...Composition 1 April, 11th 2013 Genetic Engineering Tentative Thesis: Even though altering DNA can lead to such horrifying events as genocide or viral diseases, genetic engineering is an important scientific breakthrough because by altering DNA, we can cure many diseases and solve many of mankind's problems. 1. History of Genetic Engineering A. What Led to the need for genetic engineering a. Prehistoric Times-1900 B. Gregor Mandel b. European botanist genetically altering plants 2. Modern Genetic Engineering C. DNA c. Watson & Krick 1. discover DNA a. How it affected science d. Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen 2. recombinant DNA D. Government e. Supreme Court 3. Diamond v. Chakrabarty f. FDA 4. Approval of genetic engineered food 5. Field Testing b. Tobacco c. Tomatoes g. International Bio-safety Protocol E. Advancements & Achievements h. Technology i. Disease curing j. World Hunger 3. Ethical Issues F. Religious k. Are we playing God? G. Environmental l. What’re the long term environmental effects H. Bio Ethics m. What if we make something we can’t control n. Is it possible the technology may be used to create slaves? o. When does...
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...Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw (born 23 March 1953) is an Indian entrepreneur. She is the chairman & managing director of Biocon Limited a biotechnology company based in Bangalore (Bengaluru), India. ------------------------------------------------- Profile Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw completed her schooling from the city’s Bishop Cotton Girl's High School (1968). She wanted to join medical school but instead took up biology and completed her BSc Zoology Honours course from Mount Carmel College, Bangalore University (1973). She later did her post-graduation as a brewmaster in Malting and Brewing from Ballarat College, Melbourne University (1975). She worked as a trainee brewer in Carlton and United Breweries, Melbourne and as a trainee maltster at Barrett Brothers and Burston, Australia. She also worked for some time as a technical consultant at Jupiter Breweries Limited, Calcutta and as a technical manager at Standard Maltings Corporation, Baroda between 1975 and 1977. She started Biocon in 1978 and spearheaded its evolution from an industrial enzymes manufacturing company to a fully integrated bio-pharmaceutical company with a well-balanced business portfolio of products and a research focus on diabetes, oncology and auto-immune diseases. She also established two subsidiaries: Syngene (1994) to provide development support services as an outsourcing firm for discovery research and Clinigene (2000) to cater to clinical development services. Her pioneering work in the sector has earned...
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...Biology Article Isaac Ayers Professor Carol Hoban SCI115012VA016-1136-001 Introduction to Biology August 2, 2013 * The title of the article that I have chosen for this assignment is “The Era of Memory Engineering Has Arrived”. The article begins by explaining a basic plot of a sci-fi movie in which the main character has had his memories altered by scientists using electrode caps. The article then goes into detail about how a new set of experiments, led by MIT neuroscientists Steve Ramirez and Xu Liu in Susumu Tonegawa’s lab, shows that by using a stunning set of molecular neuroscience techniques. Scientists have captured specific memories in mice, altered them, and shown that the mice behave in accord with these new, false, implanted memories. The scientists needed a way of labeling neurons that were active during a specific experience, and a switch to make them work. It has been found that by using by using the molecule Channelrhodopsin, in already genetically modified mice. Scientists could see recent events that had been recorded to specific brain cells in those mice (Castro 2013). The article then states how with the use of doxycycline, the scientists were able to turn off the labeling or recording process of the experiment. This is important because the scientists were able to label memories in specific times and places. Once the scientists had labeled a memory to the mice, and were able to re-awaken that memory by using light that was shone...
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...Bioremediation is the use of microorganism metabolism to remove pollutants. Technologies can be generally classified as in situ or ex situ. In situ bioremediation involves treating the contaminated material at the site, while ex situ involves the removal of the contaminated material to be treated elsewhere. Some examples of bioremediation technologies are phytoremediation, bioventing, bioleaching, landfarming, bioreactor, composting, bioaugmentation, rhizofiltration, and biostimulation. Bioremediation can occur on its own (natural attenuation or intrinsic bioremediation) or can be spurred on via the addition of fertilizers to increase the bioavailability within the medium (biostimulation). Recent advancements have also proven successful via the addition of matched microbe strains to the medium to enhance the resident microbe population's ability to break down contaminants. Microorganisms used to perform the function of bioremediation are known as bioremediators.[1] Not all contaminants, however, are easily treated by bioremediation using microorganisms. For example, heavy metals such as cadmium and lead are not readily absorbed or captured by organisms. The assimilation of metals such as mercury into the food chain may worsen matters. Phytoremediation is useful in these circumstances because natural plants or transgenic plants are able to bioaccumulate these toxins in their above-ground parts, which are then harvested for removal.[2] The heavy metals in the harvested biomass...
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...Pfizer – Wyeth Acquisition Abstract The board of Pfizer, the world’s largest drug maker, has agreed to acquire a long-time rival, Wyeth, for $68 billion. The Pfizer-Wyeth merger will create a prescription pharmaceutical company of extraordinary scale. Despite long-term patent and marketing challenges, most industry observers believe Pfizer has little choice but to engage in some type of major acquisition, especially given the recent loss of income on Lipitor. Pfizer needs to reassure its investors that it can get back on track. With having to freeze its dividends, hundreds of layoffs, and stock prices falling, it is imperative to convince the stakeholders that Pfizer will come out of this economic dilemma on top. The acquisition with Wyeth will reduce Pfizer’s negative sales outlook; however, there is only one route to delivering profit growth to investors, and that is by buying growth and cutting costs. Pfizer has announced that it expects to create savings of $4 billion by the third year after closing the acquisition. This is in part due to the 15% reduction in Pfizer-Wyeth’s combined workforce. After the merger, Pfizer will operate through a patient-centric business units in two major areas, biopharmaceuticals and diversified businesses. Its biopharmaceutical business units are emerging markets Where as Pfizer currently has one of the largest sales forces in the industry, Wyeth’s antibiotics and specialty drugs will not require a lot of marketing to consumers...
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...[pic] Biocon – India’s Own home grown Biotech Company Prepared by: Zepheny Ferrow Roll no: 2213 MBA Eve – II Subject: Seminar Course on ETHICS Guide: M/s DIKSAH SISODIA Index |Title |Page No. | |Abstract | | |Brief Introduction | | |Ethical Issues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Abstract The paper discusses the evolution and growth of Biocon in recent years. It focuses on the Alternative business models key...
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...(Cover Page) “PROJECT ON “SUCCESS STORY OF AN ENTREPRENEUR – KIRAN MAZUMDAR” Master of Commerce Semester – III (2014-2015) Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements For the award of degree of M.Com By Arati Sachidanand Mishra Seat No. _86_ Tolani College of Commerce Sher – E – Punjab society, Andheri (East), Mumbai – 400 093. PROJECT ON “SUCCESS STORY OF AN ENTREPRENEUR – KIRAN MAZUMDAR” Master of Commerce Semester – III (2014-2015) Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements For the award of degree of M.Com By Arati Sachidanand Mishra Seat No. _86_ Tolani College of Commerce Sher – E – Punjab society, Andheri (East), Mumbai – 400 093. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Arati Sachidanand Mishra of M.Com. Semester III (2014–2015) has successfully completed the project on “Success Story of an Entrepreneur- Kiran Mazumdar” under the guidance of Prof. Mahalaxmi Ramaprasad. Project Guide: - ___________________ Course Co-Ordinator: - ___________________ External Examiner: - ___________________ Principal: - ___________________ DECLARATION I, Arati Sachidanand Mishra the student of M.Com.Semester III (2014-2015) hereby declare that I have completed the project on “Success Story of an Entrepreneur- Kiran Mazumdar” in the course (Entrepreneurship Management). The information submitted is true and original to the...
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...1. Introduction: Enzymes such as amylases, cellulases, xylanases and proteases are widely used in the industry for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, foods, beverages and confectioneries as well as in textile and leather processing, and wastewater treatment. The potential applications of amylases, cellulases, xylanases and proteases in biotechnology have already been reviewed. The majority of the enzymes used in the industry are of microbial origin because microbial enzymes are relatively more stable than the corresponding enzymes derived from plants and animals. With the recent advent of biotechnology, there has been a growing interest and demand for enzymes with novel properties. Considerable efforts have been devoted to the selection of...
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...NAME: ROLL NO: Section: CASE STUDY- GENETICALLY ENGINEERED CROPS: The growing of genetically engineered (GE) crops is something that Greenpeace has long opposed, due to the risks posed to both human health and the environment, and unwanted contamination of our food due to the difficulties of controlling the spread of these crops. In recent months, news has emerged about how chemical and pharmaceutical giant Bayer has been forced to make massive payouts after conventional US rice crops were contaminated by Bayer’s experimental GE rice in 2006. As a result, Bayer has agreed to a US $750 million settlement for US 11,000 farmers (1). Then, in March of this year, a court ordered Bayer to pay US $137 million in damages to Riceland, a rice export company, for loss of sales to the EU (2). Back in 2006, Bayer’s experimental herbicide-tolerant and GE “Liberty Link” rice (tolerant to herbicides such as Basta, or Liberty) was found to have contaminated conventional US long-grain rice - including rice for export. Shipments of supposedly non-GE rice, tested and found to be positive for GE rice, were turned back from regions such including the EU, costing companies millions of dollars and prompting lawsuits in the US. Gambling with human health: But why does this contamination matter, and why should we be worried about traces of experimental GE crops in our food? This does matter and we should worry, because GE experimental crops have, by definition, undergone little or no safety testing...
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...Assignment 2: Gene Technology Due Week 8 and worth 120 points Gene technology carries with it social and ethical implications—many of which engender personal views and discussion. Select one (1) of the following biotechnology topics to write about: * Genetically modified crop plants * Genetically modified microorganisms * Genetically modified animals * Personal genomics and / or personalized medicine for humans * Gene therapy Write a four to six (4 to 6) page paper on your chosen topic. Organize your paper into sections corresponding to the following requirements: 1. Biological basis. Describe the technology. Discuss what it accomplishes. Elaborate on the scientific principles that make this technology possible. Your goal in this section of the paper is to show the instructor that you understand the underlying science behind the technology. Describe how exactly the technology works. Discuss the biological principles that underlie this technology. 2. Social and ethical implications. Without disclosing your personal view about this technology, provide an analysis of its social and ethical implications. State the ethical concerns apparent in the use of this technology. Discuss the benefits and risks. Your goal in this section is to look at all sides of the issue. In the next section, you will give your opinion. 3. Personal viewpoint. In the previous section, your goal was to be as objective as possible, to look at all sides of the issues....
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...Who was the physician who created the oath that is taken by all doctors? |a. |Socrates | |b. |Hippocrates | |c. |Galileo | |d. |Reed | 2. It looks promising that stem cell research will provide a cure for what disease? |a. |Diabetes | |b. |Parkinson’s | |c. |Lung cancer | |d. |Both a and b | 3. What is one of the greatest ethical questions in biotechnology? |a. |When does life begin? | |b. |When does life end? | |c. |Should sex changes be allowed? | |d. |Is it moral to transplant organs? | 4. Which president halted further stem cell research from human embryos? |a. |Ronald Reagan | |b. |Jimmy Carter | |c. |Bill Clinton | |d. |George W. Bush | 5. Injuries to the nervous system are difficult to treat because they cause impairment to ____. |a. |blood vessels ...
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...Although "biotechnology" and "genetic modification" commonly are used interchangeably, GM is a special set of technologies that alter the genetic makeup of organisms such as animals, plants, or bacteria. Biotechnology, a more general term, refers to using organisms or their components, such as enzymes, to make products that include wine, cheese, beer, and yogurt. Combining genes from different organisms is known as recombinant DNA technology, and the resulting organism is said to be "genetically modified," "genetically engineered," or "transgenic." GM products (current or those in development) include medicines and vaccines, foods and food ingredients, feeds, and fibers. Locating genes for important traits—such as those conferring insect resistance or desired nutrients—is one of the most limiting steps in the process. However, genome sequencing and discovery programs for hundreds of organisms are generating detailed maps along with data-analyzing technologies to understand and use them. In 2006, 252 million acres of transgenic crops were planted in 22 countries by 10.3 million farmers. The majority of these crops were herbicide- and insect-resistant soybeans, corn, cotton, canola, and alfalfa. Other crops grown commercially or field-tested are a sweet potato resistant to a virus that could decimate most of the African harvest, rice with increased iron and vitamins that may alleviate chronic malnutrition in Asian countries, and a variety of plants able to survive weather...
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...biofuels (crops grown for fuel rather than food) — while profiting enormously from the resulting food crisis and using it as a PR opportunity to promote GM foods! “The climate crisis was used to boost biofuels, helping to create the food crisis; and now the food crisis is being used to revive the fortunes of the GM industry.” — Daniel Howden, Africa correspondent of The Independent2 “The cynic in me thinks that they’re just using the current food crisis and the fuel crisis as a springboard to push GM crops back on to the public agenda. I understand why they’re doing it, but the danger is that if they’re making these claims about GM crops solving the problem of drought or feeding the world, that’s bullshit.” – Prof Denis Murphy, head of biotechnology at the University of Glamorgan in Wales3 commercialization, genetic engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop yields. The author, former US EPA and US FDA biotech specialist Dr Gurian-Sherman, concludes that when it comes to yield, “Traditional breeding outperforms genetic engineering hands down.”6 “Let’s be clear. As of this year [2008], there are no commercialized GM crops that inherently increase yield. Similarly, there are no GM crops on the market that were engineered to resist drought, reduce...
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...Problem Solution: Gene One Corporation Gene One is a biotechnology company on the verge of making some concrete decisions that would affect the future of the company and its employees. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the situation that Gene One is currently facing and identify the challenges facing the company and opportunities that might result from dealing with this problem. Situation Background Gene One entered the biotechnology industry in 1996 after the team discovered a groundbreaking gene technology that eradicated diseases in tomatoes and potatoes. This discovery pleased consumers, as they no longer needed to by products tainted by chemicals. It also pleased farmers, as they no longer needed to use pesticides when growing plants. Gene One became very successful and speedily grew into a $400 million company in a period of eight years. Over time, Wall Street began to have an interest in biotechnology and investors are beginning to build confidence in the industry. To keep up with the growing competition and ever changing global market, Gene One would have to keep up with its competition. In order to remain at the forefront of the competition, Gene One’s management team believed that they would have to go public within the next three years. However, in order to be successful in its endeavors, Gene One needs IPO capital for new development, marketing and advertisement. Gene One’s CEO and his Board have devised a clear strategy with the help of...
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...engineering report to investigate the development of Bioengineering including the effects on society and the individual, analyse ethical issues associated with Bioengineering and to outline one recant development in the field of Bioengineering. As a class we have been researching Bioengineering for a four-week period. Main Sections 1. The development of bioengineering and the effects on society and the individual. Whether known as bioengineering, biological engineering, biomedical engineering, biotechnology or other names, the science has had an impact on food production, medicine and the environment. The pace of development in biotechnology is increasing at a rapid rate in modern times. The Biotechnology Institute lists four events from the B.C. era. Then from 1590 to 1833 there were eight historical events in biotechnology. From 1855 to 1888 there were again eight events. In the first half of the 20th century there were 18. In the 1950s and 1960s 12 notable biotechnology events occurred. By 1970, the advances became numerous enough to be listed by decade. In 1980s and 1990s numerous events took place each year. It...
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