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Sarah

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Submitted By dheuqfb77
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Revue pour l’examen final SNC 1DF
Écologie :
Producteur :
Un producteur est un organisme qui fabrique son propre nourriture riche en énergie à partir de l’énergie du soleil.
Consommateur :
Un consommateur est un organisme vivant qui consomme d’autres organismes pour produire son énergie.
Décomposeurs :
Les décomposeurs sont des organismes qui dégradent les matières des organismes mortes. Ils « décompose » les matières mortes en éléments minéraux.
Les autotrophes :
Un autotrophes est un organisme qui est capable de former des substances nutritives organiques de substances inorganiques comme le dioxyde de carbone.
Les hétérotrophes :
Un hétérotrophes est un organisme qui dérive ses besoins nutritionnel de substances organique complexe.
Biotique :
Être vivants, ses restes et ses caractéristiques en relation a ses activités. (Ex : les nids)
Abiotique :
Élément non vivant, physique et chimique, d’un écosystème.
Niveau Alimentaire (trophique) :
Niveau occupe par un organisme dans un écosystème, d’après sa position dans la chaine alimentaire.
Énergie disponible pour les consommateurs du prochain niveau :
Les chaines alimentaires montrent le transfert d’énergie d’un écosystème. Tous les organismes consomment et libèrent de l’énergie dans leur environnement de manière continue. Il y a une pet d’énergie a chacun des niveaux.
Chaine alimentaire :
Série d’organismes qui se nourrissent chacun de suivant, montrant le transfert d’énergie d’un organisme a l’autre.
Réseau alimentaire :
Représentation des relations alimentaires au sein d’une communauté.
Pyramide de la biomasse :
La pyramide de la biomasse montre la masse totale des organismes de chaque niveau trophique. La biomasse est la masse des organismes vivant dans une région donnée.

Bioamplification :
Augmentation de la concentration d’une substance, par exemple un pesticide, à mesure qu’elle s’élevé dans la chaine alimentaire.
Capacité biotique :
Taille maximale de la population d’une espèce donnée qu’un écosystème peut soutenir.
Compétition :
Deux ou plus organismes qui luttent pour retenir une même source.
Facteurs dépendant :
Ce sont des facteurs qui augmentent de façon marquante lorsque la population augmente.
Facteur indépendant :
Facteurs qui affectent la densité.
Cycle de carbone :
La photosynthèse utilise le dioxyde de carbone afin de fabriquer les sucres et d’entreposer l’énergie. La respiration utilise les sucres et relâche l’énergie et le dioxyde de carbone. Le dioxyde de carbone est aussi relâcher lorsque tous les organismes décomposent. Si des organismes morts sont mis sous de grande pression pendant des millions d’années, le carbone n’est pas relâche et ces restes de carbone sont transformés en combustible fossile.

Cycle de l’azote :
Série de processus au cours desquels les composes de l’azote circulent entre l’environnement biotique et abiotique. Azote atmosphérique existe seulement en paire. Très difficile de briser les triples liassent entre les deux atomes d’azote.

Système clos :
Un écosystème qui ne réalise aucun échange de la matière à l’extérieur de lui-même.
Durabilité :
Capacité à maintenir un équilibre écologique.
Succession :
Ensemble des changements graduels et prévisibles dans la composition d’une communauté et des conditions abiotiques après un bouleversement.
Succession primaires :
Succession qui se produit sur un sol nouvellement exposé, come après une éruption volcanique.
Succession secondaire :
Succession qui se produit dans un écosystème partiellement perturbé, comme à la suite d’un feu de forêt.
Organisme pionniers :
Organisme qui était a une endroit en premier, ou avant les autres organismes.
Communauté climacique :
Communauté biologique des plantes et des animaux et de champignons qui, à travers le processus de la succession écologique du développement de la végétation dans une zone au fil du temps, avait atteint un état stable.

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