...The Psychology of Gift Exchange Mayet, C. & Pine, K. J. University of Hertfordshire Internal Report 2010 Gift giving is a social, cultural and economic experience; a material and social communication exchange that is inherent across human societies and instrumental in maintaining social relationships and expressing feelings (Camerer, 1988, Joy 2001). Research within different disciplines to gain insight of gift giving behaviour has continued for over forty years. Gifts are bestowed in celebration of key life events, a medium for nurturing personal relationships, to encourage economic exchange and to socialise children into appropriate behaviour patterns (Belk, 1979). Obligations within a community require that individuals are required to give, receive and to reciprocate (Mauss, 1954). In his essay the French anthropologist-sociologist Marcel Mauss (1954), presented a theoretical analysis of the gift-giving process, that was based on his examination of giftgiving amongst various primitive, secluded, or ancient societies. He concluded that giftgiving is a self-perpetuating system of reciprocity and summarised three types of obligations which preserve gift-giving: 1. The obligation to give. 2. The obligation to receive. 3. The obligation to repay. The requirement to give may be ingrained in religious or moral necessities, with a strong need to recognise and maintain a status hierarchy and to establish or maintain peaceful relations, or merely the expectation of reciprocal giving...
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...Imagine yourself in a world with out personal freedoms and choice. You wouldn’t be able to choose your own carer and you can’t have feelings of loving someone you like. The community Jonas lives in relinquishes these things in order to experience total safety. Jonas would prefer to sacrifice him self than to live in a community with out individual freedoms. Individual freedoms should NOT be sacrificed in order to create a safe and orderly community. Individual freedoms were relinquished in Jonas’ community in order to create a safe orderly community. One freedom that is relinquished is that the people in Jonas’ community cannot have deep feelings. If a person has feelings of loving someone you have to take a pill to stop your feelings. For example Jonas had a stirring (a dream) that he was in the house of the old, in the bathing room with Fiona. He wanted Fiona to get undressed so he can bathe her in the tub. Then Fiona started laughing and she said no. Jonas told his parents about this dream and they told him that he has to start taking a pill that will control his feelings for Fiona. Another example is when Jonas asked his parents if they loved him, Jonas’ parents didn’t understand what is love. His parents told him it’s obsolete and meaningless. Another freedom that is relinquished is that no body is allowed to see color. For example before Jonas being a receiver, Jonas and Asher were playing with an apple. Then Jonas saw the apple change briefly...
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...The Bible consists of the Old and New Testaments and is said to be written by people who had divine inspiration, thus it is referred to by Christians as the ‘book of God’. The Bible presents God in several various manners, however they all hold in common the value of God’s goodness. Four examples of this are that the Bible states God is morally perfect, the judge of mankind, the law-giver, and the sending of Jesus to humanity. Arguably one of the most fundamental creeds in Christian Biblical interpretation, is the concept of God’s moral perfection, regardless of whether the students of the Bible are literary or progressive theists. This is simply because the Bible states clearly that God is perfect: “You therefore must be perfect, as your heavenly Father is perfect” Matthew 5:48. As a result every action that God has taken must be morally right or ‘perfect’ and thus even when He orders Abraham to sacrifice his son, a literal theist would argue that the sacrifice was for a good reason, and therefore actions which are not normally considered good are made good for the sake of God. Progressive theists would also agree that God is morally perfect in this instance, however they would argue that the message of this narration, is that through complete and utter devotion to God and God’s will, they will gain rewards better than initially expected. The Bible also presents God as a judge of peoples’ actions, and the maker of the ultimate decision of whether man is going to heaven...
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...There are three books. All of them “companion novels” to themselves. Why? Sure, Messenger crosses over the other two books into one story, but that would make it a sequel; that can’t be the case. Fortunately, if there’s one thing to be learned from reading these books, it’s how to go deeper. Analyzing the three books, and looking at the different plot points, a common thread seems to be that each book has a mix of conflict types, man vs self, man vs society, and man vs nature. Following the “man vs self” thread, Jonas from The Giver had to cope with all the painful memories of the past and let go of his lifestyle of unquestioning obedience. In Gathering Blue, Kira had to cope with the death of her mother and her twisted leg, and at the same...
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...The Giver was an amazing story, it shows problems in today’s society being fixed by simply taking them away. Sacrifices bring rewards is a good theme to describe The Giver. Some may think that it’s better to not have these things, others (Jonas and The Giver) think otherwise. The novel displays a better representation of what life was like in their community, whereas the movie did not have as much of a description. I think the book was better than movie for many reasons. First, the book was more descriptive. The author thoroughly described how Jonas was feeling. She engaged the readers by adding more excitement to what was happening or about to happen in the story. Lowry was able to give the book a better storyline, simply by adding more...
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...One of the biggest differences between The Giver the book and The Giver the movie is the changes that were made in the plot of the film adaptation. More specifically, a large change that was made in the plot was Jonas’s relationship with Fiona. The scriptwriters added multiple different events between Jonas and Fiona that developed their affinity and transformed the movie into a love story, most likely to attract more viewers. One event that was significant in the movie was when Jonas kissed Fiona and she was taken by surprise. In the book, if Jonas kissed Fiona she would be confused and would be thrown off guard because she was unable to have feelings, and therefore would not share the same feelings as Jonas. The scriptwriters included their kiss to accentuate Jonas’s feelings for Fiona, and to foreshadow the sacrifices that Fiona would later make to develop the love story such as skipping injections and aiding Jonas in his escape....
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...RELEVANCE TO THIS COURSE: “Know What Really Motivates You” is an article about motivation in the workplace. Overall, the article promotes how leaders can create motivational fit for employees. It describes how to promote a way for workers to advance in their current work and shows them whether they are excellent at what they do or not. MAIN IDEAS IN THIS ARTICLE 1. “Know What Really Motivates You” focuses on how to get employee going and how to find what motivates them. From this article, at least three areas of experience should be developed. The first area engages how to manage your professional goal. The second area consists of how to create a motivational fit. And the third area demonstrates how to choose a role model. 2. Managing your professional growth is through first identifying your personality type. This could be done with a tool named the “Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.” However, this tool is not accurate to the fact because it doesn’t predict your performance and even if it does, it wouldn’t tell you how to improve your performance. Promotion focus or prevention focus in the other hand can be accurate at predicting performance and how to improve it. 3. Creating a motivational fit is a way to help employees achieve their professional growth which in turn increases performance and job satisfaction. It also helps creating challenges for employees and help to attain specific goals. However, when this motivational fit is not in line with the employees’ goals...
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...The Snake from “The Beginnings of History” from the bible and the story of Prometheus from Hesiod’s Theogony draw many similarities in their actions and relationship with humans, and the results of their actions. However there are some differences specifically the snake’s relationship with God and Prometheus’ with Zeus. In the bible the snake convinces Eve to eat the fruit from the tree which God forbids by telling her that God lied about the fruit killing whoever would eat it. The fruit gives Adam and Eve awareness and knowledge and this is very similar to Prometheus giving the knowledge of fire to humans which would make them civilized and separate them from animals. In both stories the Snake and Prometheus give humans knowledge and separated...
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...The Giver Setting: Mythical community Characters: The Giver, Jonas (12 year old boy), the father, mother, and sister Lliy (6 or 7 year old girl) Intro As his days of being an 11 year old were going by,Jonas constantly wondered, " What will my assignment be?". His friends at least had an idea of what it probably was, some were good with children, others liked the Old. When they helped out with the children or Old, their names were put in a book, for the Assignment committee to look at. By seeing how many times kids names were in the book, and getting reports from the chaperones, they were able to best fit every kid to their wanted, and best useful assignment. THat is why spending your recreation hours carefully is very important to this community. But still, Jonas didn't have the slightest clue what his assignment would be. Rising Action It was December by now, and the the Ceremony of 12's was coming up. This ceremony is when each child will get their assignment. It is a very big event, one that nobody is allowed to miss. Still wondering what his job could possibly be, Jonas was anxious, yet nervous to hear his news. Now, everyone took their seats, each age group sat with their group. As the head of the Committee read off the names and assignments of the children, Jonas was listening carefully for his number. Climax He was #24, the 24th child born that year. 20, 21, 22, 23, it was Jonas' turn next! He was so excited, until he heard the next number, #25… He had been...
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...Strategies for effective communication and collaboration GEN 200 April 5, 2011 Strategies for effective communication and collaboration Webster’s dictionary defines communications as “sending, giving, or exchanging information and ideas,” which is often expressed nonverbally and verbally. Nonverbal communication is the act of speaking without using words. Body language, facial expressions and general appearance, reveals the true inner feelings of people. Verbal communication involves using words and the tone and inflections of the voice can tell the mood a person is in. Collaboration is the process in which two or more people work together to realize a shared goal. The fundamentals of effective collaboration are good leadership, resources, teamwork, and understanding each person’s role relative to the final goal. To communicate and collaborate effectively team members must develop strategies that fully take advantage of the learning styles and compliment the personality types of the members. A learning style is the way the mind takes in and processes information. This process differs for everybody. Howard Gardner has broken learning styles into eight multiple intelligences based on individuals strengths and weaknesses. It is important to know and understand a person’s learning style before employing strategies to make use of it. A person with intrapersonal learning style is self-driven, assertive, and understands himself in relation to others. They reason...
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...examples of selfless givers in recent times. The question is what motivates people to give and what is the value of giving? Why do people sacrifice their time and energy to philanthropic activities? The researchers have found answers to these...
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...Imagine your whole life has been decided by elders. the person you marry, who your children are, and what your job is. You do not have the freedom to choose how you live. Life in the community, where everyone was the same, was boring as gray. All of the dwellings and clothes were very basic. You made no choices, unless you were the elders. The novel The Giver written by Lois Lowry shows the theme of avoiding a deal of pain if we are willing to sacrifice freedom. So you must ask yourself, Pain or Freedom? What if every time you fell or scraped your knee you wouldn't feel the emotion, pain. The Community do not feel pain. Whether it is physical or emotional. There was no feeling of pain. For example,"It's the choosing that's important, isn't...
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...ealth Health care Provider and Faith Diversity Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity Lakeshia Grimes Grand Canyon University: HLT 302 02/19/12 Dr.Sunshine Weeks Abstract Healthiness source in urban area contain most patients being from different faiths. For example, Baha’i, Sikh, Buddhist patients similar to Christianity use conservative healing to balance a quantity of practices in their faith the same as prayer, faithfulness, and meditation. In the majority case as observes the viewpoint to curing and health care stipulation, Baha’i, Sikh, and Buddhist, now as Christians, contain a position for up to date medicine, and scientific practice as a balancing explanation to spiritual interference in moment of sick wellbeing. In this essay I will establish, patients hardly ever mind while they search for care from providers with unusual religious partiality for as long as those providers put the patient’s attention at the forefront. I also will establish the significant components of healing, what is essential to people of a particular belief, and how do patients examination health care providers. Health care professionalism stress that providers permit patients to illustrate from their personal religious practice and to be responsive toward such necessities of individual patients. The faith system of Baha’i, Sikh, and Buddhism, their religious, their religious insight on curing, health enthusiastic and mechanism of their...
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...THE GIVER Lois Lowry ← Plot Overview → The giver is written from the point of view of Jonas, an eleven-year-old boy living in a futuristic society that has eliminated all pain, fear, war, and hatred. There is no prejudice, since everyone looks and acts basically the same, and there is very little competition. Everyone is unfailingly polite. The society has also eliminated choice: at age twelve every member of the community is assigned a job based on his or her abilities and interests. Citizens can apply for and be assigned compatible spouses, and each couple is assigned exactly two children each. The children are born to Birthmothers, who never see them, and spend their first year in a Nurturing Center with other babies, or “newchildren,” born that year. When their children are grown, family units dissolve and adults live together with Childless Adults until they are too old to function in the society. Then they spend their last years being cared for in the House of the Old until they are finally “released” from the society. In the community, release is death, but it is never described that way; most people think that after release, flawed newchildren and joyful elderly people are welcomed into the vast expanse of Elsewhere that surrounds the communities. Citizens who break rules or fail to adapt properly to the society’s codes of behavior are also released, though in their cases it is an occasion of great shame. Everything is planned and organized so that life is as convenient...
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...An Exploratory Study to understand Motivation factors of Care Givers who work in Orphanages/Old Age Homes on low salaries By Swati Maheshwari Under the Guidance of Prof. Tithi Bhatnagar SCHOOL of INSPIRED LEADERSHIP GURGAON Table of Contents Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………………………3 Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………………....4 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………..5 Literature Review………………………………………………………………………………….……8 Methodology…………………………………………………………………………………………….11 Sample Particulars……………………………………………………………………………….11 Research Tool……………………………………………………………………………………11 Procedure……………………………………………………………………………………….12 Analysis…………………………………………………………………………………………12 Discussion……………………………………………………………………………………………….15 Future Scope………………………………………………………………………………………….....17 Appendices…………………………………………………………………………………………….....18 References………………………………………………………………………………………………..19 Acknowledgement I would like to express my humble gratitude to all those who gave me the opportunity to complete this research paper. I am deeply thankful to my guide/mentor Prof. Tithi Bhatnagar of School Of Inspired Leadership for her constant help, stimulating suggestions and continuous encouragement which kept me motivated throughout in my research during the post graduate program. I would like to extend my heartfelt obligation towards all the people who have helped me in this endeavor. Without their active support, guidance and encouragement, I would...
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