...on the international chaos of the 1930s led to the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944, and an attempt to devise a financial system which would provide a more permanent and acceptable framework for international transactions. It was intended that the emerging Bretton Woods system would generate benefits for international trade in the form of stable (though not necessarily fixed) exchange rates, while at the same time, avoiding the deflationary rigidities of the gold standard mechanism. The system was designed to ensure a world of full employment and economic growth. This paper will examine a few of the negative and positive aspects the IMF has had since its inception, and how it has evolved over time to answer the question, is the IMF a sinner or saint? If the general purpose of the IMF at its inception was to oversee the operation of the infant Bretton Woods system, its more specific purposes were spelled out in Article 1 of its Articles of Agreement as follows: | (i) To promote international monetary cooperation through a permanent institution which provides the machinery for consultation and collaboration on international monetary problems. | | (ii) To facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of international trade, and to contribute thereby to the promotion and maintenance of high levels of employment and real income and to the development of the productive | | resources of all members as primary objectives of economic policy. | | (iii) To promote exchange...
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...Unit Three: Case Incident 2: Whistle Blowers: Saints or Sinners Rachel Hogan Kaplan University MT302 Organizational Behavior May 17th, 2011 Corporate whistle-blowing, reporting company wrong-doings is a controversial subject of debate. There have been several widely known cases in which reputations are damaged, sometimes unsubstantiated or falsely, and where informants have received hefty pay-offs. The adoption of the whistle blower law pays informants thirty percent of legal fines received from lawsuits in whistle blowing cases (Judge & Robbins). I believe corporate whistle-blowing is good for organizations, its members, and the general public. It is important for corporate wrong-doings and do-ers to be brought to the attention of senior management. The sooner the wrong-doings are reported and investigated, the better for everyone involved. Before the issue is handled publicly or in court, the organization should have the opportunity to rectify the wrong-doings, which would save money in legal proceedings, and save the reputation of the company. According to our Organizational Behavior textbook, self-fulfilling prophecy has “evolved to characterize the fact that an individual’s behavior is determined by other people’s expectation” (Robbins & Judge, 2007). With this in mind, I believe self-fulfilling prophecy can drive an individual’s search for incriminating evidence or sometimes hinder it. An employee may have a negative self-fulfilling...
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...Case Study 1 I believe both whistle blowers and David Stetler thoughts are possible with today’s society and the different opinions of how people interpret situations. If a co-worker has studied the Attribution Theory in which determines whether a persons intentions are internally or externally caused. Self prophecy whistle blower who honestly believes in justice being served would be eager to collect evidence and make sure all evidence is full proof. By frivolous lawsuits occurring whistle blowers who has valid claims would have to make sure: Their story is legit with NO wholes in it for companies to redeem themselves by being able to accuse “one” of lying upon the company. I feel as long as the story is solid and all evidence is there why would “one” not come forth with the information against the company. Whistle blowers claims will be carefully and thoroughly evaluated to make sure everything being presented are facts toward the company To prevent frivolous lawsuits companies and governments should have their own private investigator to do research with personal documentation instead of relying upon the whistle blowers information along. Companies and governments then would be able to catch when or even before fraudulent activities begin. Employees should do what they feel is right for their situation at hand. The disadvantage...
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...Jimmy Swaggart: Saint or Sinner? By: Candace Westcott Jimmy Lee Swaggart is a well known television evangelist, he has been working in the ministry since the 1950's. He is a man who brought himself from the depths of poverty and established a ministry worth millions of dollars. If this was all one knew about the man it would seem as though he was most definitely a saint, but there is more! Swaggart's ministry was rocked by not one but two sex scandals. But before we get to this saints transformation to sinner, let us first example his life leading up to this scandal. Jimmy Lee Swaggart was born in Louisiana on March 15th, 1935 to parents Minnie and Willie. Jimmy was not born into wealth although he ended up having two very famous cousins, Jerry Lee Lewis and Mickey Gilley. Jimmy was inspired to preach the gospel from a very young age, he attended church all of his childhood along with his parents. He felt compelled to begin to preaching at the early age of 9. Jimmy was married by the time he was only 18 years old and had his first child shortly after that time. This was not uncommon back in the 1950's, getting married and having children at a young age was what everyone did. Swaggart struggled to support his family while working many odd jobs on the side of his preaching. He preached in several different areas of his home state, Louisiana. Although his family was struggling financially Swaggart believed he was living up to his calling and preaching the word of God...
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...about the country as a kind of voluntary nurse, and doing whatever miscellaneous good she might; taking upon herself, likewise, to give advice in all matters, especially those of the heart.” He found old writings about Hester’s life. The author took these pages into consideration while he presented Hester to be someone that through repentance of her adultery sin she evolved to be generous and empathetic toward others in difficult situations. At first, Nathaniel Hawthorne portrays Hester to be cold and a sinner, but by slowly implanting more of her character throughout the story the author creates he to be a saint. In the beginning, the author explains to the audience the background of Hester and her baby Pearl. He explains her sin and how the puritan settlement chastises her for it. He describes her as, “Morally, as well as materially, there was a coarser fiber in those wives and maidens of old English birth and breeding.” The author does this to further portray Hester as a sinner not accepted in the town. Everyone judged and reprimanded her for bringing a demon child in the world....
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...Saint Mary Magdalene This year is my confirmation and I had to choose a saint that will help me throughout my life. I chose Saint Mary Magdalene; she is the patron saint of penitent sinners, contemplative life and people ridiculed for their piety. Mary Magdalene made a big impact during Jesus’ last days. Mary Magdalene has been called the second most important women in the New Testament after Mary the Mother of Jesus. When Jesus first met Mary Magdalene, He cleansed her of seven demons and later when He was eating supper she went and cleansed His feet. She wiped His feet dry with her long hair and then anointed them with expensive perfumes. Many people were shocked that Jesus let such a sinner touch Him but he recognized that she had good in her and let her proceed and forgave her of her sins. After that day Mary Magdalene was described as a courageous and loyal servant to Jesus. She was brave enough to stand by Jesus in his hours of suffering, in his death and beyond. She could have been killed for standing by him, but her faith made her strong. Mary Magdalene also consoled Mary the Mother of Jesus during Her time of mourning. Mary Magdalene went to anoint Jesus’ body on Easter Sunday and she discovered the empty tomb. She was crying when she heard a voice she knew very well, it called her name and she knew it was The Risen Christ. Jesus Christ had chosen to show himself first to Mary Magdalene, the repentant sinner because she had true faith in Him. At the foot of His...
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...environment and the main character’s (Edna) choice to break free from society’s tendency to categorize women as sinners or saints. Using The Awakening and Glotfelty’s definition of ecocriticism, it will be shown that the environment plays a major part in the theme of the novel. In order to fully grasp the environmental connection between what is usually determined as a “gender” novel, because of the character’s fight for an alternative path for women, it must be realized how Kate Chopin addresses nature as an alternative escape from “good or evil.” According to Glotfelty, ecocriticism “shares the fundamental premise that human culture is connected to the physical world, affecting it and affected by it” (Glotfelty). The first connection between the physical world and The Awakening would be the fact that Edna is on an island. The island represents her physical body and mind stuck in one place. The island is described as, “a breeze blowing, choppy stiff wind that whipped water into froth. It fluttered the skirts of the two women (Edna and her friend) and kept them for a while engaged in adjusting, readjusting, tucking in, securing hair pins and hat pins” (Chopin p. 16). The importance of this description is that it shows the wind and water trying to distract the women from their traditional focus of “womanly concerns”. The women are so concerned with being viewed as saints that they ignore nature when it tries hard to persuade them to pay attention, to break free of society’s hold...
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...The girl hears the story of the "freak" who is willing to humble himself and show the crowd who he is ("The Temple of the Holy Ghost," 206). He exclaims, "God made me this way" and the girl reflects on all the people she has made fun of and thought herself to be better than most people in her life ("The Temple of the Holy Ghost," 206). Then the "freak" preaches, "this is the way He wanted me to be and I ain't disputing His way;" moreover, the girl ponders the comment because if she is disassociating herself from the "freaks" who are just living out God's will she is also rejecting Christ ("The Temple of the Holy Ghost," 206). Then the girl imagines the hermaphrodite in the church announcing to everyone that they are all "A temple of the Holy Ghost" and that "God's spirit has been dwelling" in everyone; therefore, the girl is able to conclude that everyone, even the "freaks" of the world are members of the body of Christ ("The Temple of the Holy Ghost," 207)....
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...Calvinism and Arminianism The purpose of this paper is to compare two theological positions, namely Calvinism and Arminianism. These are two positions on either side of the extreme concerning free will and predestination. There are those who believe that we have the free will to love and obey God or deny God, and there are those who believe that God, in his sovereignty, has predetermined who will be saved or who will not be saved and neither group is willing to budge. Both sides claim to have the support of Scripture, and both have specific verses that are twisted and manipulated to show support and reasoning. The problem is that both sides appear, on some levels at least, to be right. The question that can be answered from a comparison of these two views is this: What are the basic differences between Calvinism and Arminianism, as well as, their relation to theology, biblical evidence and worldviews? This research paper covers the five key points or articles of Calvinism and Arminianism, as well as, the history, view of God and biblical evidence or support for each position. History The history of Calvinism and Arminianism dates back to the 16th century, where a man named John Calvin was born in 1509. John Calvin was a son of a lawyer and born in Noyon, France where he developed a love for theology and literature. In 1523 he went to the University of Paris where he studied theology, yet in 1528 he went to Orleans and a year later Bourges to study law. With Calvin’s...
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...INTRO : Topologists have debated the doctrine of original sin for centuries, but the one who stated it more clearly was Apostle Paul in Romans 5:12 Paul makes it known that sin entered through Adam and then spread to all of humanity. It is based on Paul’s writing that Saint Augustine expanded his theory on the notion of original sin and its relationship with the human free will. This essay will discuss these two views concerning original sin and free will, by first providing a brief description of Augustine of Hippo and his origins. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO : Augustine of Hippo or Saint Augustine ( 354- 430) bishop of Hippo, was one of the most important figures in the development of Christianity.. However this influential person was not born a Christian. As a young man, Augustine pursued a secular career as a teacher of rhetoric and philosophy while living a dissolute lifestyle. For nine years he was a follower of Manichaeism. In Milan he studied Neoplatonism and his conversion to Christianity took place in 386. As a theologian, he was called to write against the many heresies of the period Manichaeanism, Donatism, and Pelagianism, and in so doing he defined the shape of orthodox doctrine. ORIGINAL SIN AND FREE WILL “For I do not do the good I want to do, but the evil I do not want to do. this I keep on doing” Roman 7:19 In this quote , Pau shows that mankind can tell the difference between wright and wrong. However, despite our intellect something influences us to...
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...I. The Scriptures (Bibliology) A. Inspiration - The Scriptures in the autographs are literally God-breathed (yeopneustov.) Holy men of God spoke and wrote as they were borne along (feromenoi) by the Spirit of God. 2 Timothy 3:16; 2 Peter 1:21 B. Infallibility (Inerrancy) - The Scriptures, being inspired, are incapable of error. 2 Peter 1:21; Hebrews 6:18 C. Complete (Plenary) - The canon of the Scriptures (66 Books - the 39 of the Old Testament and 27 of the New Testament) was completed with the writing of the Book of the Revelation and there will be no further Scripture (written) revelation from God. Revelation 22:18 D. Preservation - God has promised to preserve His Word, and the Scriptures that we have today are the Words of God. Psalm 119:89; Matthew 24:35; 1 Peter 1:23 E. Authority - The Bible is the sole authority for faith and practice for the Believer. 2 Timothy 3:16; James 1:21-22; 1 Samuel 15:22 F. Translations - While not inspired, as are the autographs, a translation based upon, and accurate to the preserved copies of the autographs (those of the Hebrew Masoretic Text of the Old Testament and the Textus Receptus of the New Testament) is the Word of God and is, with consideration being given to typographical error, Infallible, Plenary, and Authoritative. II. The Godhead (Theology Proper) A. The Trinity - The Bible declares one God eternally existing in three persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. These three are co-equal in power and...
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...himself doubting it and even in God. Unlike the 1832 version the 1838/39 “First Vision” Joseph Smith was not involved in any of the churches, and never doubted God but rather found his answer in the bible. Also in this hand written version Joseph Smith was not seeking faith and revelation rather he had lost faith and hoping to have a revelation of God. Joseph smith said that during this time it was not wise to say there is no God, therefore seeking revelation was important. Lastly the visions were different. In 1832 Joseph Smith accounts of his vision was of Jesus Christ appearing to him and telling him not to join any churches, unlike his 1838/39 vision where God and Christ appeared to him; which drifts his image from a faith follower to a sinner and faith seeker. Each difference then brings the question why they are...
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...Study Guide: Module 2 I. Christianity is a Life-Changing Book Instructions to Student: Write your answers in this column. The cell will expand as you type. A. Core Christianity (textbook): Chapter 2 1. What does dual authorship mean? It means both God & Man were writing the Bible at the same time. 2. What was the Old Testament written on? Vellum or Parchments that were sewn together and rolled into a scroll. 3. What are the three divisions of the Old Testament? Law of Moses, Prophets, and Psalms 4. What did the Psalms scroll contain? The Major Prophets 5. What is a codex? The first title for the books ( New Testament) 6. Where does the name “Bible” come from? Ta Biblia – Latin for “the book”, later translated to Bible in English 7. Where does the term “Scripture” come from? Scriptus which is the act of producing writing. 8. What are three ways the Bible can influence its reader? It’s convicting, convincing, converting power to all who honestly accept its message and believe in Jesus Christ. B. Theology for Today (online excerpts) Arguments that the Bible is the Word of God 1. What three arguments form the basis for arguments from revelation? (1) that the Bible is consistent with itself, (2) that the Bible corresponds with reality, and (3) that the Bible’s claims can be scientifically demonstrated. We shall examine the Bible’s claim that it is the Word of God. 2. What empirical evidence sets Christianity apart from other...
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...Tiffany American Literature Before 1865 14 February 2012 Puritan Ideology: Irresistible Grace Puritanism was a group of practices and principles that created reforms in doctrine and religion. The basic Puritan beliefs were founded on the TULIP concept. It is an acronym that stands for: Total depravity, Unconditional election, Limited atonement, Irresistible grace, and Perseverance of the saints. There are also other beliefs outside of TULIP, such as typology, manifest destiny, and backsliding. However, a principle that was focused on by John Winthrop and Jonathan Edwards is irresistible grace. It makes the assertion that God’s grace is freely given; it cannot be earned or denied. Grace is recognized as the saving and transfiguring power of God. Winthrop’s “A Model of Christian Charity” and Edward’s “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” are effective examples of literature that shows irresistible grace. John Winthrop, along with many other people from Europe, came to America to establish the “city on the hill” idea of religion. While being the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, he felt that it was his duty to remind the people of their purpose for coming to America. He envisioned a society that practiced God’s teaching and that was based on His ideas. By creating this religious community, the Puritans would be an illustration showing everyone else how to live the way that God wanted. In his sermon, “A Model of Christian Charity,” he tells the Puritans that their...
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...Proctor Abigail Williams and Elizabeth Proctor from the 1953 play The Crucible could not be more different. Elizabeth is an honest, caring, religious woman, who cares deeply about her husband and sons. Abigail is a lying, mean, revenge-driven woman, who only has her own self interests at heart. Arthur Miller’s play The Crucible takes place in 1692, in the village of Salem. It is about a well-respected farmer, John Proctor, who had an affair with a seventeen-year girl, Abigail Williams. Abigail then goes on to accuse Elizabeth, John’s wife, of witchcraft, to have her imprisoned and hanged. From their personality, to their values, to their feelings, Abigail Williams and Elizabeth Proctor are polar opposites. In a village of sinners, Elizabeth Proctor is a true saint. According to her husband, she has never told a lie. “There are them that cannot sing, and them that cannot weep—my wife cannot lie.” (Miller 520). She is also so kind-hearted and caring, that she refuses to be angry at her husband, despite that fact that he had an affair with another woman. (Miller 489) “with a smile to keep her dignity”. Lastly, she only believes in doing what is right. She refuses to...
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