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Sars Research

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Submitted By Amberhh
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Research proposal: SARS Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Finding new drug targets
Part I: Disease
History and outbreak details:
SARS is a viral respiratory disease caused by a particular coronavirus first emerged on November 16 2002 in China. The coronavirus can cause a common cold in humans. The investigation of these viruses is hard, because culture in the lab is very difficult. There are a lot of various coronaviruses that affect poultry and animals, the economic effect of coronaviruses is big. A coronavirus consists of a viral spike (S) made of peplomers (grouping of glycoproteins), an envelope (E), an membrane (M) and a nucleocapsid (N). Source: Hilgenfeld, R., Peiris, J.S.M. From SARS to MERS: 10 years of research on highly pathogenic human coronaviruses. Antiviral Res. (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.08.015.
Virus discovery: It took the WHO 6 months to discover the causative agent of the disease. A quick identification of a new virus is important for prevention and control of a disease outbreak and can be accomplished by new strategys in virus discovery: New strategy for virus discovery: viruses identified in human feces in the last decades
Part II: Possible procedures
Receptor binding domain: The unique virus of SARS involves a receptor-binding domain on the spike (S) that play a role in the attachment of the virus to the cell receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Vaccines with proteins from the specific spikes are effective against SARS. The receptor binding domain (RBD) in the subunit 1 of the SARS-CoV spike protein is stated in recent literature as a very important target for developing a SARS vaccine. Source: Zhu X, Liu Q, Du L, Lu L, Jiang S. Receptor-binding domain as a target for developing severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccines. J Thorac Dis 2013;5(S2):S142-S148. doi: 10.3978/ j.issn.2072-1439.2013.06.06

SARS-Unique Domain (SUD) is only found in SARS-CoV and not in other coronaviruses. This may indicate a role for this domain in the high pathogenicity of SARS-CoV. It may be that SUD plays a role in control of the host cell response to the viral infection. Source: Tan J, Vonrhein C, Smart OS, Bricogne G, Bollati M, et al. (2009) The SARS-Unique Domain (SUD) of SARS Coronavirus Contains Two Macrodomains That Bind G-Quadruplexes. PLoS Pathog 5(5): e1000428. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000428

Part III: Procedure of choice
Part IV: Research proposal
Part V: Discussion

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