...LAYOUT OF A TYPICAL 18YH CENTURY PLANTATION According to Claypole plantation lands were divided into several sections: cane fields, pastures lands, woodlands, provision grounds, work yards and living quarters for managers and labourers. Most plantations had from three to five cane fields, each surrounded by closely trimmed trees and walls made of lumber or stone wall to protect the crop from cattle. Each field was divided by narrow roads into smaller square plots of 6-9 hectares. This made it easier to manage the gangs that were cutting the cane and the movement to the work yard. According to Hamilton Wille the pastures lands were areas that was reserved for animals, mainly cattle, horses and mules ,and were extremely important. They provided manure for the cane fields and vegetable plots, and some could be even slaughtered to provide meat for supplement the diet of the estate population. The woodland provided lumber for the estate. Lumber was used for a various purposes such as the construction of buildings as well as fuel for the boilers and for cooking. Provisions grounds were unused lands and were generally cultivated on marginal lands, and were extremely important to both the planters and to the slaves. Caribbean history for cxc, Provisions grounds were poor lands on the plantation given to the slaves so that they may grow their own food, working the ground in whatever free time they were given and on Sundays. This was meant to decrease the cost...
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...Deforestation. 1. Is the expansion of farm land, the need for agriculture and the global demand for food has increased? The need for global commodities has driven large farmers to clear the Forrest at a massive rate. One of the largest commodities the demand has increased for is Palm Oil. This need for Palm oil is so great that it not only has destroyed acres of rain forest but this need is starting to such a strong effect that people families are becoming displaced. 2. Cattle ranchers are becoming a large driving factor of deforestation. The growth in human society is booming. Because of the population of the world there is less and less land for cattle to graze from. The ranchers in Brazil are responsible for” 75% of deforestation in Brazil is linked to the cattle industry, with the cattle herd in the Amazon growing by 140% from 1990 to 2003” http://knowledge.allianz.com/environment/climate_change/?665/The-top-10-drivers-of-deforestation 3. Logging and Timber is becoming as affluent as the drug trade and other black market activities. 80% of the logging in the worlds Rain Forrest is illegal. Due to the large demand for logging many of the countries authorities are taking bribes and letting greed over rule the law. 4. Mining is becoming a major factor in deforestation particularly in developing countries and contents. All though mining isn’t as big of a factor as three logging, cattle ranching and increase in farm land it does still have some harmful effects...
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...2014 Mahoning County Mahoning County is located in the northeast corner of Ohio on the Pennsylvania-Ohio border. Ohio is a diverse and thriving agricultural presence in the world today and is poised to stay that way for years to come. Mahoning County specifically is an urban agricultural zone encompassing the city of Youngstown, OH as well as other robust urban communities. In Mahoning County there are 578 farms, averaging 130 acres per farm. This is slightly lower than the state average of 185 acres per farm, but has increased from the 2007 census average of 111 acres per farm. The average age of the principle operator of a farm in Mahoning County is 58 years old of which 279 of the 578 of these operators listed farming as their primary occupation. This leaves 299 listing farming as their secondary occupation. (USDA, 2014). Most farmers are not “specialized” and produce more than one agriculture product. The total market value of all agricultural products sold is approximately $65 million which is up 45% from 2007. Average product sold per farm is $113,234, also up 45% from 2007. The leading agricultural products of Mahoning County listed by commodity group value of sales are grains, oilseeds, dry beans, and dry peas at approximately $23 million and milk from cows at $22.7 million. The top crop items of the county are: soybeans for beans at 15,556 acres, corn for grain at 14,422 acres, forage-land used for all hay and haylage, grass silage, and green chop...
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...THE SLAVE DRIVING FATHER It is true that being raised on a farm constitutes more responsibilities for children. They are expected to do different chores than city kids. There is a story that a boy from Iowa tells that makes a person ask if a line should be drawn where the work is concerned. How should a parent handle their expectations? This boy had a lot of resentment, and rightfully so. His dad woke him up every morning chanting the spelling of the word work. Starting at age six he was expected to jump up out of bed, find something to eat, put dirty stinking clothes on, and get to work in the pig barn. This little boy from Iowa wished that cleaning his room was all he had to complain about. That was not the case. He was expected to go into a filthy pig barn, and scoop up the feces of the animals. He had to wear unwashed clothing from the days before that hung outside in the cold. All he ever ate for breakfast was cold cereal that he had to fix himself. When he finished cleaning the barn he would take long showers to get the smell off of his skin, but it did not work. Not even industrial strength soap would remove the odor left on the skin from being in the pig barn. The father of this little boy never showed any compassion before, during, or after he worked so hard. A parent ought to be kind and loving toward their children, even while teaching them about the importance of responsibility. This little farm boy often felt sad, and even thought about hiding sometimes, because...
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...Not my Grandfather’s Farm Background Farming has forever been a part of the Schisler family. The farm was created by and has stayed alive to this day, through hard work, blood, sweat, and tears. Just outside of Astoria Illinois there is an old gravel road named Shaw/Schisler road. At the end of this road you will not find big fancy machinery, or state of the art buildings, you will not even find cable television. What you will find though is one of the last farms in the area that is still family owned and operated and one that has survived by using old-school farming techniques that have been passed down from one generation to the next. By no means is my family farm a big business or multi-million dollar agricultural enterprise, it is exactly what my great-great grandfather intended for it to be when he started it way back when, a family farm. Sadly I do not know how much longer I will be able to say that. The advancements in information systems and technology have made old school farming a thing of the past. No longer are farmers using almanacs or the fact that old Joe’s knees are hurting this year so it is going to be a harsh winter followed by a dry summer, which is bad news for the agriculture industry. With computers, phones, tablets, and many other electronic devices a farmer can stay up to date with soil trends, weather analysis, crop growth pattern, all while sitting on the front porch swing drinking cup of coffee. If it were up to me, I prefer the old ways...
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...In “Renewing Husbandry,” Wendell Berry argues against the industrialization of farming. He begins by explaining that it began with the invention of the tractor; when his farm first utilized the tractor he resented the mule plow that his father used. He saw the mule team as slow and ineffective, however, later he recognized their value in their slow caring pace of working the land, which he labels “husbandry.” He then claims that the economic growth of society has devalued farming and forced small farms to diminish while large farms flourish. He views that this shift of economic power creates a harmful blow to the quality of farming, he blames mechanization for the destruction of small farms. This ridicule of industrialized farming fails to understand that the renewal of husbandry begins with the individual. Berry believes that the mechanization of farming creates separation between the farmer and the land. Berry states, “Once one’s farm and one’s thoughts have been sufficiently mechanized, industrial agriculture’s focus on production, as opposed to...
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...It can be green by running on solar power and recycled rain water. It will reduce food waste because it is designed to grow enough for 1 person all year long. It can reduce waste from large scale farmers and grocery stores who feel they should throw out produce with an unappealing appearance. It will reduce the use of harmful pesticides and fertilizers. It will improve health by making fresh food more available to those who want it. On the flip side, using a robot to farm will take away jobs from farmers and can cause a lower work ethic by those who use robotics to do everything for...
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...CASE STUDY- JULIAN BEEVER BIO/ARTIST Julian Beever was born in Cheltenham in 1959. He grew up in Melton Mowbray and began pavement art as a form of busking. Beever’s current lifestyle is using his commission payment to fund his travels around the world and showcase his art. He has worked in places such as Belgium, France, Germany, Austria, Denmark, (etc.) BODY OF WORK Julian Beever is a commercial chalk artist that specialises in abstract techniques. His style of drawing is a form of illusion created with chalk, water and certain camera lenses to help make the illusion more prominent. Beever encourages interaction with his audience by asking them to help him draw or stand in the photo he takes of the art. INFLUENCES AND INTENTIONS The inspiration for Julian Beever’s chalk art originated from the “Punch and Judy Show” where he used to watch other chalk artists in the streets showcase their work. Beever has been travelling the world for over 20 years, presenting his own art to the local communities. He draws simply for the general public’s enjoyment and to earn money from his commission payment. Beever continues to amaze the art world with his anamorphosis technique and his ability to express his artistic talent freely on the pavement. He is not only an artist but also a writer and released a biography containing photographs of his work. TECHNIQUES Beever uses a projection technique that creates a 3D illusion on the concrete base he draws on. This technique is called anamorphosis...
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...With the changes that Masumoto has noted to happen within the agricultural industry, he has also listed adverse effects on small family farmers as a result of corporate farming. The most critical effect that he points out is a result of a belief that he has developed through farming. Masumoto values the belief of taking the time to relish in the little things of life, and is afraid of letting small things pass him by without him noticing them. This belief carries over into how he raises his crops, which is slowly to nurture the best taste. In regards to taste, Masumoto states, “If we’ve done our work correctly, it’s no longer about our fruits but rather the creation of a personalized story of flavor, a spirit of perfection that goes beyond our farm’s boundaries” (Wisdom Of The Last Farmer 210). With the development of corporate farming, however, this belief of savoring food has disappeared only to be replaced by fast-food detachment. Fast-food growing practices results in a generic line of produce, where aesthetics are pleasing, but taste could do with much work. Masumoto notes that “the loss of a diversity of fruit robs us of our sensory language, our elemental heritage and connection to the good earth” (Wisdom Of The Last Farmer 211). Yet, many of today’s generation grows without knowing the experience of the old variety of produce, leading Masumoto to state, “But without the memory of an experience, you have no sense of what you have lost - no sense experience at all, not...
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...Visual Analysis “Farm Journal” normally targets farmers because farmers are the ones that generally receive and read the magazine. This causes the ads in “Farm Journal” to be heavily agriculturally based. The company Ag Leader Technology that deals with the development of new technology that helps farmer’s jobs easier and more efficient created the ad that I choose to analysis. The name of the product that Ag Leader’s ad is for is called SeedCommand. The ad also explains what the SeedCommand does in text right below the tractor. The SeedCommand helps farmers manage the planting operations. SeedCommand helps to prevent overlapping seed, increase accuracy in seed spacing, automatic row shutoff, and advance seed monitoring. This ad from “Farm Journal” for SeedCommand forces the audience, mostly farmers, to view planting in whole new different light. With prices for high yielding seed not getting any cheaper, farmers cannot afford overlapping, inaccurate spacing, and misses when planting the expensive seed. The ad suggests that the SeedCommand could become the sidekick that helps the farmers saves the crop season and become the hero. It suggest this because the tractor and planter sit in what appears to be a dead and dried up field however with the sun setting in the background it seems to portray it as the thing that could come in and save the crop at the last minute. The tractor resembles a hot rod or high performance vehicle. This suggests that with SeedCommand the tractor...
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...Sarah Talley Farm Produce Submitted by Sudeshna Pande FT14273 Character profile of Sarah * CEO of Frey Farms (family owned business) * Began selling pumpkins at the age of 8 * Negotiated deals with retailers like Wal Mart who were entering the produce business * Has good business acumen to identify the trend in retail. Able to maintain amicable relationships with Wal Mart * Able to manage distributed produce operations * Passionate about the farm business * Go getter – Was able to secure the initial deal with Wal Mart extempore * Ambitious and ready to go after the big-fish * Recognized her company’s shortcoming in operations (to competitors) and her inexperience in business * Needed the Wal Mart contract for her business * She is on the weaker side of the negotiation table According to the case : * The business of watermelon * Seasonality – peak prices in May , June, early July (10-15 cents/pound) and off-season in July & August (4-5 cents/pound) * Adverse weather conditions and diseases seriously affect the produce of melons. * Watermelon prices are going up, but Wal Mart needed the prices to go down Recommendations (strategies ): * Fey Farm as a single entity has less power . But so do all the other competitors. Hence Sarah can building a coalition with all the melon producers in the region. * Emphasize on the fact that if Wal Mart wanted to satisfy its...
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...Typical Sugar Plantation LAYOUT OF A TYPICAL 18YH CENTURY PLANTATION According to Claypole plantation lands were divided into several sections: cane fields, pastures lands, woodlands, provision grounds, work yards and living quarters for managers and labourers. Most plantations had from three to five cane fields, each surrounded by closely trimmed trees and walls made of lumber or stone wall to protect the crop from cattle. Each field was divided by narrow roads into smaller square plots of 6-9 hectares. This made it easier to manage the gangs that were cutting the cane and the movement to the work yard. According to Hamilton Wille the pastures lands were areas that was reserved for animals, mainly cattle, horses and mules ,and were extremely important. They provided manure for the cane fields and vegetable plots, and some could be even slaughtered to provide meat for supplement the diet of the estate population. The woodland provided lumber for the estate. Lumber was used for a various purposes such as the construction of buildings as well as fuel for the boilers and for cooking. Provisions grounds were unused lands and were generally cultivated on marginal lands, and were extremely important to both the planters and to the slaves. Caribbean history for cxc, Provisions grounds were poor lands on the plantation given to the slaves so that they may grow their own food, working the ground in whatever free time they were given and on Sundays. This was...
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...Toulim Model David Buckley HU1440: Rhetoric in Contemporary Culture 07/28/2013 ITT Technical Institute Richard Kmetz Toulim Model The claim in this article is that there isn’t the need any more to teach kids farm Chores. The Qualifier for this article is that the need to teach children about farming chores has long since passed based upon the number of farms that are actually in existence today. The Grounds given by the author is that with the world as connected and diverse as it is the need to teach kids how to milk cows or complete farm chores has long since passed. The Warrant for this article is based upon generalizations. The only obvious Rebuttal in the article is the author’s statement that “Better that kids of today be taught about ring tones, A.T.M’s, cubicles, Best Buys and cup holders.” The Backing of this argument is provided by the author’s descriptions of shucking corn, gathering eggs, and milking a cow. Milking the cow is described as “archaic”. There is also a reference to a “creepy, oafish” guy named Joe who pretends to play a banjo while the others around him celebrate obsolete achievements. I didn’t find the article particularly convincing primarily because it was so one sided. The argument, to me, was weak because it did not provide facts. There were plenty of the author’s opinions, but those seemed not to be factually based. There just want any real evidence. It was all personal opinion of the author who seemed pre-disposed to her thoughts...
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...My family lived in New York City. We originally came to America from Germany. My parents, in church, heard that some of the other families in our church were moving west into Appalachia where they could have land, and some new opportunities. My father had been a farmer in Germany and liked that work more than working in a factory. Life here in Appalachia is much different than living in New York. We have a large amount of land and our closest neighbors are miles away. It is very hilly and very different from where we were living. Instead of working in a factory, my father farms, and we raise pigs. He says he farmed more land in Germany, but it was not hilly like here. My older brothers help him farm, while my younger sister and I feed the pigs, collect chestnuts and help our mother inside the house. It is nice to have so much more space, but I miss having friends to play with every day and stores, especially the ones that have toys and candy. Going to a store or even playing with other kids is now a special event, but we don’t mind. Unlike New York, my parents are not worried about crime and being robbed, but we do have to worry about wild animals. When we first arrived this was a bigger problem, but now, it is getting better. I think part of it is that we are adjusted, and part of it is that most families also hunt for food, and animals mostly stay clear. Now that we have been here a while and are growing up, we like it and look forward to starting our own families...
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...How did Lat Sukaabé Faal economically and militarily ensure his position as king? * The militarily way Before Lat Sukaabé Faal started to govern there was an unavoidable rule in Senegal that said that a person who wasn’t in a garmi family, in both sides. But only Lat Sukaabé Faal’s father was in a garmi family, but he became king thanks to his brother according to Jogomay Jeey when the the teen yassin died, all his kids competed to know who will be the one to access to the throne. During a short time Cembel one of them managed to be elected. Therefore his two others brothers attacked kim and killed him during the fight of Xarnana. After this event Lat Sukaabé Faal became king because Biram Kodu and Lat Kodu couldn’t reign because of their injuries. When he became king Lat Sukaabé benefited of a large quantity of guns because, first of all as Tanor Lat Sukaabé fall slipped out: Ce Ndela in 1935 perceived that guns would be an advantage for him to be powerful however they refused because of their doubt on his position and that they wanted to keep them in case if they would be a possible fight between the Senegalese and the French. But during the reign of Lat Sukaabé France being in a good position accepted and then furnished the kings in the north with guns to fight against the marabout’s army in 1673. In 1674 Nasir ad-Din the marabout’s leader died in battle. The army of Lat Sukaabé was in fact constituted of slaves. (Rokhaya fall...
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