...School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom, 3 Department of Anthropology, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria Abstract Cross-culturally, fragrances are used to modulate body odor, but the psychology of fragrance choice has been largely overlooked. The prevalent view is that fragrances mask an individual’s body odor and improve its pleasantness. In two experiments, we found positive effects of perfume on body odor perception. Importantly, however, this was modulated by significant interactions with individual odor donors. Fragrances thus appear to interact with body odor, creating an individually-specific odor mixture. In a third experiment, the odor mixture of an individual’s body odor and their preferred perfume was perceived as more pleasant than a blend of the same body odor with a randomly-allocated perfume, even when there was no difference in pleasantness between the perfumes. This indicates that fragrance use extends beyond simple masking effects and that people choose perfumes that interact well with their own odor. Our results provide an explanation for the highly individual nature of perfume choice. ´ ´ Citation: Lenochova P, Vohnoutova P, Roberts SC, Oberzaucher E, Grammer K, et al. (2012) Psychology of Fragrance Use: Perception of Individual Odor and Perfume Blends Reveals a Mechanism for Idiosyncratic Effects on Fragrance Choice. PLoS ONE 7(3): e33810. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033810 Editor: Hiroaki Matsunami, Duke University...
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...Annals of Internal Medicine Clinical Guidelines Screening Mammography in Women 40 to 49 Years of Age: A Systematic Review for the American College of Physicians Katrina Armstrong, MD, MSCE; Elizabeth Moye, BA; Sankey Williams, MD; Jesse A. Berlin, ScD; and Eileen E. Reynolds, MD Background: The risks and benefits of mammography screening among women 40 to 49 years of age remain an important issue for clinical practice. Purpose: To evaluate the evidence about the risks and benefits of mammography screening for women 40 to 49 years of age. Data Sources: English-language publications in MEDLINE (1966 – 2005), Pre-MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and references of selected studies through May 2005. Study Selection: Previous systematic reviews; randomized, controlled trials; and observational studies. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers. Data Synthesis: In addition to publications from the original mammography trials, 117 studies were included in the review. Metaanalyses of randomized, controlled trials demonstrate a 7% to 23% reduction in breast cancer mortality rates with screening mammography in women 40 to 49 years of age. Screening mammography is associated with an increased risk for mastectomy but a decreased risk for adjuvant chemotherapy and hormone therapy. The risk for death due to breast cancer from the radiation exposure involved in mammography screening is small and is outweighed by a reduction in breast cancer mortality...
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...supply_chain_strategy All questions are compulsory CASE I LAUNCHING CPFR AT TEXAN FOODS: IMPROVING INVENTORY REPLENISHMENT WITH COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITIES AND TECHNOLOGIES Introduction Angela Preston sank back into the cushy leather chair in the Captain’s Club at LAX, and rubbed her eyes. She and her supervisor, Gordon Ross, had flown halfway across the country to Fresno to meet with representatives from a key supplier, Valley Bakers, to review the outcomes of their 180-day CPFR pilot program. When her drink arrived she hardly touched it,except to stir it nervously, until Gordon returned from the ticket counter. When she had agreedto accept the promotion to Category Director last year, she had no idea that the pressures ofthis job would be so enduring. The last six months had seemed like one long, dull headache. Since the initiation of the CPFR pilot program, it seemed that Valley, their supplier, had been making all the demands in this relationship. Wasn’t the customer supposed to be the one who was always right? Gordon eased into the chair next to her and immediately noticed the weary, pained look on her face. As Vice President of Supply Chain Operations for Texan Foods for the last 9 years, he had learned a lot about dealing with employee and customer frustrations. The CPFR pilot with Valley had tested his resolve as well. Valley’s CPFR team was unhappy with the small performance gains – and the occasional significant losses – that the program...
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...CASE I supply_chain_strategy LAUNCHING CPFR AT TEXAN FOODS: IMPROVING INVENTORY REPLENISHMENT WITH COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITIES AND TECHNOLOGIES Introduction Angela Preston sank back into the cushy leather chair in the Captain’s Club at LAX, and rubbed her eyes. She and her supervisor, Gordon Ross, had flown halfway across the country to Fresno to meet with representatives from a key supplier, Valley Bakers, to review the outcomes of their 180-day CPFR pilot program. When her drink arrived she hardly touched it,except to stir it nervously, until Gordon returned from the ticket counter. When she had agreedto accept the promotion to Category Director last year, she had no idea that the pressures ofthis job would be so enduring. The last six months had seemed like one long, dull headache. Since the initiation of the CPFR pilot program, it seemed that Valley, their supplier, had been making all the demands in this relationship. Wasn’t the customer supposed to be the one who was always right? Gordon eased into the chair next to her and immediately noticed the weary, pained look on her face. As Vice President of Supply Chain Operations for Texan Foods for the last 9 years, he had learned a lot about dealing with employee and customer frustrations. The CPFR pilot with Valley had tested his resolve as well. Valley’s CPFR team was unhappy with the small performance gains – and the occasional significant losses – that the program had delivered for the 34 SKUs that...
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...service providers, as well as for teaching purposes. Citation: The following citation should be used when referring to the entire document. Specific chapter citations are noted at the beginning of each chapter. Stewart, D.E., Robertson, E., Dennis, C-L., Grace, S.L., & Wallington, T. (2003). Postpartum depression: Literature review of risk factors and interventions. POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION: LITERATURE REVIEW OF RISK FACTORS AND INTERVENTIONS Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 OVERALL METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK 5 CHAPTER 1: RISK FACTORS FOR POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION 9 Emma Robertson PhD, Nalan Celasun PhD, Donna E. Stewart MD FRCPC CHAPTER 2: DETECTION, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION 71 Cindy-Lee Dennis RN PhD CHAPTER 3: THE EFFECT OF POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION ON THE MOTHER-INFANT RELATIONSHIP AND CHILD GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 197 Sherry L. Grace PhD, Stephanie Sansom MA CHAPTER 4: PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS AND...
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...Secure Data Sharing in the Cloud Danan Thilakanathan, Shiping Chen, Surya Nepal and Rafael A. Calvo 1 Introduction Cloud systems [1, 2] can be used to enable data sharing capabilities and this can provide an abundant of benefits to the user. There is currently a push for IT organisations to increase their data sharing efforts. According to a survey by InformationWeek [3], nearly all organisations shared their data somehow with 74 % sharing their data with customers and 64 % sharing with suppliers. A fourth of the surveyed organisations consider data sharing a top priority. The benefits organisations can gain from data sharing is higher productivity. With multiple users from different organisations contributing to data in the Cloud, the time and cost will be much less compared to having to manually exchange data and hence creating a clutter of redundant and possibly out-of-date documents. With social networking services such as Facebook, the benefits of sharing data are numerous [4] such as the ability to share photos, videos, information and events, creates a sense of enhanced enjoyment in one’s life and can enrich the lives of some people as they are amazed at how many people are interested in their life and well-being. For students and group-related projects, there has been a major importance for group collaborative tools [5]. Google Docs provides data sharing capabilities as groups of students or teams working on a project can share documents and can collaborate...
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...Courtesy of L E K A R SPECIAL EDITION Authors: Marino, Paul L. Title: ICU Book, The, 3rd Edition Copyright ©2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN: 0-7817-4802-X Authors Dedication Quote Preface to Third Edition Preface to First Edition Acknowledgments Table of Contents Section I - Basic Science Review Basic Science Review Chapter 1 - Circulatory Blood Flow Chapter 2 - Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport Section II - Preventive Practices in the Critically Ill Preventive Practices in the Critically Ill Chapter 3 - Infection Control in the ICU Chapter 4 - Alimentary Prophylaxis Chapter 5 - Venous Thromboembolism Section III - Vascular Access Vascular Access Chapter 6 - Establishing Venous Access Chapter 7 - The Indwelling Vascular Catheter Section IV - Hemodynamic Monitoring Hemodynamic Monitoring Chapter 8 - Arterial Blood Pressure Chapter 9 - The Pulmonary Artery Catheter Chapter 10 - Central Venous Pressure and Wedge Pressure Chapter 11 - Tissue Oxygenation Section V - Disorders of Circulatory Flow Disorders of Circulatory Flow Chapter 12 - Hemorrhage and Hypovolemia Chapter 13 - Colloid and Crystalloid Resuscitation Chapter 14 - Acute Heart Failure Syndromes Chapter 15 - Cardiac Arrest Chapter 16 - Hemodynamic Drug Infusions Section VI - Critical Care Cardiology Critical Care Cardiology Chapter 17 - Early Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes Chapter 18 - Tachyarrhythmias Section VII - Acute Respiratory Failure Acute Respiratory Failure Chapter 19 - Hypoxemia...
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...TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND SIX SIGMA Edited by Tauseef Aized Total Quality Management and Six Sigma http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/2559 Edited by Tauseef Aized Contributors Aleksandar Vujovic, Zdravko Krivokapic, Jelena Jovanovic, Svante Lifvergren, Bo Bergman, Adela-Eliza Dumitrascu, Anisor Nedelcu, Erika Alves dos Santos, Mithat Zeydan, Gülhan Toğa, Johnson Olabode Adeoti, Andrey Kostogryzov, George Nistratov, Andrey Nistratov, Vidoje Moracanin, Ching-Chow Yang, Ayon Chakraborty, Kay Chuan Tan, Graham Cartwright, John Oakland Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained...
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...to McGraw-Hill for publication by the instructor of this course. The instructor is solely responsible for the editorial content of such materials. Instructors retain copyright of these additional materials. ISBN-10: 1121789048 ISBN-13: 9781121789043 McGraw-Hill Create™ Review Copy for Instructor Espinoza. Not for distribution. Contents 1. Preface 1 2. Methods, Standards, and Work Design: Introduction 7 Problem-Solving Tools 27 3. Tex 29 4. Operation Analysis 79 5. Manual Work Design 133 6. Workplace, Equipment, and Tool Design 185 7. Work Environment Design 239 8. Design of Cognitive Work 281 9. Workplace and Systems Safety 327 10. Proposed Method Implementation 379 11. Time Study 413 12. Performance Rating and Allowances 447 13. Standard Data and Formulas 485 14. Predetermined Time Systems 507 15. Work Sampling 553 16. Indirect and Expense Labor Standards 585 17. Standards Follow-Up and Uses 611 18. Wage Payment 631 19. Training and Other Management Practices 655 20. Appendix 1: Glossary 685 21. Appendix 2: Helpful Formulas 704 22. Appendix 3: Special Tables 706 23. Index 719 iii McGraw-Hill Create™ Review Copy for Instructor Espinoza. Not for distribution. Credits 1. Preface:...
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...Media History Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.5 1.1.6 1.1.7 1.1.8 1.1.9 Issues with definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forms of mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professions involving mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Influence and sociology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethical issues and criticism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 2 6 6 7 8 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 19 20 21 21 21 1.1.10 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.11 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.12 Further reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.13 External links . . . . . . . . ....
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...i Computational Complexity: A Modern Approach Draft of a book: Dated January 2007 Comments welcome! Sanjeev Arora and Boaz Barak Princeton University complexitybook@gmail.com Not to be reproduced or distributed without the authors’ permission This is an Internet draft. Some chapters are more finished than others. References and attributions are very preliminary and we apologize in advance for any omissions (but hope you will nevertheless point them out to us). Please send us bugs, typos, missing references or general comments to complexitybook@gmail.com — Thank You!! DRAFT ii DRAFT About this book Computational complexity theory has developed rapidly in the past three decades. The list of surprising and fundamental results proved since 1990 alone could fill a book: these include new probabilistic definitions of classical complexity classes (IP = PSPACE and the PCP Theorems) and their implications for the field of approximation algorithms; Shor’s algorithm to factor integers using a quantum computer; an understanding of why current approaches to the famous P versus NP will not be successful; a theory of derandomization and pseudorandomness based upon computational hardness; and beautiful constructions of pseudorandom objects such as extractors and expanders. This book aims to describe such recent achievements of complexity theory in the context of the classical results. It is intended to both serve as a textbook as a reference for self-study. This means...
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