...infectious disease? Salmonella germs have been causing illnesses for over a hundred years. It was discovered by Dr. Daniel E. Salmon in 1885. Salmonella is a infectious rod shaped, gram negative bacteria that can cause diarrhea illnesses in both humans and animals. Salmonellosis is an infection that is caused by the presence of salmonella bacterium in the small intestine. Salmonella can cause other diseases such as typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever. The salmonella family has over 2,300 serotypes of bacteria, with Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium being the most common strains of the pathogen in the United States. Strains of salmonella that have no symptoms for animals can make people sick, and vice versa. If the bacteria is in your food there is usually no way for one to taste, smell, or even see the pathogen in your food. 2. How is this infectious disease transmitted through food or water? Salmonella infections in humans are normally caused by infected foods such as beef, poultry, and eggs that have not been cooked or stored properly. This has a lot to do with poor kitchen and personal hygiene. Polluted water, contact with feces from an infected person, or contact with reptiles such as snakes and turtles are other sources for salmonella infection. Most salmonella bacteria is destroyed by the stomach acids, but if there is a high concentration in infected foods then some can manage to survive and multiply. Salmonella can survive for several...
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...Sabrina Pittman March 20, 2014. Food Borne Illness: Salmonella Salmonellosis is the infection people get when they are infected with the bacteria Salmonella. A fun fact about Salmonellosis is where it got its name. The name derived from the scientist who discovered it whose name was Salmon. There are many different types of Salmonella bacteria. There are two of the bacteria that are most prominent. These bacteria are Salmonella serotype Typhimurium and Salmonella serotype Enteritidis. When infected, the person develops diarrhea, fever and abdominal cramps at least twelve to seventy-two hours after infection. The duration of the infection can take anywhere from four days to a week in order to subside. There are definitely some consequences of Salmonella. Even though the symptom of diarrhea may be gone, it can take months for bowel habits to regulate to normal. Infected people may also develop pain in their joints, eye irritation, and pain when urinating. These symptoms are called reactive arthritis. It can last for months or even years, unfortunately, it can also lead to chronic arthritis. Most people do not need to be treated for Salmonellosis but if diarrhea persists and becomes severe, IV fluids may have to be administered. If the bacteria travels from the intestines to the bloodstream, antibiotics (ampicillin) will be administered by a doctor. The Salmonella bacteria can be transmitted through food like raw poultry, beef, unwashed fruit, and eggs. It can also be transmitted...
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...Salmonella Kristal Martinez SCI163 September 26, 2012 Sally Fierro Salmonella Salmonella is the name for over 2,500 types of bacteria found in unwashed fruits and vegetables, uncooked or undercooked meats and eggs and contaminated water. Salmonella bacteria are capsule shaped that are known to cause diseases in humans, animals, and birds, especially poultry. Many of these bacteria can cause illness in humans, and they can pass from the feces of people or animals to through the foods processing or harvesting. Humans usually contract salmonella from contaminated food; it is most common among poultry but can taint almost any food type. Some outbreaks have included the bacteria found in raw eggs, raw meat (ground beef and other poorly cooked meats), egg products, fresh vegetables, nuts, and contaminated water. Salmonella can enter water in a bowel movement of an infected human or animal through sewage overflows, sewage systems that are not working properly, or wells after severe flooding. Infected milk is another possibility of infection, but pasteurization usually destroys the germ. A recent major outbreak in July of 2012 by Cargill meat solutions Corporation was found in over 29,000 pounds of fresh ground beef products. A total of 46 people in 9 states were reported to have contracted the virus, thankfully no deaths were reported. Although the recall is over Cargill encourages consumers who purchased these products with sell by dates of May 29 to June 16th of this...
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...CPH 601—Spring 2015 Helen Sauer Salmonella—Prevalence and Prevention Strategies Background/History Salmonella is a bacteria commonly found in the intestinal tracts of humans and animals, including reptiles, farm animals, and rodents. In 1885, Dr. Theobald Smith, a Department of Agriculture researcher investigating hog cholera, is the first to identify Salmonella enterica, formerly called Salmonella choleraesui. Dr. Smith worked under Dr. Daniel E. Salmon, who became the bacteria’s namesake.1 There are around 2,500 different serotypes of Salmonella bacteria. Salmonella can be grouped into typhoidal (S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi) and non-typhoidal (including Typhimurium and Enteritidis, the most common serotypes in the United States.2 In the early 20th century, Irish immigrant Mary Mallon was identified as the first asymptomatic carrier of typhoid. Now an infamous public health case study, “Typhoid Mary” infected an estimated 51 people with typhoid fever over the course of her career before being forcibly quarantined by state public health officials. In spring 1985, 168,000 to 197,000 people were sickened with salmonellosis in northern Illinois, comprising the largest outbreak of Salmonella food poisoning in United States history. Investigators determined the cause to be Salmonella typhimurium strain of bacteria associated with the Hillfarm Dairy in Melrose Park, Illinois. 3 Salmonella has also been used as a tool of bioterrorism. In 1984, 751 individuals were deliberately...
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...Salmonella • What is the infectious agent (pathogen) that causes this infectious disease? For example, the name of the bacteria, virus, or parasite. Salmonella is the name of the bacteria that is found in many raw or undercooked food. The pathogen that causes salmonella is Salmonella enterica bacterium in the Latin name, other known as Salmonella. You can find this in undercooked meat, poultry, dairy products, and seafood. There are two age groups that are more than likely to be affected are the children and the elderly. Another type of person that can get this easily are people with low immune systems. Salmonella is also found more in the summer than in the winter. • How is this infectious agent transmitted through food or water? This agent is transmitted to food by feces. There are many ways this agent can get into your food, such as the food being contaminated at the factory. When handling food it is important to always wash your hands and your utensils. It is always important not to use the same utensils that you have used on raw meats, on something else without washing it properly. Another thing you have to watch out is the outside of eggs, there can be feces on the egg if it was not cleaned properly. • What is an example of a real life outbreak of this foodborne illness in the United States? Using the information from http://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks.html. I’m shocked to see that there are out breaks of salmonella back to 2006. From what I have read...
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...Salmonella What is the infectious agent (pathogen) that causes this infectious disease? For example, the name of the bacteria, virus, or parasite. Salmonellosis is an infection with bacteria called Salmonella. The Salmonella consist of a range of very closely related bacteria, many of which cause disease in humans and animals. There are many different kinds of these bacteria. Salmonella serotype Typhimurium and Salmonella serotype Enteritidis are the most common types in the United States. Salmonella infection is a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. Salmonella bacteria typically live in animal and human intestines and are shed through feces. Humans become infected more frequently through contaminated water or food. How is this infectious agent transmitted through food or water? Salmonella is transmitted through food or water during food/water processing or food/water handling. Not separating cooked foods from ready-to-eat foods. Using utensils on cooked foods that were previously used on raw foods and placing cooked foods on plates where raw foods once were while haven’t been cleaned thoroughly. Eating high-risk foods like raw or lightly cooked eggs, undercooked ground beef or poultry, and unpasteurized milk makes it easy to transmit salmonella. Not keeping food properly refrigerated before cooking. The number one cause is a food handler who does not wash his or her hands with soap after using the bathroom. What is an example of a real...
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...Salmonella 1 What is the infectious agent (pathogen) that causes this infectious disease? For example, the name of the bacteria, virus, or parasite. Salmonella is a motile, non-spore-forming, gram-negative, rod- shaped bacterium in the family Enterobacteriaceae and the tribe Salmonellae. The genus Salmonella is divided into two species - S. enterica and S. bongori; both of which are pathogenic to humans. However, S. enterica is a greater public health concern and is further divided into 6 subspecies which are then further subdivided into serotypes. Epidemiology and Clinical Significance Depending upon the serotype, Salmonella can cause two types of illness (1) nontyphoidal salmonellosis and (2) typhoid fever. 2 How is this infectious agent transmitted through food or water? Salmonella bacteria can be found in food products such as raw poultry, eggs, and beef, and sometimes on unwashed fruit. Food prepared on surfaces that previously were in contact with raw meat or meat products can, in turn, become contaminated with the bacteria. This is called cross-contamination. Salmonella bacteria are taken in by mouth and it may occur by inadequate cooking, cross contamination or person to person spread. 3What is an example of a real life outbreak of this foodborne illness in the United States? The 2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak began in the spring of 2008 when hundreds of people throughout the United States fell ill after consuming contaminated food. The U.S. Food and...
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...Salmonella is a bacterial infection cause by gram negative bacteria salmonella. Since bacterica can evolve there are two main kinds of the Salmonella bacteria. Two specie are cause by typhoid fever, Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi. Salmonella typhi only affects people and Salmonella paratyphi reside in people but sometimes in wild animals. People are usually become infected when they eat contaminated food, examples are uncooked poultry or eggs. The bacteria usually infect the digestive tract but can travel through the bloodstream and infect other parts of the body Symptoms are nausea, cramps, abdominal pain, watery diarrhea, fever, and vomiting. It can also attack the liver and spleen which causes them to swell. To see if you are infected with this bacteria they take a portion of stool and test it. Salmonella bacteria also causes several types of infection. Most often, these bacteria cause gastroenteritis, but they sometimes cause typhoid fever, a more serious infection. When the intestine is attack, symptoms usually start to show around 12 to 48 hours after the bacteria are ingested. Then nausea and abdominal pain occur, soon followed by watery diarrhea, fever, and vomiting. Salmonella symptoms tend to clear up in about 1 to 4 days. Uncommonly things could gradually get worse and symptoms are more severe and last a long time. However, approximately 40,000 cases of salmonellosis are reported in the United States. Many milder cases are not diagnosed or reported, the...
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...Salmonellosis is caused by many things, but one would have never thought it could be caused by just eating food. A common way this disease is caused is by consuming uncooked food and unpasteurized drinks. In other words, “Salmonella food poisoning is a bacterial food poisoning caused by the Salmonella bacterium. It results in the swelling of the lining of the stomach and intestines (gastroenteritis)” (Carson-De Witt 1). Some of the foods that often contain this bacteria include rare chicken, raw eggs, and unpasteurized milk. Eggs can become infected by the bacteria by sitting on a surface contaminated with Salmonella (Carson-De Witt 2). Salmonella can also be spread by making contact with people or animals infected with this illness. It can...
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...Illness Salmonella SCI/163 Troy Bushman November 18, 2013 1 The infectious agent pathogen that causes salmonella is called salmonella enteritis. The bacteria are larger than a virus; but, are visible to the eye with the microscope. It is rod-shaped, gram negative, non-motile bacteria that do not form spores. Interestingly enough it communicates to its fellow bacteria via AHL. It infects the cell, multiplies within it; and then, bursts the cell. Special effector protein factors are required for salmonella intestinal invasion and the induction of fluid secretion and for inflammatory responses. There are about six names species names of it, salmonella enteritis’s, and salmonella enteric which cause the human disease. “Salmonella is one of the most commonly reported types of food-borne illness. Salmonella is caused by a variety of different bacteria. The ensuing illness is treatable, but in some cases, fatal. Most of the time people aren’t even aware they have salmonella, they think something they ate didn’t agree with them and the symptoms are mild and disappear quickly. I believe no one really takes any action of going to a hospital or to their doctor until the symptoms worsen and become unbearable or scary for them that’s at least what I do, which I shouldn’t because instead of me finding out what problem was solving it quickly, I go through the pain and agony until I can’t take it anymore. Quite often, the mishandling of food products causes salmonella. In many...
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...Salmonella Salmonella is a bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract system. Salmonella are found in animals as well as human intestines, it comes through the feces. Increase exposure are International travel where developing countries with poor sanitation. Owning a pet bird or reptile is also a risk factor if they are infected with salmonella bacteria. Stomach has a natural defense against salmonella. Some disorders are antacids, inflammatory bowel disease and recent use of antibiotics can shorten the natural defense. Most people are infected with salmonella by eating foods that are contaminated by feces. The most infected foods are raw meat, poultry, and seafood. When the meat is raw it becomes contaminated in the process of distribution. Seafood is contaminated when the water they are harvest is contaminated. Eggs can be contaminated from infected chicken making the eggs bad before it is form. Fruits and vegetables, mostly imported ones can become contaminated by washing in contaminated water. This mainly occurs when juices from raw meat comes in contact with uncooked foods like salads. The 2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak began in the spring of 2008 when hundreds of people throughout the United States fell ill after consuming contaminated food. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration currently believes that the contaminated food products responsible are fresh jalapeño and serrano peppers from Mexico, and perhaps raw tomatoes. Fresh cilantro is also under...
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...Lifestyle and Weight Management The Lifestyle Redesign® Weight Management Program is based on sound medical research, and has proven successful with thousands of clients. This customized treatment helps you to establish healthy individualized lifestyle choices to enable you to lose weight in ways that are safe, realistic and sustainable. You will find greater satisfaction and pleasure in what you do each day, while you lose weight and keep it off. Each week in the Program, you will explore topics like: *Healthy eating *Physical activity and exercise *Balancing work, rest and play *Stress & time management *Finding healthy pleasures and non-food rewards *The link between your daily choices and chronic conditions (such as diabetes, high blood pressure, etc.) *Increasing your energy *Emotional issues tied to food *Social eating *Healthy cooking and dining out *Increasing meaningful activity while decreasing draining activity Eating Habits The term eating habits (or food habits) refers to why and how people eat, which foods they eat, and with whom they eat, as well as the ways people obtain, store, use, and discard food. Individual, social, cultural, religious, economic, environmental, and political factors all influence people's eating habits. Why and How People Eat People eat according to learned behaviors regarding etiquette, meal and snack patterns, acceptable foods, food combinations, and portion sizes. Etiquette refers to acceptable behaviors. For example...
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...Salmonella is a type of bacterial found in the intestinal track of humans and other animals. Humans can contract salmonellosis when they eat food contaminated with animal feces, normally though as food poisoning. The meat, poultry, milk and cheese are common sources, but you can get salmonellosis with any food, including vegetables. Transmission can occur if you are infected and do not wash your hands after going to the bathroom then the bacteria can be passed through the food you are preparing, also if you use the same knife to cut raw chicken then cut tomatoes or other vegetables and do not wash it between using it again, therefore it will contaminate the other dishes with the bacteria. The bacteria is killed in the cooking of food, but if a carrier of the infection does not wash their hands after using the bathroom, any food that he or she touches is contaminated. Symptoms of salmonellosis are diarrhea, fever and abdominal pain are common between 12 and 72 hours after the individual was infected and recovers from 4 to 7 days without treatment, but sometimes salmonella spreads from the intestines into the blood stream and other body regions. If salmonella spreads through the body, a person could even die unless they receive antibiotics. People with weakened immune systems, elderly, and infants are more susceptible to get severely ill. People with diarrhea usually recover completely, but your bowel movements may not return to normal for several months. In a small number...
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...from corporations responsible for foodborne illness outbreaks to be held criminally liable. Should Corporations Be Criminally Liable for Foodborne Illness Outbreaks? Introduction Foodborne illness represents a serious threat to everyone in the United States and according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 1 in 6 or 48 million Americans are sickened each year by consuming contaminated foods or beverages resulting in an estimated 128,000 hospitalizations and 3,000 deaths. (“Foodborne Illness”, 2014). Foodborne illness or food poisoning as it is sometimes referred to, is most often caused when bacteria, viruses, molds, and parasites enter the human gastrointestinal tract. The most common foodborne illnesses include Salmonella, and the Norovirus which alone account for 69% of all foodborne illnesses in the United States (“What is Foodborne Illness”, 2014). The contamination is often caused by when food or...
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...SC300 Big Ideas in Science Unit 2 Project In analyzing attendance of some local middle schools there seems to be a spike in student absences. After careful consideration in examining these absences there may be a link that connects them being a cause for concern. It seems that students involved with school band have a spike in absences due to sickness resulting in the same symptoms. Further investigations would want to look into the following: 1. Where did the bands travel? 2. What did the band members eat? 3. Were meals provided by the band and by whom? 4. Did the bands stop and eat at any same local restaurants? 5. What drinking sources were provided to band members, what were they and where did they come from? 6. Were there any band members sick prior to the events? By interviewing students, parents and school faculty similarities could be drawn to conclude the source of contamination causing such a rise in sickness among the Band students. There is concern and diligence to find out the source of this common sickness among the students so that an epidemic can be ruled out as quickly as possible preventing wide spread panic within the schools and community. Epidemics can take a while to determine if cases are not connected, meanwhile cases start to increase without proper treatment. There are modern epidemics such as parasites and mercury poisoning (Hubpages, 2012)....
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