...November 2000 EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 599 East African Medical Journal Vol. 77 No. 11 November 2000 SAFE MOTHERHOOD INTERVENTION STUDIES IN AFRICA: A REVIEW M. Luck, DSc, Researcher, Centro de Malária e Outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, P-1300 Lisboa, Portugal SAFE MOTHERHOOD INTERVENTION STUDIES IN AFRICA: A REVIEW M. LUCK ABSTRACT Objective: To review the findings of safe motherhood intervention studies conducted in African settings. Data sources: Published literature regarding interventions designed to reduce maternal mortality in African settings. Study selection: Studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa to assess the effects of interventions designed to reduce maternal mortality. Data extraction: Search of Medline database for the years 1988 to 1998 with additional manual search of references cited in Medline-referenced studies. Data synthesis: Few of the 34 intervention studies identified used a double-blind, randomized controlled trial design (4/34), or outcome measures directly related to maternal mortality or maternal health (7/34). Six of the studies produced reasonably convincing evidence of a positive effect on maternal health outcomes. Of these, three showed that changes in delivery practices brought about improved maternal outcomes, two found that a combined intervention consisting of upgrading of emergency obstetric services and community education increased the number of major obstetric...
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...both the health care provider and the consumer. Depending on the initiators there are two different purchase decision processes in the purchase of Metabical for the overweight problem. 1. For Customer: a. Problem identification: The various health awareness programs, BMI table etc help a health conscious or beauty conscious individual to identify the overweight problem. b. Information search: Once the problem is identified the individual decides on the course of action. He/She may decide to either ignore the problem or work on it. Metabical is interested in the group of individuals who are ready to take action and reduce weight. These individuals are prospective consumers; they look out for ways to reduce weight. The advertisements, campaign, pamphlets etc are some of the means used by companies like Metabical to reach these consumers with information. c. Evaluation: The prospective consumer evaluates each of the available options based on various criteria. In our case, the criteria may...
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...Vaksartan (Diovan) used to treat high blood pressure Novartis focused first on its pharmaceutical and agrochemical activities and sold other businesses. Novartis is operating directly and through dozens of subsidiaries in countries around the world. There are three key divisions in Novartis: Pharmaceuticals, Alcon and Sandoz. Its pharmaceuticals division aims at providing innovative and important medicines for health needs. It has a portfolio of over sixty medicines, which often are leaders in their therapeutic areas. In addition, this division is currently working on more than 140 projects, which are in various stages of clinical development. Research is very important for Novartis to remain competitive and to keep on answering patients needs. Its global research operations are called “Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR). In 2014, its research’s expenditure was $9.6 billon. Its Alcon division is focusing on eye care. Alcon vision is now able to...
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...Case Study in Unfair Labor Practice Labor unions have been in decline over the last few decades. However, labor unions in the healthcare industry have been in the news recently, in particular, large and well-funded nursing unions. Sanders and McCutcheon (2010) point out that there is a sense of urgency among nursing unions in large numbers and that nurses in these unions aren’t just concerned about wages, hours and benefits, but patient care and nurse patient ratios. This issue is a key factor in the 2013 case of New York State Nurses Associations v. Olean General Hospital. In this case, the union, the New York State Nurses Association (NYSNA) filed a complaint that Olean General Hospital (OGH) had violated Section 8(a)(1) in the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) which is the interference with employees’ Section 7 rights and Section 8(a)(5), failure to engage in good faith collective bargaining duty with certified unions. This paper will look at the case, the National Labor Relations Board’s (NLRB) decision and why it had merit. New York State Nurses Association v. Olean General Hospital In 2013 NYSNA filed charges against OGH alleging that the hospital had violated Sections 8(a)(1) and (5) by implementing the Dedicated Education Unit (DEU), a program where nurses in the bargaining unit acted as clinical teachers for Alfred State University. The main issue with the program was that the union believed it was significantly different than other programs the hospital had with...
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...MASENO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF DEVELOPMENT AND STRATEGIC STUDIES INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND DIPLOMACY COURSE; RESEARCH METHODOLOGY CODE; DIR 311 RESEARCH PROPOSAL TITTLE; CAUSES OF WOMEN DEATHS DURING CHILD BIRTH IN MASENO MISSION HOSPITAL AUTHOR | ADM NO | ANYANDA SHARON AYUMA | DS/3017/2010 | AFFILLIATION; Research Proposal submitted to the School of Development and strategic studies in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of international relations and diplomacy of Maseno University DECLARATION This reaserch proposal is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University -------------------------- ---------------------------- Signature Date This research proposal has been submitted for examination with my approval as University Supervisor -------------------------- ----------------------------Signature Date AKNOWLEDMENT This report and its findings were prepared by myself with the help of my roommate Eunice Bosibori Ondieki of the department of Communication and Media Technology at Maseno University, she took part in assisting me in interviewing individuals from Mabungo village and also the Hospital staff. I also consulted...
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...Hospital Corporation of America vs. Tenet Healthcare Heather Darling 22-BA-5080-002 Summer Semester, 2014 SUMMARY Hospital Corporation of America as of now is the biggest player in the hospital care sector. Headquarter in Nashville, TN HCA has been very aggressive in acquisitions and developing all around the United States and in England. They are very quick to turn down a deal with another hospital if they believe that it will not be a profitable deal. One of the things that HCA has done to improve profits that not many other companies have done is to send customers that are not profitable to neighboring public health hospitals. This has increased their profits as well as their wait times in emergency rooms. On the other hand, Tenet Healthcare Corporation is a competitor to HCA, but has been slower to develop in the profitable ways of HCA. Tenet has taken a diversification approach recently in the urgent care business. They have recently opened 23 urgent care facilities, the first company in the hospital sector to do so. Many competitors, including HCA, are waiting to see how TCA does before also going this route. As of now Tenet owns the market in urgent care facilities but as profits increase, other hospital companies may go this route as well. The deal Tenet made with Vanguard is the biggest transaction Tenet has made and signals a shift from the company's problems over the past 10 years. Several Tenet-owned facilities underwent investigations in the early 2000s...
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...Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Country Background Nepal is situated in the Himalayas bordering the Peoples Republic of China on the north and India on the remaining three sides. Nepal is elongated in east west direction with an average length of 885 km and the width varying from 133 km to 255 km in North South direction having an area of 147,181 sq. km. The Population of the country is 26.494 million with growth rate 1.35% per annum. 1.2 Modes of Transportation Nepal’s transport sector accounts for a large part of domestic passenger and freight movements. Being a landlocked country and due to high current and inadequate water depth in Nepalese river the water transport has very limited potential. Air services were the main mode of transportation in remote hills of Nepal till few years back and still contribute to passenger movements to key commercial and tourist destinations, and to the transport of both passengers and goods into remote hill areas. The single operating railway system covers only 52 km within the country which is in pathetic condition. The road construction in Nepal is very difficult and costly due to the rugged topography and poor geology. International trade movements are conducted through various land routes across Nepal India border among which 7 routes are significant and there is only one land route across China Nepal border. Limited high-value goods are carried by air. Therefore, Roads are the principal transport mode in Nepal. 1.3 Road Network Planning and...
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...Date: 04/12/2013 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT ROHTAK Socio Economic Transformation of India Skewed Sex ratio- Improving the socio-economic fabric of India Submitted By: Section A Group No. 3 INDEX Abstract 3 Introduction 3 Global Trend 3 Indian Trend 4 State-wise analysis 4 Sex-ratio indicators 6 Child sex ratio 6 Sex ratio at birth 7 Son preference 7 Mortality differentials 8 Social Implications 8 Brought women 9 Polyandry/abduction 9 Social fabric 10 Crime rates 10 Economic Implications 10 Labor force 11 Unorganized sector 12 Consumer Power 13 Economic status 13 Policy Constraints 14 Recommendations 15 Immediate strategy 16 Short term strategy 19 Long term strategy 20 Role of NGO’s 22 What needs to be done 24 The future 25 References 25 Abstract The rise of boy child population in India for the past twenty years parallels the experience of other Asian Countries such as China and South Korea. There were 945 girls per 1000 boys in 1991, 927 in 2001 and only 914 in 2011. India’s increasing number of rich class seems to have increased the practice of sex selection in the new technology promoted by private health sector. The new technology has aggravated the social problem of bias against girl child and continues to have caused the drastic reduction in the proportion of female...
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...Pfizer Executive Summary Company Overview World’s largest global research-based biomedical and pharmaceutical company that discovers, develops, manufactures and markets safe and effective medicines. Mission To be the world’s most valued company to patients, customers, colleagues, investors, business partners and the communities where we work and live. Pharmaceutical Products Aricept Genotropin Spiriva Aromasin Geodon/Zeldox Sutent Caduet Lipitor Vfend Camptosar Lyrica Viagra Celebrex Norvasc Xalatan/Xalacom Chantix Rebif Zmax Detrol/Detrol LA Relpax Zoloft Eraxis Revatio Zyvox Animal Health Products BoviShield Draxxin RespiSure/Stellamune Cerenia Excede Revolution/Stronghold Clavamox/Synulox Improvac Rimadyl Convenia Lutalyse Silentrol Dectomax Naxcel/Excenel Financials Stock Symbol: PFE Price Range: $11-$18 Sales (2008): $48,296,000,000 Net Income: $8,104,000,000 Net Assets: $109,892,000,000 Key Executives CEO: Jeff Kindler CFO: Frank D'Amelio CMO (Chief Medical Officer): Freda C. Lewis-Hall Key Competitors GlaxoSmithKline Johnson & Johnson Novartis AG Roche Holding-AG Sanofi-Aventis Mergers and Acquisitions (2008-2009) Wyeth: announcement of merger 1/26/09, biopharmaceutical Auxilium Pharmaceuticals: 12/08, develops Xiaflex-first in class biologic for treatment of Dupuytren’s contracture and Peyronie’s Disease Schering-Plough...
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...performed a longitudinal retrospective patient record review study in 21 randomly sampled hospitals in 2004, and 20 in 2008 out of the total of 93 Dutch hospitals. Eight hospitals were studied in both years. Both samples were stratified for hospital type, university, tertiary teaching and general hospitals, and a proper representation of both urban and rural settings in the samples were verified. Tertiary teaching hospitals in The Netherlands provide specialised care and train doctors. The level of care given is between that given in a university hospital and in a general hospital. Generally speaking, university hospitals and, to some extent, tertiary teaching hospitals tend to treat more complex patients with more complex care. To be eligible, hospitals had to have at least 200 beds and an intensive care unit. In each hospital, 400 patient admissions were randomly selected in 2004, and 200 in 2008. Fifty percent of the records were of patients who were discharged from the hospital after a stay of at least 24 h. The other 50% were of patients who died in hospital. These patients were sampled from all inpatient deaths, regardless of their length of stay. We did not exclude patients admitted with an explicitly palliative care plan; this information was noted down and taken into account during the review process. During analysis, overall AE rates were corrected for the oversampling of deceased patients, because in our sample, 50% of the patients were inpatient deaths, and in reality...
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...Analysis of Organizational Culture HAD 5731 Fitzpatrick, Harris, Kerr, Malhotra, Perkins, Salisbury, Topping Introduction Organizational culture encompasses the fundamental values, assumptions and beliefs that are held in common by members of an organization (Helfrich et al, 2007). Culture can be characterized as a basic implicit theory of mutual assumptions, invented, discovered, or developed by a group that determine how they think, feel and behave as they assimilate internally and adapt to the external environments of an organization (Schein, 1996). Culture is an important variable that defines an organization and has significant implications on its ability to be effective and efficient. Culture can be a critical barrier to leveraging new knowledge and implementing technical innovation (Helfrich et al, 2007). This paper will first provide an overview and analysis of the cultures and subcultures of two Ontario healthcare organizations - Trillium Health Centre (THC) and Credit Valley Hospital (CVH) in the context of a recent voluntary merger of the two organizations. The paper will then examine the impact of the dominant and sub- organizational cultures on the capability of the two organizations to be more effective, efficient and patient focused, as will the ways in which these cultures create barriers to current change efforts. Finally, the paper will identify recommendations for the merged leadership of the organizations to consider in order mitigate the identified...
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...Marketing Term Paper On Opsonin Pharma Limited Submitted to: Professor Dr. M. Mahmodul Hasan Faculty EMBA/ MBA Program North South University Submitted by: Group: Bang Ar-Chata BUS 620, Section: 3 Date of Submission: 25th April 2015 Thanks To Professor Dr. M. Mahmodul Hasan Group Members of (Bang Ar-Chata) Name: Md.Ashraful Mumin Name: Armina Hossain ID-1430795060 ID-1430778660 Name: Tamanna Zaman Name: Tamhid UL Islam Nafi ID- 1421187660 ID- 1321400660 MBA BUS 620(Marketing Management) Sec-3 North South University Letter of Transmittal April 25, 2015 Dr.M.Mahmodul Hasan Professor School of Business North South University Subject: Report on Marketing term paper of Opsonin Pharma Ltd. Dear Sir, With due respect and humble submission, we are the student of MBA program and submitting our report on “Marketing term paper of Opsonin Pharma Ltd.”. It gives us immense pleasure to inform you that we have completed our Report under your kind hearted supervision. Now, we want to place our report and for this reason we want your Kind approval. We hope our report will satisfy you. Sincerely Yours, Group Name: Bang Ar-Chata Group Member Name Md.Ashraful Mumin Armina Hossain Tamhid Ul Islam Nafi Tamanna Zaman School of Business MBA Program North South University ID No. 1430795060 1430778660 1321400660 1421187660 Signature ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are grateful to Dr. M. Mahmodul Hasan, Professor,...
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...|[pic]Comment |[pic]RSS |Share: [pic] [pic] |[pic] | | | | | |[pic] | | Click Image to Enlarge[pic] A joint venture project of world-famous German company BASF and Nobel Prize winner Dr. Yunus' Grameen has started commercial production of Magic Mosquito net in Bangladesh from March 23, 2012. Effective up to 20 washes, depending on local conditions, the fendozin-rich net would kill mosquitoes and other bugs within 20 minutes after they come in contact with it, said officials. The nets are already available across the country and cost TK 650~700 [US$ 8-9] a piece. The nets meet the requirements of the World Health Organization and are "extremely safe" for humans and other mammals, said Saria Sadique, managing director of BASF Bangladesh. The country's first Long Lasting Impregnated Net [LLIN] plant, which has been set up in the industrial park, cost TK 124 million and has created jobs for 800 people. The plant owned and operated by Grameen Fabrics and Fashions will manufacture the nets under the brand name Interceptor. BASF Grameen Limited will market the product. In near future, this magic mosquito net will also be exported to a number of countries in the world. The plant can now produce up to 3,000 nets a day and its capacity would enhance in days to come, said Prof Yunus in his speech. He said there would be three units under the plant. Of them one unit will be dedicated to export...
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...Statement 3 Market Objectives 3 Target Market 3 Product Objective 3 Price Objective 3 Place Objective 4 Promotion Objective 4 Competitive Situation Analysis 4 Consumer Product Classification 4 Analysis of Competition using Porter’s 5 Forces Model 4 SWOT Analysis 6 Strengths 6 Weaknesses 7 Opportunities 7 Threats 7 Marketing Strategies 8 Product Strategies 8 Price Strategies 8 Place Strategies 8 Promotion Strategies 11 Tactics and Action Plan 12 Product Action Plan 12 Price Action Plan 12 Place Action Plan 12 Promotion Action Plan 12 Monitoring Procedures 12 Introduction Company “G” is an established electronics development company that intends to design, develop, and market a line of home-based medical devices related to Alzheimer’s /Dementia, Physical /Mental disabilities niche markets. The first device, “The Snuz-len” has already been developed with the participation of leading Physicians, Clinicians and Surgeons in special needs, disability and memory-support fields. Mission Statement Company “G”, endeavors to design, develop and market the highest-quality, most reliable and affordable home health care electronic appliances to individuals and families with loved-ones impacted by Alzheimer’s /Dementia, physical and mental disabilities. Target Market The number of Alzheimer’s/ Dementia patients and persons with disabilities in the United States is increasing, and more families are opting to keep their loved-ones at home as long as possible rather...
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...SOLOMON SMART KALUBA ID: UB28902SPU37458 PUBLIC HEALTH ASSIGNMENT: DEFINATION OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, ITS USE AND EXAMPLES OF SUCCESS DATE OF SUBMISSION: 5/02/2014. ANTLANTIC INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY HONOLULU, HAWAII Contents Introduction 2 The Historical Context 2 Recent developments in Epidemiology 2 Definition, scope and use of epidemiology 4 Distribution 5 Determinants 5 Health- related states or events 6 Specified populations 6 Application 7 Scope 7 Epidemiology versus Public Health 7 Causation of diseases 8 Achievements in Epidemiology 9 Small pox 9 Methyl Mercury Poisoning 10 Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease 11 Iodine Deficiency Disease 11 Tobacco use, Asbestos and Lung Cancer 12 Hip Fractures 12 HIV/AIDS 13 Global AIDS epidemic 1990–2003 13 SARS 14 Conclusion 15 Bibliography 16 Introduction This essay provides a brief summary of what epidemiology is, what it is used for and discusses the major successes epidemiologist have contributed towards control and eradication of major epidemics. The discussion will also touch on the historical context and development of the emergency of epidemiology as a science and art, and give example of some of the people that greatly contributed to the achievement scored in epidemiology studies and applications. The Historical Context Epidemiology originated from the Hippocrates` observation more than 200 years ago who identified environmental factors to have an influence...
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