...Scaling Study Developing and conducting a survey is a very technical process. Any researcher that takes on a process like this must be careful to develop proper and appropriate questions for the survey to collect the most valid and reliable data. Conducting and presenting the survey is just as crucial as the creation of the questions. If either of these areas is neglected or not handled appropriately the entire research process is wasted. The purpose this paper is to critique a survey I created and issued to 10 random individuals. Included in the critique of this survey is a discussion of the reliability and validity of the survey and the results collected. Survey and Content The survey under review is a short eight questions developed to understand general health of individuals through diet and exercise. The survey was completed using two forms of questions. The first type question falls under the definition of a rating scale. “Rating scale is used when participants score an object or indicant without making a direct comparison to another object or attitude” (Cooper, Schindler, 2011, Ch. 12). Under these guidelines individuals were asked to answer questions pertaining to how often they exercise, how often they eat each day, and how often they eat fast food. These questions are created so there can be no comparisons made, but rather a numerical value selection. The second sets of questions are a version of ranking scale inquiries. “Ranking scales constrain...
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...Scaling Study RES/320 Dr. Jeffrey Putnam Scaling Study Developing and conducting a survey is a very technical process. Any researcher that takes on a process like this must be careful to develop proper and appropriate questions for the survey to collect the most valid and reliable data. Conducting and presenting the survey is just as crucial as the creation of the questions. If either of these areas is neglected or not handled appropriately the entire research process is wasted. The purpose this paper is to critique a survey I created and issued to 10 random individuals. Included in the critique of this survey is a discussion of the reliability and validity of the survey and the results collected. Survey and Content The survey under review is a short eight questions developed to understand general health of individuals through diet and exercise. The survey was completed using two forms of questions. The first type question falls under the definition of a rating scale. “Rating scale is used when participants score an object or indicant without making a direct comparison to another object or attitude” (Cooper, Schindler, 2011, Ch. 12). Under these guidelines individuals were asked to answer questions pertaining to how often they exercise, how often they eat each day, and how often they eat fast food. These questions are created so there can be no comparisons made, but rather a numerical value selection. The second sets of questions are a version of ranking scale inquiries...
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...Scaling Challenge #1: Passing the Hat AS a start-up, executives need to be prepared to wear more than one functional hat to be successful. As you scale, however, you must carefully oversee the process of passing those hats to new executives and managers that join the team. This looks easy on paper (just draw up the new org chart), but it can prove extremely challenging in practice. While it is easy to pass the hat in form, it may not be easy to pass the hat in substance when the on-boarding of the new hat owner is arduous, i.e., big learning curve, lots of important internal relationships, and so forth. As long as the old hat-owner offers greater knowledge and effectiveness in the relevant functional area, everyone in the organization will gravitate to her for decisions and support, regardless of what the new org chart says. The problem can be further exacerbated if the old hat owner isn’t all that willing to pass the hat in the first place or if the old hat owner is too willing and runs away from the responsibility faster than the new executive can get up to speed. Poor hat passing can result in confusion, frustration, conflict, executive turnover and ultimately poor business performance. Hat passing is tricky business that requires the buy-in all of all those affected, a solid foundation of respect between the two hat-passers, and a thoughtful approach to managing the transition. Without these fundamentals in place as you are scaling, you may find that you are dropping more...
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...SCALING TECHNIQUES AND IT’S IMPORTANCE Scaling describes the procedures of assigning numbers of various degrees of option, attitude and other concepts. This can be done in two ways viz, (i) making a judgment about some characteristic of an individual and then placing him directly on a scale that has been defined in terms of that characteristic and (ii) constructing questionnaires in such a way that the score of individual’s responses assigns him a place on a scale. It may be stated here that a scale is a continuum, consisting of the highest point (in terms of some characteristic e.g. preference, favourableness, etc) and the lowest point along with several intermediate points between these two extreme points. These scale point positions are so related to each other that when the first point happens to be the highest point, the second point indicates a higher degree in terms of a given characteristic as compared to the third point and the third point indicates a higher degree as compared to the forth and so on Scale classification base Scaling procedures may be broadly classified on one or more of the followings:- (1) Subject orientation (2) Response form (3) Degree of subjectivity (4) Scale properties (5) Number of dimension (6) Scale construction techniques Importance of scaling techniques We now take up some of the important scaling techniques often used in the context of research specially in context of social or business research. i. Rating scales:...
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...Power-Aware Linear Programming Based Scheduling For Heterogeneous Computer Clusters This paper presents power aware scheduling policy for Heterogeneous Clusters. In general, in performance optimization of computer clusters, energy consumption has been mostly neglected, which is an important factor. Reduction of energy consumption in computer cluster is a necessity because cooling equipment is not a good idea as electricity costs are growing at a faster rate. This policy provides significant energy savings. In this paper, it is also suggested that a power-aware policy for structured systems only requires knowledge of the ranking of machines with respect to their power efficiencies and structured systems are a special kind of heterogeneous systems that are common for cluster environments. II. WORKLOAD MODEL In this model a dedicated front end scheduler is used to assign incoming tasks to back end machine. If the number of machines be J and tasks are classified into i classes. Let α be the arrival matrix rate and the ith element of α isαi. Assuming tasks of class i reaches front end at αi. In this model, the expected task execution time is estimated by classifying the groups or classes with identical distribution. The policy considered here is an estimate on mean execution time rather than exact execution time. Let μi,jbe the execution rate for tasks of class i at machine j, hence 1/μi,jis the mean execution time for class i tasks at machine j. III. CURRENT POLICIES The...
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...Life Changes Scaling For The 1990s Introduction * In this experiment, the purpose of it is to reduce all the error samples that were made in the original experiment created by Rahe and Holmes * The original research happened 3 decades ago * Social Readjustment Rating Scale is the creation of the original scaling study compromised with the Schedule of Recent Experience from the first questionnaire that collected the recent changes a person went through information Method * Subjects: 427 volunteers were used to collect data to represent the 43 life changing events * 370 participants were also part of the data that was collected to represent the 44 later developed events * Arithmetic and geometric means were calculated in the second study consisting of 370 participants * Marriage was set to be the module Results * The regression line appeared to be linear, which meant that the LCU that was created in 1995 has increased similarly in magnitude since 1965 * LCU ratings by gender: 13 of the 87 events went passed the 99% confidence limit * The regression linear graph represents a linear correlation, which shows the slope of women’s LCU magnitude was average but greater than men by 17% * LCU ratings by age: when young was compared to middle aged about 4 events went passed the confidence limits * When middle age was compared with older subjects, then about 16 events went passed the confidence limits * When the...
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...IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL. 47, NO. 7, JULY 2012 1585 A 53-nW 9.1-ENOB 1-kS/s SAR ADC in 0.13- m CMOS for Medical Implant Devices Dai Zhang, Student Member, IEEE, Ameya Bhide, Student Member, IEEE, and Atila Alvandpour, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—This paper describes an ultra-low power SAR ADC for medical implant devices. To achieve the nano-watt range power consumption, an ultra-low power design strategy has been utilized, imposing maximum simplicity on the ADC architecture, low transistor count and matched capacitive DAC with a switching scheme which results in full-range sampling without switch bootstrapping and extra reset voltage. Furthermore, a dual-supply voltage scheme allows the SAR logic to operate at 0.4 V, reducing the overall power consumption of the ADC by 15% without any loss in performance. The ADC was fabricated in 0.13- m CMOS. In dual-supply mode (1.0 V for analog and 0.4 V for digital), the ADC consumes 53 nW at a sampling rate of 1 kS/s and achieves the ENOB of 9.1 bits. The leakage power constitutes 25% of the 53-nW total power. Index Terms—ADC, analog-to-digital conversion, leakage power consumption, low-power electronics, medical implant devices, successive approximation. I. INTRODUCTION EDICAL implant devices, such as pacemakers and implantable cardiac defibrillators, target increasingly advanced signal acquisition and signal processing systems. Such devices, which are to be implanted in the human body, require extremely low...
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...Scaling Study RES 320 April 14, 2014 Scaling Study Cell phone use has become more and more prevalent in the last 20 years anlong with the growing use of these devices, comes upgrades. What started off as a basic electronic brick whose sole function was sending and receiving calls has developed into aesthetically pleasing machines capable of, among other things, browsing the internet and taking pictures. The market for cell phones and especially smart phones is saturated with companies offering everything from better cameras to faster processing speeds. Competition between the different companies has become fierce with each offering different plans to try and attract as many customers as possible. The questionnaire will attempt to answer questions as why people have cell phones, what functions they like in their devices and whether cell phones become a problem in families and society. Cell Phone Questionnaire 1. Do you own a cell phone? Yes / No? Why or Why not? 2. If yes, is your cell phone a smart phone? Yes / No? Why or why not? 3. If yes, is your phone an IPhone or Android? Why did you pick that type of cell phone? 4. How satisfied are you with your phone? A. Very Satisfied B. Satisfied C. Indifferent D. Dissatisfied E. Very Dissatisfied 5. When your contract is up, do you plan on staying with the same phone? Yes / No? Why or why not? 6. Do you feel a cell phone has made your life easier? Yes /...
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...Report No. - IN INDIA Scaling-up Access to Finance for India’s Rural Poor September 6, 2004 FINANCE AND PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT UNIT South Asia Region Document of the World Bank TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I. INTRODUCTION 2 India’s Rural Finance Landscape 4 What are the financial needs of the rural poor? 4 Rural finance service providers 5 II. ACCESS TO RURAL FINANCE IN INDIA: THE EVIDENCE 8 Supply Side Indicators of Access to Finance 8 Access to Rural Finance: Evidence from the Demand Side 12 Access to savings/deposit accounts 14 Payments Services – Limited use, high cash economy 15 Access to Credit 15 Access to Insurance 17 The Importance of Informal Finance 17 III. WHAT CONSTRAINS ACCESS TO FINANCE FOR INDIA’S RURAL POOR? 19 Why Banks Are Reluctant To Lend to Rural Clients 19 Lack of credit information. 20 The tyranny of collateral 20 Weak legal framework and enforcement issues. 21 Government policy 21 Why Do Small, Rural Borrowers Find Rural Banks Unattractive? 26 Absence of flexible products and services 26 Transactions costs 26 Collateral 27 IV. RECENT EFFORTS IN INDIA TO IMPROVE RURAL ACCESS TO FINANCE: THE ROLE OF FORMAL—INFORMAL LINKAGES AND NEW PRODUCTS 28 SHG-bank Linkage Approach: Linking Commercial Banks to Grassroots Borrowers 28 How Effective Has SHG Bank Linkage Been in Targeting the Poor? 30 Impact on vulnerability of poor households...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Background Of the Study In mathematics, optimization problem is a problem where it consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choose an input values within an allowed set and compute the value of the function. An additional, it also means solve the problem so that we can the goal as quickly as possible without wasting a lot of resources. Optimization also can be deviating from a target by the smallest possible margin. Generally, a large area of applied mathematics is comprised by the optimization theory and techniques to other formulations. In the simple case, optimization is like finding a good value or a best available value of some problems given a defined domain, including a many of different types of objectives functions and different types of domains. In vector calculus, the gradient of a scalar field is a vector field that points in the direction of the scalar field, and whose the magnitude is that rate of increase. The variation in space of any quantity can be represented by a slope in simple terms. The gradient is like represents the steepness and the direction of the slope. The gradient or gradient of a scalar function f〖:R〗^n→R^1 is denoted by ∇f or ∇ ⃗f where ∇ denotes the vector of the differential operator. Hessian matrix was developed in the 19th century by the German mathematician Ludwig Otto Hesse and this matrix is later named after him. Hessian matrix is the matrix of second derivatives...
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...You are the manager of the sales department for XYZ Company and have been in your position for the past 5 years. As part of your managing duties; you monitor the department e-mail system and receive 'alerts' when any e-mail contains inappropriate 'buzz words.' You just received an 'alert' that your top-performing sales employee (Pat) received an email from a friend (Terry) outside of the company. After reviewing the email, Pat is planning on spending the weekend at Terry's property and it appears they will be partaking in drug usage. *or* it is apparent that Pat spent the weekend at Terry's property and they both partook in drug usage. Terry's property resides in a bordering state where this type of drug usage is legal according to the state law. You, Pat, and your company reside in a state where this type of drug usage is not legal. Your company has a strong grapevine throughout the departments and you are fairly certain that employees will 'hear' about Pat's weekend early in the week. Your company also has a 'Zero-Tolerance' drug policy and managers are encouraged to perform drug tests upon discretion/assumption. You and Pat have worked together for 10 years and are both aware of the company policy, where a positive drug test can result in termination. You are fairly confident Pat will fail a drug test. What do you do? Takeaways: You are now fully aware of Pat's drug usage Pat is your top sales-person and has been first in sales the past 3 years Ethical Issues: Company...
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...metabolic scaling exponent for mammals and many other species is usually .75. Over the years many different studies have been done finding different scaling exponents. Although almost every scaling exponent for resting metabolic rate found if from .6-.8. The scaling exponent of .75 has ben shown in homeotherms by the physiological flow rates varying with body mass (F.P. Zanotto, 2004). Significant heterogeneity...
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...Protocol Length Info TLSv1 90 Application Data Frame 3: 90 bytes on wire (720 bits), 90 bytes captured (720 bits) Ethernet II, Src: Toshiba_ef:70:26 (e8:9d:87:ef:70:26), Dst: Cisco_17:a6:c5 (00:1c:b0:17:a6:c5) Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 192.168.1.125 (192.168.1.125), Dst: 173.194.67.109 (173.194.67.10 Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 17396 (17396), Dst Port: imaps (993), Seq: 1, Ack: 1, Len: Source port: 17396 (17396) Destination port: imaps (993) [Stream index: 1] Sequence number: 1 (relative sequence number) [Next sequence number: 37 (relative sequence number)] Acknowledgement number: 1 (relative ack number) Header length: 20 bytes Flags: 0x18 (PSH, ACK) Window size value: 65425 [Calculated window size: 65425] [Window size scaling factor: -1 (unknown)] Checksum: 0x5455 [validation disabled] [SEQ/ACK analysis] Secure Sockets Layer No. Time 4 0.060952 Source 173.194.67.109 Destination 192.168.1.125 Protocol Length Info TLSv1 114 Application Data Frame 4: 114 bytes on wire (912 bits), 114...
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...blue print shall be presented first to the company’s Board of Architects. The product is therefore a blue print for the proposed bridge and will be evaluated according to the following: clear and logical explanation of the paper, accuracy of computations and scaling, and usefulness of diagrams and models Rubric: Criteria | Beginning | Developing | Accomplished | Exemplary | Score | Score | 0-1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | | 1. Clear and Logical explanation | The oral presentation was not clear but the sequence is not logical; some essential questions regarding the blue print were answered. | The oral presentation was clear but the sequence is not logical; some essential questions regarding the blue print were answered. | The oral presentation was clear and logical in sequence; essential questions regarding the blue print were answered. | The oral presentation was clear and logical in sequence; all questions regarding the blue print were answered. | | 2. Accuracy | Presented details and scaling of the bridge were incorrect and inaccurate. | Some presented details and scaling of the bridge were correct and accurate. | All presented details and scaling of the bridge were correct and accurate. | All presented details and scaling of the bridge were correct and accurate. All possible solutions...
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...Chapter 10: Multidimensional Scaling Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a series of techniques that helps the analyst to identify key dimensions underlying respondents’ evaluations of objects. It is often used in Marketing to identify key dimensions underlying customer evaluations of products, services or companies. Once the data is in hand, multidimensional scaling can help determine: • what dimensions respondents use when evaluating objects • how many dimensions they may use in a particular situation • the relative importance of each dimension, and • how the objects are related perceptually The purpose of MDS is to transform consumer judgments of similarity or preference (eg. preference for stores or brands) into distances represented in multidimensional space. The resulting perceptual maps show the relative positioning of all objects. Multidimensional scaling is based on the comparison of objects. Any object (product, service, image, etc.) can be thought of as having both perceived and objective dimensions. For example, a firm may see their new model of lawnmower as having two color options (red versus green) and a 24-inch blade. These are the objective dimensions. Customers may or may not see these attributes. Customers may also perceive the lawnmower as expensive-looking or fragile, and these are the perceived dimensions. • The dimensions perceived by customers may not coincide with (or even include) the objective dimensions assumed by the researcher...
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