...hildren have been intrigued by sand for many generations. Sand is a foundational part of the ground in the same way that dirt or clay is, making it available to children for centuries. Before the advent of the toys and electronics of today’s society, children were forced to find creative methods to play with the outdoor materials found all around them, including sand. Children have played in sand by digging, sifting, building, pouring, and exploring throughout time, and they should be encouraged to continue this method of play. Sand is very well-suited to the urge to explore and to the imagination inherent in young children. Reasons Why Playing in the Sand Is Good for Kids Like playing with water, playing in sand is soothing and entertaining for children. Even adults can occasionally be caught running their fingers and toes through sand and enjoying its texture. Although sand is naturally found outdoors and can be played with in sandboxes or on beaches, it can also be brought inside for children to play on the floor or on sand tables. No matter the location of the sand play, these are eight reasons why playing in the sand is good for kids: 1. It Is an Open-Ended Medium Children learn the most when faced with open-ended questions and open-ended tasks, and sand is a medium that is inherently open-ended. No matter the skill or cognitive level of the child, sand is an appropriate play object. Very young or underdeveloped children can simply sit in sand and take in the texture and...
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...Breaking up is hard to do – Separating Sand & Salt Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to separate a mixture of sand and salt. Materials: * Small beaker * Electric balance * Sand * Salt * Water * Graduated cylinder * Stirring rod * Filter paper * Flask * Rubber policeman * Wash bottle * Funnel * Bunsen burner complete with rubber tubing and a source of gas * Hot hands * Insulator pad * Ring stand complete with a ring * Wire gauze * Striker Pre-lab Questions: 1. Water will be useful in separating the salt and sand because salt is soluble in water, which allows it to dissolve into a homogenous mixture, allowing for filtering of the sand. 2. Properties of sand and salt that will help separate them are that salt is water soluble, and the sand is insoluble in water. 3. The three things that could go wrong in this experiment are: * During the evaporation of water while using the Bunsen burner, the flask might crack or explode – this can be avoided by not heating the flask over a prolonged period of time, and not heating it too intensely. * Some of the sand may be lost during the filtration – this can be avoided by carefully filtering the mixture, and making sure that all of the sand has been washed off from the beaker, and the rubber policeman. * Some of the salt may be lost if the salt doesn’t dissolve completely or if some of the salt water is spilled – this can be...
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...STUDENT RESEARCH PROJECT SAND FILTERS. COMPARISON OF THE MOST IMPORTANT OPERATION PARAMETERS María Graciela Vela Domínguez MSc. Study Program WASTE Supervisor: Martina Barabosz Examiner: Heidrun Steinmetz June 2013 INDEX Introduction……………………………………………………........ 2 1. Sand Filtration……………………………………………..…... 3 1.1 Slow Sand Filtration………………………………………..…. 6 1.1.1 Filter Description…………………………………………..… 6 1.1.2 Operational Parameters…………………………………….. 8 1.1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages……………………….…. 11 1.2 Rapid Sand Filtration………………………………………..… 14 1.2.1 Filter Description……………………………..........................14 15 1.2.2 Operational Parameters………….….................................... 1.2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages……………………….….. 23 1.2.4 Rapid Sand Filtration Classification………………………. 23 1.2.4.1 Continuous Rapid Sand Filtration………………………. 24 1.2.4.1.1 Filter Description…………………………………………. 24 1.2.4.1.2 Filter Operation..………………………………………… 25 27 1.2.4.1.3 Operational Parameters………………………………..………… 28 1.2.4.1.4 Advantages and Disadvantages…………………………. Conclusion……………………………………………………….…. 29 Bibliography………………………………………………….…….. 31 1 Introduction Sand filtration is a technology that has been used for wastewater treatment since a long time. Bed of granular material over a gravel bed is used to treat water. This process imitates a natural treatment that occurs as water runs through the soil. During the pass through, several processes such as...
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...Aug. 2011 .How To Build a Sand Castle For young and old alike, a trip to the beach means relaxation, adventure, and a temporary escape from the worries and responsibilities of ordinary life. Whether swimming or surfing, playing volleyball or snoozing in the sand, a visit to the beach means fun. Making sand castles is a project for beachgoers of all ages. Some castles are very elaborate while others are plain. “Why spend money on clay when you can use beach sand for free?” (How to Build a Sand Castle) Move this quote into a supporting paragraph. Quotes cannot be inserted in the introductory – or concluding – paragraphs. Remember your thesis statement must be in your own words, too. Is this meant to be your thesis? Be sure to create a sentence in your own words which encompasses the WHOLE main idea/purpose of your paper. The only equipment needed in the process of creating a sand castle is a twelve inch deep bucket, a small plastic shovel, carving tools, and an abundance of moist sand. If carving tools are unavailable, a plastic kitchen knife will work, however a pastry knife with a squared off end is preferred. Begin using the plastic shovel, by digging up a large amount of sand (enough to fill at least six buckets) and arranging it in a pile near your chosen work site. “Choose a square site that is close to the water, but not so close that waves will destroy the castle as the tide comes up.” (Sand Castle Tips & Tricks) Then, scoop the wet sand into your pail patting it down...
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...report submitted On SANDS CORPORATION ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- In partial fulfilment for requirements of the course ------------------------------------------------- Written Analysis and Communication - I ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Instructor : Prof. Blah ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Submitted by: ------------------------------------------------- Diya ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Date: 26th Aug 2014 Letter of Transmittal 21st August, 1961 From Diya Vice President, Sands Corporation To President, Sands Corporation Subject – Decision report after evaluating the options available for setting up a new plant either at Kimberly Street or Hampton. Sir Please find enclosed a detailed report on the current situation in the Sands corporation along with the report analyses, the current situation, the options available, the criteria for evaluation, recommendation and the action plan. It is recommended to set up the plant at the Kimberly street by the Sands corporation. Regards Divya U Executive Summary Located in the Clairmont, a large and a highly industrialized city, Sands Corporation is a aircraft...
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...An analysis of the cost/benefit profile of the Alberta oil sands The Alberta oil sands is one of the largest and most controversial energy projects on the planet; whereby large quantities of bitumen are converted into oil through complex and energy intensive chemical processes. The tar sands contain approximately 170 billion barrels of oil, and are the third largest proven reserve of oil in the world. It is expected that this operation will continue to experience rapid development which may result in a diverse array of negative and positive impacts that could significantly influence our society. The advantages and disadvantages of the Alberta oil sands can be analyzed through four key components: political, economic, technological and environmental toxicological perspectives. The cost/benefit profile of the tar sands is evident, and in order to properly address this issue, a plausible and realistic solution must be implemented. Therefore, this will hopefully lead to a decrease in the environmental toxicological and public health impacts associated with the tar sands while preserving socio-economic growth and technological advancement. The political aspect of the oil sands is mainly regulated through the government of Alberta. These legislative members continually promote the expansion of this project as well as advertise its contributions to the economic and technological sector within Canada. The current governmental laws...
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...Mineral Sands: An Overview of the Industry Greg Jones1 ABSTRACT Mineral sands are different to most commodities, however they share similarities with other commodity types, such as the importance of quality constraints of iron ore and coal or the importance of physical properties of diamonds. The mineral sands industry consists of two principal product streams; titanium dioxide minerals – in the form of rutile, ilmenite and leucoxene; and zircon. The principal valuable heavy minerals (VHM) include ilmenite, leucoxene, rutile and zircon. Variations of other titanium minerals occur between the end members of ilmenite and rutile, including pseudo rutile and anatase. Most mineral sands deposits are found in unconsolidated fossil shorelines several hundreds of metres to tens of kilometres and occasionally hundreds of kilometres inland from the present coastline. Mineral sands orebodies essentially fall into two categories based on the mode of deposition: alluvial or aeolian. Alluvial deposits are further split into marine beach placers (or strandlines) and lacustrine heavy mineral (HM) accumulations. Exploration for mineral sands involves the positive identification of key criteria leading to the focus of exploratory surface sampling, augering and drilling. Assaying is primarily focused around determining the percentage of HM contained within a given sample. Other results of interest include clay fines, sand and oversize. Metallurgical/mineralogical assessment is often undertaken...
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...Canada’s Oil Sands Resubmission Several communities in Canada have grown and become dependent on the oil industry, such as Fort McMurray [20]. Many local economies within Northern Alberta rely on the oil sands [19]. The Shell Albian Sands [37], consisting of the Athabasca Oil Sands Project, accounts for 17 percent of Canada’s oil production. The project has been extracting and processing heavy Canadian crude [18] oil for years. Transportation of the oil is heavily reliant on pipelines, especially since some of the oil extracted in Canada is sent to other countries. The Keystone XL oil pipeline [5] is a proposed pipeline that will transport natural resources from Alberta to Gulf coast refineries. The pipeline is heavily opposed by the Natural Resources Defense Council [24], mainly arguing the pipeline will have negative long term economic and environmental impacts. One of the areas the pipeline will pose a threat to is the Ogallala Aquifer [10]. The Ogallala Aquifer is a shallow water table beneath the Great Plains of the United States. It provides about 30% of the ground water used to irrigation in the United States. If the Keystone XL pipeline is built, there is the risk of an oil spill, which would contaminate the Ogallala Aquifer. Another proposed pipeline is the Northern Gateway pipeline [32], which will stretch from Bruderheim, Alberta to Kitimat, British Columbia. The eastbound pipeline will transport natural gas condesate, while the westbound pipeline will transport...
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...Alberta’s Oil Sands: Are They Really That Bad? College Communications – Section 106 Friday, November 26, 2010 Alberta’s Oil Sands: Are They Really That Bad? One of the most recent topics related to the environment and how poorly Canada is performing, when it comes to managing its pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, is Alberta’s oil sands. Most of us have seen the commercials put out by the Canadian Association of Petroleum producers (CAPP), created to inform us of the innovations and research that is currently being done to reduce their pollution and carbon footprint. Are these commercials presenting us with straight facts or have they been presented to us in an attempt to sway our opinion? Whichever the case may be, we have a right to be properly informed and our government has a responsibility to analyze, inform and act with the best interest of Canada’s environment and its people in mind. When we compare what we are told by the government and the association representing the oil sands industry, with scientific facts, we will see where our government’s true interest lies and how damaging the oil sands really are. The most obvious effects of the oil sands is the area consumed by their operations. To date, more land has been reserved for oil sands operations than that of the entire country of England. Amongst all of this land, the oil sands have what are called tailing ponds. These are large bodies of contaminated water, created as a holding area for the oil...
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...Las Vegas Sands Corporation History The Las Vegas Sands Corporation started in 1989 as “Las Vegas Sands Incorporated” with the purchase of the Sands hotel and casino by entrepreneur Sheldon Adelson and his partners. In 1995 Sheldon Adelson bought out his partners in The Interface Group (TIG), the group that made the initial purchase of the Sands, and began planning the Venetian. In 1996 the Sands was imploded and in 1999 the Venetian was opened. Five years later, in December of 2004, Adelson took the Las Vegas Sands Inc. group public and it has since been the Las Vegas Sands Corporation (LVSC). Financial history The initial offering on December 14th, 2004 consisted of 23,809,524 shares at a price of $29 per share. From Bloomberg Business week, also shown in Appendix 1, we can see that since the first full month that LVSC has been traded on the NYSE its average record monthly high stock value was $103.05 and its average monthly record low stock trade value was $10.17. Within the last five years, the LVSC has suffered through the world’s economic downturn just like any other company. In Appenix 2 we can see that the early part of 2009 was the worst, in terms of stock prices, for the LVSC. We can also see that within the last two years, LVSC has also regained a lot of ground. There current share price is on the NYSE is at 51.50 and the performance of the Macau and Singapore markets continues to positively increasing the value of the overall company. Political position...
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...Tar sands location and area The tar sands are large deposits of bitumen, which is a form of crude oil. This consists largely of bitumen, sand, and clay. This area covers over 100,000 square kilometers. he tar sands are located in located in specifically, Alberta. Habitants of Fort Chipewyan While the population of Fort Chipewyan is relatively small, a sizable percentage are indigenous people. These individuals often have lower income, which is especially troubling because a large number of these people rely on a traditional diet of local plans and animals to survive. Continuously, I think that we can see a similar situation with people of color having bodies that are less valuable than wealthy, white communities. For instance, with the North Dakota pipeline, Native Americans have been fighting to not have the pipeline go through their reservation in order to maintain sacred land, and protect their water. The pipeline wasn’t originally supposed to even pass through that area, however the white community it was planned to be played through complained about the dangers of possible contamination. Health problems of Habitants...
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...Exploitation of Canadian tar sands How is the oil formed? Conventionally crude oil is extracted by drilling into a petroleum reservoir, but tar sands are mostly mined by opencast mining. The extracted material is then crushed, mixed with water and the bitumen separated out before it can be refined for use. Tar sands are also pumped out. High pressure steam is injected underground to separate the bitumen from the sand. Economic costs: * Producing useable oil from tar sands is expensive; it is only viable when oil costs over $30 a barrel. It costs $15 a barrel to extract bitumen from tar sands, compared with $2 a barrel for conventional crude oil * Producing useable oil from tar sands is also very energy intensive. It takes the equivalent of one barrel of oil to produce three barrels of crude oil from tar sands. Conventional oil production requires much less energy. Economic Benefits: * Oil is vital to the Canadian economy. In 2007, the oil industry accounted for nearly 20% of the total value of Canadian exports. * By 2030, tar sands could meet 16% of North America’s demand for oil. – Providing a secure sizable source of oil for Canada and the USA. * At a local scale, mining, processing and its multipliers generate around 100,00 jobs in Northern Alberta Environmental costs: * The Alberta Energy Research Institute says that processed tar sands are a large source of greenhouse gas emissions due to their energy intensive production * The environmental...
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...Athabasca Oil Sands Project Case Study Analysis Recognize All Moral Impacts Stakeholder Write up: Stakeholders are individuals or groups that have one or more of various kinds of stakes in an organization and may affect and be affected by actions, decisions, or practices of the business. The key stakeholders in relation to the Athabasca Oil Sand Project are the governments, the public, and the natural environment. The first secondary social stakeholder with high interest and high power is the government. Governments hold high power as they set out the regulations and need the businesses to do well in order to maintain a strong economy. Consequently, they hold great legitimacy, urgency, and power. The Canadian government are particularly interested in the Athabasca Oil Sand Project because oil sands development not only benefits all Canadians through employment opportunities but also contributes to the highest rate of economic growth in Canada over the last 20 years. “The Tar Sands are now the biggest capital project anywhere on Earth and the biggest energy undertaking anywhere.” The government sees this as an excellent opportunity for a growing economy, thus supporting the project. The government also holds great power, as they are the ones enforcing the laws and regulations upon a business or organization. However, in this case, the government “fails to enforce its own environmental laws; and it is even engaging in cover-up when people blow the whistle on how...
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...Executive Summary Las Vegas Sands Corporation (“LVS”) is arguably the world’s premier casino resort operator. With its operations in Las Vegas, Macau, Pennsylvania, and its new development in Singapore and Europe LVS, is now well-positioned to capture a large slice of what is becoming an increasingly huge pie. They are the biggest company in its industry with a USD market cap of 35.1 billion as of 2011. The casino operator has been a pioneer in opening new markets in Asia, and will continue to aggressively focus on a variety of other development opportunities where it’s needed. However, LVS has faced significant financial challenges since the economic recession began in the fourth quarter of 2008. Among the significant ones is its large amount of long term debt currently at 9.58 billion. Las Vegas Sands Corporation has strategically sold some of their “non-core” assets such as the Venetian retail mall, and its Shoppes at the Palazzo in order to remain compliance with its credit covenants. With this said, there are now in the position to return to profitable operations with its Asian pipeline and its new development project in Europe with the assumption that upon completing these projects it will generate enough revenue to get rid of all their debts. In addition, to their debt issues are the ongoing lawsuits that have brought a threat from government officials questioning how the company conducts its domestic and foreign operations. This is an issue of growing importance especially...
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...ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE ATHABASCA OIL SANDS “The modern era began with the discovery that started the most brilliant, inventive, and destructive age in the history of mankind. The age of energy.” The Athabasca oil sands were founded in the late 1960s and have now developed into a major player within the Canadian economy, acting as its prominent supplier of crude oil. With roughly 2.5 trillion barrels of oil in the ground, the oil sands are one of the largest deposits in the world. However, a problem arises with the extraction process, as it is both expensive and cumbersome with the presence of bitumen within the oil (a highly viscous, black hydrocarbon). Therefore, the extensive extraction process that is required by oil mining companies leads to negative environmental implications. As a result, this paper will discuss the extent of these environmental implications in terms of escalating greenhouse gas emissions, the depletion and contamination of water reserves, and the destruction of terrestrial ecosystems within the Boreal forest. In addition to this, the underlying notion of Alberta’s unlikely future for a sustainable environment. Greenhouse gases (GHG) are emissions within the atmosphere that absorbs and emit radiation, thus damaging the ozone layer. Taking this into consideration, the expansionary development associated with the Athabasca oil sands are rapidly increasing the level of pollution emitted within Canada. The oil sands alone are a source of more than one...
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