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Safety

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Submitted By RobertP
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Polk State College

ETI 1720 – Industrial Safety
Final, Due: 6/21/11 No Later than 12:00 noon.

1. Please describe the different classifications of fires and the extinguishing agents associated with each classification of fire.

There are four different classifications. Class A fires are solid materials such as wood, plastics, textiles, and their products: paper, housing, and clothing and to extinguish a Class A fire you have to use foam, water, or a dry chemical. Class B fires are flammable liquids and gases and have to be extinguished with a dry chemical, Bromotrifluoromethane, and other halogenated compounds, foam, and CO2. Class C fires are electrical and to put out an electrical fire you have to use Bromotrifluoromethane, CO2, or a dry chemical. Class D fires are combustibles, easily oxidized metals such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and zirconium and to extinguish these you have to use specialized powders such as graphite, sand, limestone, soda ash, sodium chloride.

2. Choose and describe five different sections contained within a MSDS. In general, describe the contents found within those sections that you have chosen to write about.

Section 1: General information. This section contains directory information about the manufacturer of the substance, including the manufacturer’s name and address, telephone number of an emergency contact person, a nonemergency telephone number for information, and a dated signature of the person who developed or revised the MSDS.
Section 2: Hazardous ingredients. This section should contain the common name, chemical name, and Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number for the substance. Chemical names are the scientific designations given in accordance with the nomenclature system of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. The CAS number is the unique number for giving chemical that is assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service.
Section 3: Physical and chemical characteristics. Data relating to vaporization characteristics of the substance are contained in this section.
Section 4: Fire and Explosive hazard data. Data relating to fire and explosion hazards of the substance are contained in this section. Special fire-fighting procedures are also included in this section.
Section 5: Reactivity Data. Information concerning the stability of the substance as well as the potential hazardous decomposition or polymerization of the substance is contained in this section.

3. What are the top two entry points of toxic agents into the body?

The top two ways toxic agents enter into the body are inhalation (1) and absorption (2).

4. a.) Describe the difference between TLV and TWA. b.)What is the TWA of 30% Hydrogen Peroxide?

Threshold limit values (TLVs) is the levels of exposure to which all employees may be repeatedly exposed to specified concentrations of airborne substances without fear of adverse effects. Exposure beyond TLVs is considered hazardous. Time-weighted average (TWA) is the level of exposure to a toxic substance to which a worker can be repeatedly exposed on a daily basis without suffering harmful effects. The TWA for 30% Hydrogen Peroxide is 1 ppm TWA.

5. What is wrong with bypassing the ground on an extension cord? Would anything bad happen?

When bypassing the ground on extension cord equipment connected can still operate normally. If a short occurs in the equipments circuitry without proper grounding, anyone toughing the equipment may be severely shocked.

6. Describe the different elements of the NFPA 704 identification system label, including color codes.

The elements of NFPA 704 are Blue (Health), Red (Flammability), Yellow (Instability), and White (Special Hazards). All have a rating scale from 0-4, 0 meaning not hazardous and 4 meaning deadly.

7. What prompts an OSHA inspection?

An OSHA inspection needs to occur when imminent danger conditions exist, catastrophic fatal accidents, employee complaints, planned high-hazard inspections, and follow-up inspections have occurred.

8. What does the inspector look for when conducting an inspection?

An inspector may observe, interview pertinent personnel, examine records, take readings and take photographs. An inspector looks for any unsafe and unhealthful working condition.

9. In general, what are the four types of citations resulting from an OSHA inspection and their associated monetary penalties?

Four types of citations that result from an OSHA inspection and their associated monetary penalties are: Other-than-serious violation, up to $7000 for each violation discretionary; Serious violation, OSHA proposes a mandatory penalty for each serious violation; Willful violation, minimum of $5000 for each willful violation, may be adjusted downward depending on the circumstances; and Repeated violation, results in a fine for each repeated violation.

10. To what does RSI refer?

Repetitive strain injury (RSI) is a broad and generic term that encompasses a variety of injuries resulting from cumulative trauma to the soft tissues of the body.

11. Under what workplace circumstances should an employee be required to wear eye protection?

An employee will be required to wear eye protection if he or she is dealing with flying particles, chips, hot sparks, chemicals, molten metal, ultraviolet light and infrared heat.

12. Under what workplace circumstances should an employee be required to wear protective footwear?

An employee will be required to wear protective footwear if he or she is dealing with chemicals, heavy objects, slippery floors, sharp objects, and electricity.

13. What are some different types of protective footwear?

Steel toe boots, Metatarsal guard, puncture-resistant guard, electrical hazard guard, and slip resistant guard are the different types of protective footwear.

14. What should you do if you are walking in a manufacturing facility and see that an oil container has been slowly leaking oil onto the shop floor?

If you notice a oil container that has be slowly leak onto the shop floor you need to notify everyone about the slippery floor then clean up the mess with the appropriate detergent.

15. At what height are personnel required to wear a safety harness (aka: life line).

At the height of six feet, “trigger height,” personnel are required to wear a safety harness.

16. Describe four different types of hand protection equipment and for what operations they might be required.

Leather - Offers comfort, excellent abrasion resistance, and minimum cut resistance.
Cotton - Offers comfort, minimal abrasion resistance, and minimum cut resistance.
Aramids - Offers comfort, good abrasion resistance, and excellent cut resistance, and excellent heat resistance.
Polyethylene - Offers comfort, excellent abrasion resistance, and minimal cut resistance. Gloves made of this material should not be subjected to high temperatures.

17. Describe the typical methods to perform a seal check on a filter-type respirator?

To seal check a filter-type respirator one must first check for a pressure seal by putting it on and exhaling into it to see if any air is released around the seal. Or as you stated in class one my spray (mist) sugar vapor into the air and see if on wearing the mask can test it. If they can taste the sugar, readjust the straps for a tighter fit and try again.

18. Describe interlocks and where they might be used.

Interlocks automatically break the circuit when an unsafe situation is detected. Interlocks may be used around high-voltage areas to keep personnel from entering the areas. Elevator doors typically have interlocks to ensure that the elevator does not move when the doors are open.

19. Name some machines that are typically required by OSHA to have point of operation guards.

Some machines that are typically required by OSHA to have a point of operation guards are machines that cut, shear, or bend material and machines that have pinch-points like gears, pressure rollers, or chains and sprockets.

20. Describe the Lockout/Tagout procedure. Who is authorized to perform this process and clear the tags and/or unlock the machine?

Lockout system is a system for incapacitating a machine until it can be made safe to operate. “Lockout” means physically locking up the machine so that it cannot be used without removing the lock. Tagout system is to apply a tag that warns employees not to operate the machine in question. The person authorized to perform this process and clear the tags and/or unlock the machine is the person in charge of the organization, the boss, the one who has authority.

21. What is a bloodborne pathogen?

Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms present in blood that can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS. Workers exposed to bloodborne pathogens are at risk for serious or life-threatening illnesses.

22. How are bloodborne pathogens transmitted?
Transmission of a bloodborne pathogen can occur through: Sexual contact, sharing of hypodermic needles, from mothers to their babies at or before birth, accidental puncture from contaminated needles, or broken glass, contact between broken/damaged skin and infected body fluids, and contact between mucous membranes and infected body fluids. 23. What are some PPE that might help to minimize exposure to bloodborne pathogens?

Some PPE that might help minimize exposure to bloodborne pathogens may be gloves, gowns, laboratory coats, face shields or masks, eye protection, pocket masks, and other protective gear.

24. How is AIDS a.) Transmitted and b.) NOT transmitted?

AIDS is known to be transmitted in three different ways: sexual contact, blood contact, and mother-to-child during pregnancy or childbirth. AIDS is not spread through casual contact such as handshakes, toilet facilities, eating utensils, or coughing.

25. Under what circumstances must hearing protection be worn to protect against hearing loss?

Hearing protectors should be used when engineering controls and work practices are not feasible for reducing noise exposures to safe levels. When a worker's time-weighted noise exposure exceeds 100 dBA, both earplugs and earmuffs should be worn. How much attenuation a hearing protector provides depends on its characteristics and how the worker wears it. The selected hearing protector must be capable of keeping the noise exposure at the ear below 85 dBA. Because a worker may not know how long a given noise exposure will last or what additional noise exposure he or she may acquire later in the day, it may be wise to wear hearing protectors whenever working in hazardous noise.

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