...resistance is negligible. Which of the following statements is true? 1) There is only one force acting on the satellite. What is the escape speed from a planet of mass M and radius R if M = 3.2 ´ 1023 kg and R = 2.4 ´ 106 m? 2) 4.2 km/s Planet Zero has a mass of 5.0 ´ 1023 kg and a radius of 2.0 ´ 106 m. A space probe is launched vertically from the surface of Zero with an initial speed of 4.0 km/s. What is the speed of the probe when it is 3.0 ´ 106 m from Zero's center? 2) 2.2 km/s Which of the following quantities is conserved for a planet orbiting a star in a circular orbit? Only the planet itself is to be taken as the system; the star is not included. 2) Energy and angular momentum. What is the magnitude of the free-fall acceleration at a point that is a distance 2R above the surface of the Earth, where R is the radius of the Earth? 2) 1.1 m/s2 A satellite circles planet Roton every 2.8 h in an orbit having a radius of 1.2 ´ 107 m. If the radius of Roton is 5.0 ´ 106 m, what is the magnitude of the free-fall acceleration on the surface of Roton? 2) 27 m/s2 A 50-kg satellite circles planet Cruton every 5.6 h in an orbit with a radius of 12 ´ 106 m. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force on the satellite by planet Cruton? 2) 58 N A spaceship of mass m circles a planet (mass = M) in an orbit of radius R. How...
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...Large amounts of dust and gases accumulated over many years to form the planet. Venus is thought to be the result of a large collision. This is due to the fact that Venus rotates differently than the other planets in our solar system. Venus is commonly referred to as Earth's "sister planet" because of their similarity in size as well as a similar gravitational force. Although Venus and Earth share some similarities, it has shown to be very different from Earth in many other aspects. It has the most dense atmosphere out of the four terrestrial planets. Venus consists of more than 96% carbon dioxide. Surface Geography: The surface shows evidence of extreme volcanism, and the sulfur in the atmosphere may mean that there have been some recent eruptions. Venus is covered by a thick atmosphere, creating a blazing environment with temperatures reaching high enough to melt lead. Geology: Much of Venus's surface appears to have been shaped by volcanic activity. Venus is home to about 167 large volcanoes. Some stretching over 100 km long. Venusian surface is estimated to be 300–600 million years old. Almost 2x longer than Earth's. Internal Structure The similarity in size and density between Venus and Earth may mean that they share a similar internal structure: a core, mantle, and crust. Like Earth, the Venus's core is at least partially liquid because the two planets have been cooling at about the same rate. The slightly smaller size of Venus may mean that its interior pressure...
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...Application of 1st Law to the Orbit aound Sun The closest point to the Sun in a planet's orbit is called perihelion, Rp. The furthest point is called aphelion, Ra. Eccentricity e, of an ellipse is the ratio of distance between the foci to the major-axis of ellipse. The value of ‘e’ for a circle is equal to zero and for an ellipse its value is greater than zero but less than 1. The values of ‘e’ for some planets are listed below. Mercury 0.206 Earth 0.0167 Mars 0.0485 Pluto 0.25 Law No 2: Law of Equal Areas A nonexistent line joining a planet and the sun ranges out an equivalent zone of space in equivalent measures of time. Kepler's second law fundamentally says that the planets velocity is not consistent – moving slowest at aphelion and quickest at perihelion. The law permits a stargazer to figure the orbital pace of a planet anytime. The purpose of Kepler's second law is that, although the orbit is symmetric, the motion is not. A planet speeds up as it approaches the Sun, gets its greatest velocity when passing closest, then slows down again....
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...constellations, the stars do not appear to shift their positions, and the planets exhibit retrograde motion. The Mesopotamians developed the idea that the Earth and the heavens were a spatial whole, making references to the circumference of heaven and Earth and the totality of heaven and Earth. Babylonian cosmology suggested that the cosmos revolved in a circular motion with the heavens and the earth being equal and joined as a whole. This led Plato to develop a model placing Earth as a...
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...Season and the planets, that’s been a question that’s has limited answers because of the limited research. In this essay we will discuss the common misconceptions that students have when understand the seasons of the earth, Along with identifying the other planets and if they have season or not. Also we will explain the aphelion, the perihelion and how it affects planet seasons. There are few common misconceptions that students think are true regarding the reasons for seasons on earth. Students usually believe that because of the earth’s distance and its orbits around the sun causes the seasons. That is because students believe that the earth is in an elongated elliptical path that causes the season depending on the distance. When all actuality the sun is in an orbit, as well as an elliptical path is an almost perfect circle. Another misconception is the earth is either far or close to the sun at various points of the path of orbit, in fact the earth stays in alignment almost constantly all year. The sun all around stays in the heat range of 5,778 Kelvin, there are no season on the sun since it is a star. The moon on other hand has various temperatures. During daylight the moons temperature grows to 253 degrees, and when its night the moon reaches -387 degrees. Mercury is in a tilt of an axis of zero. This means that there’s no seasonal type on the plant mercury. Mercury also as no atmosphere, that means that the weather changes don’t look like regular seasonal changes but...
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...Report 2 Living on Other Planets Introduction: * How would facilities function * How would they get supplies * How would people get to the locations The focus of colonization is a topic that has brought up several debates on how it could be possible. But, the first step towards that effort is to find a reason to migrate ourselves to other planets. Different minerals and precious metals from the surfaces of alien celestials are vital to the importance of any specific colonization effort. The industrial implications of a solid core of functional work environment for employees and civilian presences populating the platforms are essential. Facilities will consist of domed structures contained a self-sustained atmosphere and environment. Simulated weather for each of the seasons as well as integrated day and night cycles would keep the habitants on a routine familiar to them of our own home planet. This would include housing opportunities for employees to bring their families while honoring their agreed upon contract terms. Each Dome is specifically engineered and conditioned for their celestial home. There in, being resistant to the unique external environmental issues that would come from any given body’s location. Initial supplies for the project will be flown in prior to the colonization by unmanned crafted and landed carefully on the alien surface. Pioneer crews will depart with the final shipment and begin assembly of the primary dome structure. Once the...
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...of 100 cores of rupees. In this report, we will first analyze whether you have the potential to realize this dream in your life astrologically as per your natal chart. We will also analyze the astrological signatures for next 5 years w.r.t your natal chart and transit of each planet through your natal chart, to capture the potential ups and downs in your business during next 5 years. A) Basic Astrological Parameters: Your Birth Chart: The important parameters in your birth chart: Your Ascendant: Aquarius Your Sun-Sign: Libra Your Moon-Sign: Gemini Exalted Planet: Rahu & Ketu Debilitated Planet: Sun Retrograde Planet: Saturn Natal status of each of the planets in your chart: We have listed above the natal promise of all the 9 Vedic planets in the chart based on their status in the chart. There are likely to be lot of contradictions about their significance in different aspects of life. The same planet may be beneficial for a particular aspect in one’s life by it’s house location but it can be inauspicious for the same aspects in life because of the lordship of houses in the chart. One planet can be beneficial for a particular aspect in life and can promise great success and at the same time another planet can be most inauspicious and promise complete failure for...
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...Imagine this scenario set in the future. We know that a decently large rogue planet will be crashing into Earth in a certain number of years and we cannot do anything to stop this from happening. However, we do have the ability to terraform a planet. If we could also move humanity to either Mars or Venus, which one should we go for and why? Hi Jessica! Interesting question. To start off, I will define what terraforming is for those who do not know what it means. Terraforming refers to the hypothetical process of modifying a planet or other heavenly body in order to make it habitable by humans. This outcome can be achieved by changing the atmosphere’s competition, the body’s temperature, the surface topography or the planet’s ecology. In order for terraforming to be successful and the planet to be able to sustain life, NASA has defined that such a body must have extended regions of liquid water, favourable living conditions and enough energy sources to sustain metabolism (). Mars is generally understood to be the planet that is closest to fulfilling these criteria because in many respects it is the most Earth-like planet in the Solar System(). It is generally accepted by scientists that Mars once had an Earth-like characteristic including a thicker atmosphere and abundant sources of water. These characteristics have diminished over the course of hundreds of millions of years due to carbon dioxide/carbonates reactions, a lack of magnetosphere and numerous asteroid impacts. The...
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...lies beyond it in the Kuiper Belt. BEYOND PLUTO A recent Washington Post article detailed what New Horizons might discover next. According to the Scott Sheppard, an astronomer of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, astronomers have detected 1,500 icy bodies past Pluto, and many of these bodies could be potential planets. Most of them will probably...
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...People who don’t believe in aliens are more crazy than the ones that do believe in aliens. All a planet needs is water for there to be life but if the conditions are even better there can be TONS of life. In our solar system there is 8 planets with 1 that has life, which is us. There is 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 planets estimated in the universe. Supposedly the universe is ever expanding and if this were to be true then the probability of aliens is VERY likely and almost certain. Already Astronomers have found about 4 planets almost identical to earth out in deep space and if we could go there it would probably have some sort of life. The evidence we have is harsh but there is some to possibly help. In 1977 a signal was detected by a astronomy machine that could hear things deep into space and surprised them so much they wrote (wow!) on the paper. The...
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...orbital energy on their original orbit around the sun can be captured by a planet into their planetary orbit. However in order for it to loose enough orbital energy to be pulled into the planet’s gravitational field, an extended atmosphere consisting of dense gas should exist so that friction causes loss in energy of the body. These kind of moons are usually identified by either a rotation opposite to that of the planet or a large inclination to the planet’s equator. This theory explains the difference in densities of earth and moon. However it can be negated since the moon is relatively large compared to the size of Earth, it would have released after some time as the Earth would not have had enough energy to contain it in its gravitational field. Examples of such captured moons in our solar system are Triton of Neptune and Phobos and Deimos of Mars....
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...The year 2061 Fifty years from now I will be writting in a corner of my diary the year 2061 and the world won’t be the same...And even though I‘m not considiring the fact that I will be almost seventy year old lady,I still can not picture the world which is unavoidably coming. I know that there is a millions of people who would disagree with me,but I’m not really optimistic about the future.There is so much evil in the world.I litterally can see how the world is falling apart in our hands.It seems like those disasters that are ruining our planet aren’t about to stop.Plus the people are so mean to each other.You can barely see a someone giving a hand to an other.The world is just full of hate and anger.If you picture this rissing amount of these disasters,hate,corruption,discrimination and all those bad things that are going on now,how will it be in fifty years ? On the other hand a lot of people believe that the world WILL be a better place.We still can put our hopes in to the scientists.Who can find some way to improve the current state of the world.They can find some new cures or ways how to dispose a waste without leaking it into the sea. To sum things up I’m this kind of a person (maybe a crazy one ) who believes in the potential end of the world in 2012 not in the cause of that some huge asteroid will hit the Earth or that the magnetic poles will turn over.But I really support the teorie that the year 2012 will be „the start“ of the end and since now on the Earth will...
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...Planet Trojan X is approximately 110,546,002 Miles from the sun. Trojan X is very much similar to desert regions on earth with some exceptions. Such as instead of there being climate region changes, the entire planet has the same climate. Since the entire planet has the same climate type there was not much pressure on choosing the location to settle. There were a few things that proved to be necessary though such as a reliable water source and good food source nearby. We had found a great water source with an even greater wildlife and food source nearby. The timespan between night and day is very similar to earth’s timeframe with a few exceptions. Daytime lasts for only 8 hours and nighttime last for an average time of 16 hours due to the position of the planets in between Trojan X and the sun. In the region that we settled in there is a constant breeze that occurs, but on some nights there is a greater breeze that comes through and lowers the temperature drastically. Much like how the temperature in deserts on earth would be. It is very often that it rains on this hemisphere but that doesn’t mean it never rains. There is a timespan from where we will go 12 months with no rain and then the other twelve months of almost constant rain which makes crops a bit of a hassle for half the year. With the majority of Trojan X being a desert planet, there is an overabundance of sand. There are quite a bit of mountains a wild plants growing on them but over all its almost all sand. ...
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...hits, hostile extraterrestrial life, or other countless things that could bring an end to humans. Currently the entire population is on one planet, this means if one of these events come to pass humans could become extinct. With the threat of mass extinction imminent, the human race needs to expand past Earth and colonize other earth like planets in the Milky Way. With this expansion humanity is not just on one world and could survive after a disaster on earth. In order to expand scientists will have to solve three main problems: finding a planet suitable for colonization, the technology needed in this undertaking, and the political red tape. The first main problem in colonizing space is finding a suitable planet to colonize. According to (Villard, 2011) in “Hunting for Earthlike Planets,” there are several steps that scientists use to look for a planet with the possibility of supporting human life. The first and most important step is finding a planet within the goldilocks zone or habitable zone, this zone is the correct distance from a planet’s sun to allow liquid water on the surface. Once a planet is found in that zone, scientists then need to run a spectroscopic analysis on the atmosphere, this test uses light reflecting off the planet to see what gasses the atmosphere is composed of. This will show the scientists if the air on the planet is breathable to humans by...
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...the sole entity of the universe. The Earth was thought of as exact center of the solar system, and that other planets revolved around it. Through the efforts and determination of individuals who refused to believe unchecked facts or documents, Earth is not the center of the universe but is instead a small piece to a larger solar system. The discoveries made by earlier pioneers of science Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton. Developed ideas that help individuals understand the concepts of motion, and the formation of celestial bodies in space. Theories of gravity and space dramatically changed the views in which Individuals determine the origins of our Moon and other planets within our Solar System. As science and technologies progress, ideas of formations and motions in space provides more educated theories of how our world, or universe has formed and will continue to function. The Earth was formed about five billion years ago and is the earliest material in the solar system, which a solar nebula that collapsed from the formation of the sun ("How Did the Earth Form", 2012). Dust and gas from the solar nebula took about millions of years to form into the earth starting with center of the Earth to cool down and form a crust that allowed water to accumulate. The accumulation of water formed the oceans, which produced water vapor from asteroids and planets that collided with earth to form the atmosphere from gases and volcano activity. The best hypothesis in the...
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