000 when launched), whereas the executive segment (launch price between Rs 40,000-50,000) and...
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