...UNDERSTANDING THE ARYANS A roadmap for students and beginners Burjor Avari (Manchester Metropolitan University) It is a known fact of history that the British curiosity and interest in Indian cultures increased phenomenally after the East India Company came to acquire a territorial hold on Bengal from the late 1750s onwards. Their paramountcy over India’s millions depended upon their thorough understanding of the cultures of the sub-continent which required a mastery in its languages.[i] The small circle of dedicated and assiduous students of India’s languages included Sir William Jones, the eminent jurist and polymath who resided in India between 1783 and 1794.[ii] After studying Sanskrit for just under three years he observed, in 1786, that Sanskrit, Greek and Latin and Old Persian had all descended from an original speech. His observation has proved correct; and, since his time, most learned philological opinion has accepted that, in terms of language classifications, the common source of these tongues was what is now called proto-Indo-European. Its geographical focus was presumed to be the area around the Caspian Sea. It is also generally accepted that the eastern branch of the Indo-European family of languages is known as the Indo-Iranian whose first speakers called themselves Aryans. Whether the Aryans, speaking some variety of Indo-European languages, invaded or migrated into Iran and India from their original trans-Caspian homeland or had actually...
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...©Sachin Khandelwal Here is a Story about one of the greatest civilization that ever lived story. Our story.. The story of India India is the ancient land where wisdom made its home before it went to any other country. Here is the same India whose soil has been trodden by the feet of the greatest sages that ever lived. Here first sprang up inquiries into the internal world. Here first arose doctrines of Immortality of soul, the existence of supervising god, an imminent god in nature and in man itself. This is the land from where like the tidal waves, spirituality and philosophy have always rushed out and indulged the world. ©Sachin Khandelwal But do not forget!!! It is the same India which has withstood shocks of centuries, of hundreds of foreign invasions, hundreds of upheavals of manner and customs. The same land which stand firmer than any rock of the world with its undying vigour and indestructible life. Life of India is of the same nature as the soul, without beginning and without an end.. Immortal. And we are children of such a country. Our story began when our first race... “Aryans” came to India. And here is the story of Aryans describing why we are the way we are: Three mountains stand as a typical of progress. The Himalayas of Indo-Aryans, Sinai of Hebrew and Olympus of Greek civilizations. When Aryans reached India they found that the climate was so hot that they could not work longer physically. So they started to think, thus they became introspective and...
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...The purpose of this essay is to describe the role of Atman/Brahman and how they are related to one another in the Upanishads and then later re-appropriated in the Bhagavad Gita through the teaching of Krishna to Arjuna. Chapter ten in the Patterns of Religion textbook describe Hinduism as a religion of “many layers” on page 308. This analogy is further described on page 304 by likening Hinduism to a maze. “There is not a single straight line, but everything is connected.” The word Brahman is used in different context throughout the text. It is mentioned during the era of Vedism, when the Aryan migrants introduced the term for the pinnacle of the hierarchy in the caste system. An interesting note here is that rulers are placed below the Brahmans in the caste hierarchy. Later in Upanishads, Brahman is defined as “the One, which existed before the gods.” The Upanishads term atman as a distinguished self that is rebirthed throughout the journey through reincarnation. While reading the texts, I keep attempting to collaborate the information into theories that I am familiar with. The closest I am able to reach towards understanding is to liken atman to the soul, and the Atman/Brahman relationship to the path towards enlightenment and self-discovery. In the Bhagavad Gita, Lord Krishna altered the relationship of Atman/Brahman from what was traditionally taught and established. Krishna taught that there is a path to moksha for everyone regardless of birth, caste, or gender...
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...First hand information with Hindu person Reporter: Mrs Singh thank you, for agreeing to speak with me about your religion. Please tell me what is Hinduism? Mrs. Singh: Hinduism is a western term used to describe the assorted religions and cultural traditions stemming from the Vedas, the ancient Sanskrit writing of India. Reporter: Is this a new religion? Mrs. Singh: No. It may have started about five thousand years ago. It has no single founder. In fact it may have started with the arrival of the Aryans who invaded Northern India in the second millennium and introduced the Sanskrit language and the Vedas. Before you ask you next question, I would like to make an important point: Hinduism has no common set of beliefs and practices. But there are a number of philosophical concepts which are widely accepted and are usually passed down by spiritual teachers called Gurus. Reporter: I read somewhere that your religion and Sikhism were once the same. Is this true? Mrs. Singh: Sikhism was formed out of Hinduism. Some people did not like the way they were treated. You see the society was divided into many social classes with many poors. It was felt that Sikhism would take them out of suffering and bring them closer to God. The Sikhs also wanted to separate from the Hindus. They did not accept the Vedas as authority on religion. Reporter: My family is Christian. We use the Bible as our guide book and we believe in God the Father and Jesus the Son. What is your guide...
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...It is not surprising that there should be so much confusion and conflict over the issue of language. It is assumed that it is single problem with a unique solution. One group argues that English language owes its position to British imperialism and that it is inconsistent with national self-respect to continue to use it to the exclusion of our beautiful regional languages. A second group contents that, whatever the evils of British imperialism, English has helped Indian nationalism to achieve freedom; that it has been the vehicle of higher education, technology and scientific research and that it has been the invaluable link for forging the unity of India and any attempt to discard it will result in a breakdown of our educational system and take the country back by two centuries in all aspects of modern life A third group is convinced that as all regional languages of India arc well developed and have worth literatures, all of them should have equal status. There is a lot of confused thinking going on in India today over the problem of finding a universally acceptable link language for the country. The debate on the subject rages 'ad infinitum' in all available forums like the parliament, the press, the platform etc; but none of the many points of view being put forward every day appears to be gaining acceptance. That is so mainly because most of the thinking on the subject is super-charged with emotion and the issues involved have been greatly clouded by the import of prejudices...
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...“ How to Control Emotions ” This would give you guide on how to control your emotions towards your better half, friend, officemate and all of the people around you. The rules of practicing “ UGALING LANGIT, UGALING KAAYA-AYA ”. 1. Ang maunang magalit ang may karapatang magalit, pag naunahan ka ng galit nya tumahimik ka nalang muna. 2. Walang taong nag-aaway mag-isa, Pag hindi kayo sumagot o pumatol titigil din daw ang taong nakikipagaway sa inyo. 3. Ang taong galit “ BINGI ”, If someone is angry wala raw pinakikinggan so don’t try to explain and fight. Hindi ka nya iintindihin dahil wala siyang naririnig kundi ang sarili nya. 4. Ang taong galit “ ABNOY “, ayon sa pastor biblical daw ito, because the lord said when he crucified.. “Father patawarin mo sila dahil hindi nila alam ang kanilang ginagawa”. Modern term for this kind of people are abnoy. So you better not get angry para wag ka matawag na abnoy. You should know and realized that the person who make your day bad are jewel, because you need them for you to mature. Hanggat andyan daw sila at kinaiinisan mo ibig sabihin immature ka pa. God will not take away those people. It’s for you to take away your bad feelings towards them. You’ll know na mature ka na pag dumating na yung time na hindi ka na naiinis sa mga taong ito. Because you have learned to accept them and to have patience with them. 5. Finally the best part of this is to tell yourself na because of this person, I will grow mature, and that dahil sa contribution nya...
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...Sets Sail for India on December 16, 1896 on the Prince Regent Lutipold; 2: Had a close association with Ajit Singh-Raja of Khetri? Ans: Swami Vivekananda 7. Where in Andaman and Nicobar is India's only live volcano? Barren Island 8. Chalukyas had their capital at Vatapi now called Badami. Which district will it be in Karnataka? Ans: Bijapur 9. Who wrote the Panchatantra? Ans: Vishnusharma 10. The three wings of village panchayat are: Gram Sabha, Gram Panchayat and what? Ans: Nyaya Panchayat 11. In which city Gautama Buddha died at the age of 80? Ans: Kushinagar 12. The first municipal corporation was set up in 1688, in which Indian city? Ans: Madras 13. What is the literal meaning of 'Nataraj' in Sanskrit? Ans: Lord of Dance 14. Which is the oldest mountain range in India ? Ans: Aravallis. 15. INS Arihant is India's first what? Ans: Nuclear Submarine 16. Which monument in Delhi was designed by Fariburz Sahba ? Ans: Lotus temple 17. An explorer found a silver coin marked 7 BC. He was told it was a forgery. Why? The label BC only could have come into usage after 0 BC. 18. What day follows the day before yesterday if two days from now will be Sunday? Thursday 19. Bonnie’s father has five daughters but has no sons. Four of thedaughters are named...
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...Kamusta ka na? To be honest there's a lot of things that I wanted to tell you, share with you pero sa sobrang dami I don't know where to start. First of all I miss you! Palaging nagpla-play sa isip ko yung mga times na palagi tayong magkausap sa phone kahit inaabot na tayo ng umaga. Those times na palagi tayong magkasama, nagkwekwentuhan ng punong puno ng katatawanan, kulitan na parang magkaibigan lang, takutan na halos mapatay na kita, asaran kahit na minsan umaabot na sa pikunan! Away na umaabot sa iyakan pero isang akap, paghingi ng tawad at pagpapatawad lang ang katapat. Pero ang pinaka mahalaga yung pagmamahalan nating walang katulad. Hindi mo ba namimiss yun? Didn't you miss me? Kase ako I'm dying to see you and hug you tight so that you could feel how I really missed you! Kung pwede lang babatuhin kita ng bato ng may nakasulat na "I miss you" para malaman mo kung gano kasakit sa pakiramdam pag namimiss kita! Pero wala eh, kahit na gano kita ka miss, gaano ko kasabik na makita ka at maakap hindi na rin pwede! Wala na eh! Break na tayo! Wala nang dahilan para magkita pa tayo! Wala nang dahilan para magsama pa tayo! Sobrang layo mo na. You’re like a sun, hindi kita maabot, ni hindi kita kayang tignan ng deretso dahil nasasaktan ako! You know how much I love you. I did everything just to make you happy, even thou sometimes your happiness pains me a lot! Pero tiniis ko yung sakit, because I’m afraid to lose you! Kaya lang wala, nagsawa ka din. You leave me with a broken heart...
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...The Vedas, or “Books of Knowledge,” are the foremost sacred texts in Hinduism wrote by Braham. These books, written from around 1200 BCE to 100 CE contained the many values and practices of the religion and was widely used in the empire. A strong belief of Hinduism is the caste system which Zheng He supported. The population was broken down into 4 major social classes based on their role within the society. Among the higher classes were Brahmins (priests) they educated others about the religion and taught its practices. Kshatriyas were seen as the warriors. The lower classes were Vaisyas (farmers and merchants) and Sudras (laborers and servants). The wealthier upper class population had more say in government, rights, and better treatment than that of those in lower castes. Women among upper class who did not have to work in the fields bound their feet as men found this attractive and it became a symbol of beauty in their culture. Foot binding is a practice where girls usually around four or six years of age had their feet broken and forced into a pair of small shoes every so often they’d be replaced with another pair which was smaller than the last until they became the ideal length of 10cm. This practice continued and later became a problem among women that needed to work after the empires fall. The lower classes were given no respect and their treatment was poor for supplying the population with food. In return for their harvest often all they got was protection from the...
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...| | | | | | |RESUME | | | | | |Post Applied for : Lecture in Hindi | | ...
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...Hinduism The Beginning of Hinduism Hinduism is the oldest major religion. Making up 79 percent of the population of those are in India. Indian subcontinent is the beginning practice of Hinduism. Derived from a name applied by foreigners to the people living in the region of the Indus River and was introduced in the nineteenth century under Colonial British rule. Santana Dharma is the alternative label preferred today. Santana reference eternal or ageless and reflects the belief that these have always existed. Dharma means religion translated encompasses duty, natural law, ethics, and health. Dharma is the holistic approach to social coherence and the good of all. The scared scriptures of Hinduism consist of teachings contained in Vedas, Upanishads and the scared Bhagavad Gita. Krishna manifest in human form and thought of as an avatar. The wisdom of the ages percolated to the masses. Vedas spread the wisdom orally, because the written scriptures had not yet evolved. Mankind evolved as did the brain of human beings. Invoking wisdom directly from god almighty Vedas became competent. The Aryans forced to settle down in the region we call India today. Ramayana and Mahabharata are two scared epics forming part of Hinduism. Knowing the essence of life the inner truths and living the physical manifest life. Hinduism start was gained from the time humanity had a firm footing on the platform of spirituality. The teachings of Hinduism are universal in nature. The four...
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...What is Hinduism? It is the true culture of Indians in India. Many call it "A way of life." It is not an organized religion like Christianity or Islam. It has no founder. It has no Pope. It has no hierarchy. Just a lot of scriptures. In Hindu scriptures, you are actually studying about the history and culture of India, like in 66 books of the Holy Bible you are actually studying about the culture and history of the Jews. Hinduism and Judaism are mothers of all modern religions in the world. Buddhism, Sikhism and to some extent Jainism and Zoroastrianism came from Hinduism. Of course, Jainism existed during Rig Vedic Period. Statues of Rishabha, the first Thirthankara and founder of Jainism was found in the Mohenjadaro, Harappa excavations. Islam and Christianity came from Judaism. Judaism, Islam and Christianity have Abraham as the common father figure. All three have many common prophets. There is even mention about Jesus Christ many times in the Holy Koran. Coming back to Hinduism, C.S. Lewis, the great author and theologist wrote, finally it will come to two religions. Hinduism and Christianity. The first [Hinduism] will grow absorbing ideas and concepts from everywhere and later [Christianity] will keep away from everything that is foreign to it. What C.S. Lewis wrote is very true. Hinduism cannot be destroyed, even if we burn every Hindu scripture and kill every Hindu theologian on earth. Hinduism or Hindu Culture is a very dynamic living, breathing Reality. Strength of Hinduism...
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...Task 2: Hinduism – An Insider’s Perspective Hindu Worldview Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in India and accommodates approximately 80% of the population of India. Hinduism is a highly organized and disciplined religion with prayers sometimes exceeding five times a day. Hinduism is a way of life with the law that governs all action a Dharma. Unfortunately we are unable to trace its origin, there is not a central person to be found. Hinduism has its own beliefs, traditions, advanced system of ethics, meaningful rituals, philosophy and theology. Karma is the teaching that all our actions have the appropriate consequences. Ethically good actions result in desirable consequences and ethically bad actions result in undesirable consequences (Yadlapati, M. p.150). Karma isn’t only the physical action a person makes, but it also a person’s thoughts and desires that will affect the future. The Hindus goal is to get away from Samsara which is the cycle of birth, death and re-birth and to gain moksha which is the liberation from the limitations of space. Moksha transcends the karmic worldview in which one does good to achieve good and instead seeks to avoid accruing karma at all ( Yadlapati, M. p.151). To achieve moksha they have to release all evil doings and wrongs to get there. They live through their yoga and correcting living dharma. Once all this is achieved the Hindu will have a more desirable reincarnation. Dharma is the natural universal...
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...The Dhammapada, comes from the “Pali word Dhamma and the Pali and Sanskrit word, Pada (9). Dhamma corresponds to the Sanskrit Dharma, the first word of the Bhagavad Gita when the field of Dharma, the field of Truth, is mentioned” (Mascaro 9). The word Dhamma carries the meaning ‘to support, to remain’ and thus of “law, a moral law, a spiritual law of righteousness, and the eternal law of the Universal, Truth” and in Christianity, it corresponds to “the will of God” (Mascaro 9). The word Pada, means “foot, step, and thence has the meaning of a path” (Mascaro 9). Juan Mascaro writes, “Thus Dhammapada suggests the Path of Dhamma, the right path of life in which we make with our own footsteps, our own actions, and which leads us to the supreme Truth” (9). The Dhammapada, represents the path of Truth, the path of love, the path of light, the path of life, and the path of Nirvana or in Christian terms the path of God (9). The Dhammapada, to me represents verses that can be used as a guide for life. These could help build and teach morals and help create a foundation for a person’s individual life. Such topics as, contrary ways, the mind, the fool, good and evil, joy, forsake anger, and craving can help guide an individual through life. I do understand that these verses encompass the struggles towards Nirvana, which is the supreme goal for the Buddhist, and point out the narrow Path of Perfection that leads to it. These verses are probably mainly used by monks, but I see many...
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...Love in the Bhagvad Gita. In Hinduism, it is believed that the various major religions are alternate paths that will result in the same goal. In fact, within the religion itself, there are many sects with their own scriptures. Early on, the oldest and most sacred texts, the Vedas (meaning “knowledge”) declared Hinduism’s argument that “Truth (God) is one, wise men call Him by different names”. The Vedas were composed during the Vedic period (1500BC – 600BC). These texts are possibly the oldest documented literature available today. We will now review love in one of the most important Hindu scriptures, the Bhagavad Gita which was documented in the later Vedic period. This text comprises of 18 chapters and is translated literally as the “song of the beloved God” (Gita means song and Bhagavad means beloved God). Love is the primary theme in this text. In this scripture, God in the form of Krishna, speaks to his friend Arjuna on a battlefield in India. On a metaphorical level, it is suggested that when we overcome our inner struggles, we will be victorious in finding God. Topics include, loving God as well as God Himself, the soul and the goal of human existence; which in the Bhagavad Gita is to ultimately merge with God. Like any classic, the Bhagavad Gita is timeless and considered relevant even today. Many extraordinary individuals such as Gandhi and Einstein were inspired by its content. In Chapter 4, verse 11, of the Bhagavad Gita, it is stated that: However...
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