...A term paper discussing Russian music Presented to: Michel El Zoghbi Prepared by: Maher Moubarak Mirna El Khoury Outline: 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Literature Review 4. Centuries 5. Instruments 6. Effects on Russian Music: * Effects of War * Problems caused by Russian Climate 7. Conclusion 8. References Abstract: This term paper will be discussing the history of the Russian music and its evolvement. Moreover, it will include some native instruments and the effect of weather, war, and religion on the Russian music. Introduction: Beginning from the sacred music of the Russian Orthodox Church and passing through diverse centuries, the Russian music was and will always be legacy in the history of international music. Two major genres formed the early history of the Russian music. These genres are: the secular music used for entertainment and the sacred music of the Orthodox Church . The sacred music draws its tradition from the Byzantine Empire. Neumes were developed for musical notation, and as a result several examples of medieval sacred music have survived, among them two stichera composed by Tsar Ivan IV in the 16th century. Literature Review Folk music is certainly the oldest type of Russian music. The roots of Russian folk music dates back to the middle of the first millennium AC. Russian music started with the Slavic tribes that settled in the European part of the current territory of Russia. Those...
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...geography, ethnicities and cultures. Russia has been through several phases of governance which spans from a history of migrating peoples and ancient kingdoms to the Kievan Rus, Peter the Great, the Slavs, Tsardom, Imperialism, Revolution and the Russian Republic, Soviet Russia, the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation. These aspects of Russian history are important to Russian culture because they have made Russia (its people, architecture, food, festivals, language, literature and art) what they are today. Though those who live in Russia are called “Russians,” over 180 various ethnic groups can be found in Russia. Russian is the official language, though over 100 languages are spoken by its peoples. Besides the Slavs (Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians), who account for about 80 percent of Russia's population, three main ethnic groups and a handful of isolated smaller groups reside within the federation. The majority of Russians identify with the Eastern Orthodox (Christian) religion, but Judaism, Islam, and Buddhism are also practiced in Russia. Islam, professed by about 19 percent of believers in the mid1990s, is numerically the second most important religion in Russia. Various non-Orthodox Christian denominations and a dwindling but still important Jewish population complete the list of major religious groups in the Russian Federation. In general, Russians of all religions have enjoyed freedom of worship since the collapse of the communist regime in 1991, and...
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...“Program music is instrumental music that describes some extra musical content be it a picture, a story, or a poem” (L41, 00:50). Program music can invoke an experience beyond listening to musicians play, it relates to Wagner’s idea of Gesamtkunstwerk, a performance synthesizing all forms of art with sound focusing on life’s thoughts and emotions. Beethoven’s Symphony No. 6, Sturm ( ) is a prime example of how expressive content determines the musical composition. Beethoven decided to compose a movement that would musically describe a thunderstorm and “then he came up with the musical materials to fit that expressive and programmatic bill”. It constitutes the broadest difference between Classicism and cutting edge Romanticism. In Classicism,...
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...The use of music has been an integral part of American military services since the American Revolutionary war. Before evolving into the modern day band to provide ceremonies and entertainments, music was mainly used for signal, communication, and physiological effects (The Music of War). During the Revolutionary War, the most commonly used traditional instruments were the flutes, trumpets, bugles, and drums. After the establishment of present day small group ensembles and marching bands, musicians began to perform for the public, state ceremonies, parades, and pass and reviews (History of Military Music). However, with the economic downturn and increased military spendings in the past decade, politicians are becoming more skeptical of the annual...
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...The Russian “Trepak” vs. The Ukrainian “Hopak” The popular FOX TV show “So You Think You Can Dance” began introducing various styles of dance to bring awareness of traditions of other cultures into the mainstream television in the US. In last season’s finale, the two top male dancers, Joshua and Twitch, danced a ‘Russian “trepak”’ while wearing Ukrainian folk costumes and dancing traditional hopak moves. The hopak is the traditional dance of Ukraine. This caused some controversy, and offended those from Ukraine as well as Russia. The dance was choreographed to music from “The Nutcracker”, which raised questions as well. The fact that the composer, Tchaikovsky, who was of Ukrainian origin, used Ukrainian folk melodies in his works does not make them automatically Russian. Just to give a little history, trepak, or hopak was developed and then danced by the Ukrainian Cossacks even before Ukraine was taken over by Russia. The costumes, choreography and music had nothing to do with Russian culture, but instead were tied to Ukrainian traditions. Russians have never danced “trepak” as part of their traditional cultural dance. The fact that the dance was presented as a Russian number was not only an uncharacteristic sign of ignorance, but also insulted many Ukrainians watching everywhere! The “trepak” and hopak are distinct Ukrainian national dances that even the Soviet government never suggested were Russian in origin! Also, it was said that it was “Russian street dancing”...
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...in St. Petersburg called the Imperial School of Jurisprudence at the age of 10, to become a civil servant. During his school years Tchaikovsky continued to enjoy music by going to performances of famous musicians...
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...Russia has a long and extensive history, which shows in both modern and traditional aspects. Like any country, Russia has unique traditions that only belong to them, such as the customs from the past and food they eat due to the environment they live in; more present day characteristics of life include fashion and art, which are surprisingly similar to how things are done in the United States. While the United States has an established past, Russia does as well. Russia has a lot of traditional folk music, a very well known song being Kalinka, written by Ivan Larionov in 1860 (MasterRussian). Some Russian folklore contains colorful and a certain brightness, but others have very paganistic characters, like witches (Bradford). Most of their folklore...
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...Red Square, the historic core of the Russian capital. All important streets start here. St. Basil’s cathedral was built in the 16th century by Ivan the Terrible. It has nine small colorful domes with chapels. The Kremlin Palace is a large fortress that was once the residence of the Russian tsars. Today it is the official residence of the Russian president. Unfortunately, however, tourists are only allowed to see the outside walls of the palace. The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts shows objects from the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece and Rome as well as paintings of famous European artists. Modern architecture includes Lenin’s mausoleum and the GUM shopping mall. Boat trips along the Moskva River offer a completely different view of Moscow. You can see the city’s most interesting features while enjoying a comfortable ride. The famous Bolshoi Theatre is a historic theatre in Moscow that holds performances of opera and a world – class ballet. It was founded in the 18th century and has been undergoing restoration for some years. The State History Museum has an enormous collection covering the whole Russian empire from the time of the Stone Age. The building, dating from the late 19th century, is itself an attraction – each room is in the style of a different period or region, some with highly decorated walls echoing old Russian churches. Reopened in 1997, each year sees the addition of a few more Galleries. Ice sculpture has a long history in Russia, but it’s not usually a year-round...
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...The Russian Ark by Aleksandr Sokurov is an amazing accomplishment for the film industry. It was the first film to be shot in one single take that lasted for ninety-six minutes. What I especially liked about Russian Ark is the history that is told in the film. Since the whole thing was done in the Hermitage Museum, I liked how the European flowed through the “halls of time” experiencing the greatness of Russia. That being said, I had a hard time following the film. Throughout the whole film, the European wanders through the museum which in the film is the Winter Ball. Not only does the film organize itself around the ball, it also shows different time periods of Russian history. I liked how we never met the narrator of the film but only relied on the European to show us around the Ball. He being a world traveler tied in to the fact that he is time traveling Russia. At the very end of the film, the narrator looked out of one of the windows and saw the ocean. I thought it was interesting how they tied the flow of history to an ark that holds Russia’s culture. It seems that it is saying that no matter what Russia had to go through; the 900 day siege, the days of Catherine the Great, the not so great times with Joseph Stalin; they stuck or sailed together However, as much as I liked the different time periods that were depicted, the colors, and music and dresses and the idea of a film with one single shot, I found that I was rather bored with the whole film. Like I said, as...
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...Country Analysis: Russia MBA Fall 2015 International Management in Sport and Entertainment Table of Contents Country Analysis: Russia 1 Introduction 1 Economic Environment 1 Political and Legal Environment 2 Culture 2 Conclusion 6 Country Analysis: Russia Introduction Russia is the world’s largest nation, covering 6,5 million square miles, with a population of 143 million people recorded in 2014. Russia borders European and Asian countries as well as the Pacific and Arctic oceans. In order to make a decision, concerning the market expansion of an organization into Russia, the economic environment as well as the political and legal environment will be analyzed with a focus on the cultural aspects. Economic Environment Russia is one of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), which are projected to be the fastest growing emerging economies, with a combined GDP of $16 trillion. With a GDP of $2.6 trillion, Russia is a leading exporter of natural gas and oil and is the fifth largest economy in the world. Services are the largest sector of the economy and accounts for 58 percent of the GDP. The most important segments in services include wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods. This represents 17 percent of total GDP; public administration, health and education (12 percent); real estate (9 percent) and transport storage and communications (7 percent). Industry contributes...
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...an integral part of the people's history and their culture. With the help of native language, people can communicate, and understand each other. People must know their native language in order to have good knowledge about their native land. In addition, language helps us to know ourselves. However, some countries have significant problem with their native language. In these countries most people do not speak on their mother language. Unfortunately, Kazakhstan is one of these countries. There are two main reasons why Kazakh people do not know Kazakh language. The first reason is that new generations do not even know Kazakh language because of impact older generation over younger. They basically use Russian language in everyday life. That is consequence of the fact that Kazakhstan is post Soviet Union country. Nowadays there are small amount of young people who speak Kazakh fluently. That is why, Kazakh language may become a dead language. For example, parents speak with their children in Russian. In addition, children listen to music, read books, and watch television in Russian language. In other words, they have more practice in order to improve Russian language. Under the circumstances, the Kazakh language is remains unnecessary, and unused among the younger generation. The second reason is that in Kazakhstan demand of education in Russian language is higher than in Kazakh language. That is to say, most parents choose education in Russian language for their children. The...
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...CBC Paper Group Two Russian culture ------ Food Russian culture is associated with the country of Russia and, sometimes, specifically with ethnic Russians. It has a rich history and can boast a long tradition of excellence in every aspect of the arts, especially when it comes to literature and philosophy, classical music and ballet, architecture and painting, cinema and animation, which all had considerable influence on the world culture. The country also has a rich material culture and a strong tradition in technology. Among its various cultures, the most surprising one to me is Russian food. Russian cuisine is diverse, as Russia is the largest country in the world (by area). Russian cuisine derives its varied character from the vast and multi-cultural expanse of Russia. Russia is mainly a northern country with long-lasting cold winter. The food should give them much energy and warmth to survive during the winter time. So, the essential components of Russian cuisine are the ones, which provide more carbohydrates and fat rather than proteins. Fresh fruits and vegetables are rarely used in food. So, the top five components of a Russian meal are potatoes, bread, eggs, meat (especially beef) and butter. Other popular foods include cabbage, milk, sour cream, curds, mushrooms, lard, cucumbers, tomatoes, honey, sugar, salt, garlic, and onions. Soups and stews full of flavor are centered on seasonal or storable produce, fish, and meats. This wholly native food remained the staple...
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...Key to notes listed a = also approved for Analyzing the Natural World b = also approved for Understanding the Individual and Society c = also approved for Understanding the Past d = also approved for Understanding the Creative Arts e = also approved for Exploring World Cultures f = also approved for Understanding U.S. Society g = Indicated courses specifically designed for those majoring in areas other than science and mathematics h = LAS nonlaboratory courses Anthropology (ANTH) | 102 | Introduction to Archaeology | 4 hourscg | 105 | Human Evolution | 4 hourscg | 218 | Anthropology of Children and Childhood | 3 hoursbh | 238 | Biology of Women Same as GWS 238 | 3 hoursgh | | | | Biological Sciences (BIOS) | 100 | Biology of Cells and Organisms | 5 hours | 101 | Biology of Populations and Communities | 5 hours | 104 | Life Evolving | 5 hoursg | | | | Chemistry (CHEM) | 100 | Chemistry and Life | 5 hoursg | 112 | General College Chemistry I | 5 hours | 114 | General College Chemistry II | 5 hours | 116 | Honors General Chemistry I | 5 hours | 118 | Honors General Chemistry II | 5 hours | 130 | Survey of Organic and Biochemistry | 5 hours | | | | Computer Science (CS) | 100 | Discovering Computer Science | 3 hoursh | | | | Earth and Environmental Sciences (EAES) | 101 | Global Environmental Change | 4 hours | 111 | Earth, Energy, and the Environment | 4 hours | 200 | Field Work in Missouri | 2 hours...
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...Soviet authorities tolerated a large amount of diversity in revolutionary art and culture. The 1920s in Russia was considered to be a period of experimentation within the disciplines of art, music and architecture. Russian art in the 1920s often celebrated modern industrial technology, therefore it promoted the revolutionary government. However, due to Stalin's expression of his discontent with Soviet art, the 1930s saw the deconstruction of this artistic and cultural diversity. Stalin claimed that revolutionary art, when fully understood, should not express individual creativity, but instead should showcase government views. Artistic experimentation ended under Stalin's leadership during the 1930s, culture now had to serve a political purpose and promote socialism, along with its achievements (particularly the achievements of the Five-Year Plans). 1932 saw the reorganisation of Soviet literature, when it was proposed that all Soviet writers who were genuinely behind the revolution should write in a certain style- a style described as 'Socialist Realism'. In 1934, the first All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers met and officially adopted Socialist Realism as the new Soviet style of writing. When it was first introduced, the definition of Socialist Realism was not entirely clear amongst the Russian people- however, as the style...
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...The Khrushchev “thaw” is an unofficial name of the period in the history of the USSR after the death of Joseph Stalin (from 1953 to 1964). The expression “thaw” comes from the title of the short story written by Illya Ehrenburg. The notion of “the Khrushchev “thaw” is connected with Mykyta Khrushchev being on the position of the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The period of “thaw” did not last long. After enormous against anti-communism uprisings in 1953 in the German Democratic Republic (GDR), in Poland in 1956 and after concealment of the Hungarian uprising in 1956, gathering organization of the USSR, frightened of the conceivable liberalization of political administration, began dynamic imperviousness to...
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