... There is a noticeable drop in not only distance but also torque when temperatures drop below 15 degrees Celsius. The following experiment will address the issue of temperature variation and the effect it has on the speed and distance travelled of an electric Rickshaw. The results of this study can be used in the design of electric battery storage and insulation. Literature Review There are numerous tips to improve electric vehicle performance, namely altering the way the vehicle is used. There is little language in the way of battery insulation, which will be the method used in this experiment. Of note, SAE International (2011) concluded that tested energy consumption varies based on driving ability and duties performed by the vehicle, such as heating and advanced audio systems. Electric vehicle performance is dictated not just by temperature, but deteriorates substantially based off of nonessential features. Official reports on the charging and battery efficiency of the EV during the test period to present a total plug-to-wheel EV efficiency when operated over both regulated and real world drive cycles (Cenex 2012). For this experiment, the vehicle will be operated under normal conditions, then the temperature of the battery will be altered using towels and a rubber water bottle. The vehicle to be used during the experiments provides basic...
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...Abstract There is strong interest in "going green," including using products that cause less environmental damage when they are disposed of. In this environmental sciences project, you will compare the toxicity of "green" and conventional liquid detergents using worms as test organisms. Objective The objective of this environmental sciences project is to determine if green detergents are safer for the environment than conventional detergents. Introduction Reduce, reuse, recycle. These are typically known as the three R's of the environment. Every year, Americans throw away billions of containers and other packaging materials that end up in landfills. Reducing the amount of waste you produce is one way to help the environment. Another way to help the environment is to recycle. Many of the things we use every day, like paper bags, soda cans, and milk cartons, are made out of materials that can be recycled. Recycled items are put through a process that makes it possible to create new products out of the materials that come from the old ones. Reusing is another way to help protect the environment. The idea is simple: instead of throwing things away, try to find ways to use them again. The use of grey water to irrigate plants is an example. Grey water is the water produced by showering, cleaning clothes, washing dishes, etc. It does not include human waste (that is called black water, and is not safe to use for irrigation). Clearly, if grey water is to be used for growing...
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...actions children can observe and imitate aggressive behaviours. Bandura believes that aggressive behaviour in children is influenced by models and media. As a result colleagues of Bandura and Bandura himself created the experiment: “The Bobo Doll Experiment”. Bandura’s hypothesis is the connection between aggressive modeling and aggressive behaviour in children, fitting with his views on social learning. Hypothesis: A hypothesis is a further way of stating a question (Galenza, 2013). Moreover, a hypothesis is the relationship between variables and predictions on what the answer to the question is going to result in. Bandura has more than one prediction in the “Bobo Doll Experiment”. He had four predictions: he predicted that children who were exposed to model aggressive behaviour would imitate that same aggression when the model was no longer present, he predicted that children who were exposed to a non-aggressive environment would imitate aggressive behaviour when the model was no longer present, he predicted that children would most likely imitate models of same sex instead of opposite sex, and his final prediction was boys would behave more aggressive than girls would (Cherry, 2013). In order to answer his predictions Bandura needed to perform an experiment....
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...Céline Polidori Physics SL Mr. White 12.12.13 Focal Length Research Question: What is the focal length of a convex length when calculated graphically? Variables: Independent | Dependent | Controlled | * The position of the lens | * The distance from the object (u) and the image (v) to the lens | * Object * Lens | Materials: Method: 1. Gather materials and set up experiment as in diagram * Choose a set object and lens that will not be changed throughout the experiment as they are the controlled variables * Make sure that the ruler is aligned with the wick of the candle and the paper as best as possible to reduce uncertainties in the distance * Align the center of the lens with the wick of the candle. 2. Place the lens at 200mm from the candle 3. Move the paper along the ruler until a clear image is obtained 4. Record measurements 5. Repeat experiment at least 3 times every 20mm along the ruler. Data: Data showing the image and object distance (mm) from the lens ±30mm | Object distance (u) | Image distance (v) | | 1 | 2 | 3 | Average - 10% | 200 | 610 | 624 | 616 | 617 | 220 | 445 | 447 | 464 | 452 | 240 | 392 | 395 | 396 | 394 | 300 | 295 | 291 | 290 | 292 | 400 | 245 | 241 | 240 | 242 | 500 | 208 | 214 | 215 | 212 | Uncertainties: * Ruler: ±5mm * Lens thickness: ±5mm * Image position until clear: ±20mm * Uncertainty for the image and object distance = ±30mm ...
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...While doing my science fair experiment I experienced some challenges that may have affected my results. There were technical difficulties concerning the volume of the music, spell check on the document, and disabling the touchpad. After realizing that some subjects had played their music at an extremely loud level, for subsequent trials, I made sure that before playing the music, the volume was at a comfortable and tolerable loudness. Google Doc’s spellcheck was inconsistent, as different users had varying settings in which words were sometimes auto corrected automatically. This may cause inaccuracies with the numbers of words spelled incorrectly. I had trouble disabling the touchpad, so I decided to include in the directions I handed out that...
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...Since bubbles are made up of soap and water, they only last as long as the water in the air does ("Bubbles: Fun facts and science experiments", n.d.). According to their study, water is made up of tiny molecules that are attracted and are close together, which causes high surface tension, but mixed with liquid dish soap reduces the surface tension this can be tested by blowing bubbles. In addition, the less water there is in the air, the more quickly bubbles will pop. In this experiment, they try different solution to find out which one reduces water tension the best, they found out that soap and water is a good bubble conductor. They mix dish soap and water. After they are done being mixed the soap and water, they poured the mixture on a pie plate. Next they placed a bubble wand in the mixture and blew bubbles ("Bubbles: Fun facts and science experiments", N.d.)....
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...Evolution explains patterns of unity and diversity in living organisms Similar traits among organisms are explained by descent from common ancestors Differences among organisms are explained by the accumulation of heritable changes 1 Sunday, September 7, 2014 • • " Humans group diverse items according to their similarities and relationships to each other Careful analysis of form and function has been used to classify lifeforms Recently, new methods of assessing species relationships, especially comparisons of DNA sequences, have led to a reevaluation of larger groupings In science, a hypothesis is a rational accounting for a set of observations, guided by inductive reasoning It is an explanation on trial A scientific hypothesis leads to predictions that can be tested and falsifiable with additional observations or an experiment Other explanations may be outside the bounds of science • For example, hypotheses involving supernatural explanations cannot be tested • • • • • • • A hypothesis can never be conclusively proven to be true because we can never test all the alternatives Hypotheses gain credibility by surviving multiple attempts at falsification,...
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...eyewitness testimony (EWT), one of these being age. In 2001, Poole and Lindsay conducted an experiment to find out whether children could source monitor. They got children (aged 3-8) to watch a science demonstration and then listen to a story afterwards. When questioned later on, they found that the younger children got the information sources mixed up and so they wouldn’t make effective eyewitnesses. However, the younger children would lack schemas and the vocabulary needed to describe the science experiment. This means that they wouldn’t have been able to describe the experiment when asked to recall it, and therefore would make this experiment less valid. Anastasi and Rhodes performed an experiment in 2006 to see if recall is better when identifying people from the same age range (own age bias). They showed 24 photos to 3 age groups and then later they were shown 48 photos and had to identify the original 24. They found that generally the younger age groups were better at recall, but all age groups were better at recognising their own age group. They concluded that it’s easier to recall people in your own age range. This experiment was conducted in a lab, so lacks mundane realism and so would have affected the results. Also, individual differences would have affected the results because some of the photos may look like people you know, so recall would be better. Yarmey conducted an experiment to see if age affects recall ability (1993). He got a young woman to stop people in the...
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... | | SCIENCE FAIR: PROPOSAL OUTLINE This outline will help you organize your science fair proposal. Use the attached report as an example. You will use this outline to write your proposal in paragraph form. |1. |TITLE: Write a sentence that connects the independent and dependent variables of the investigation. Example: The effect of (independent variable) | | |on the (dependent variable). | | | | |2. |INTRODUCTION: Give a brief summary of the investigation and describe the rationale, problem, and hypothesis. | |a. |Summary. Briefly describe the project in 2-4 sentences. | | | | |b. |Why do you want to conduct the experiment? (Rationale) | | | ...
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...A few weeks into the school year, 8th grade science classes in Sherwood, Oregon were experimenting with baking soda and vinegar. In Mrs.Barrett’s fourth period class, Bailey Matthews, Allison Fiarito , and Kayla Wagner had been working on this lab together. The first day or two of that lab they had added small amounts of baking soda and vinegar and had been trying to figure out why it had bubbled/reacted. Once the lab was complete Mrs.Barrett told the class that they were going to do another lab with baking soda and vinegar. Some of the students had asked what we were going to do. Mrs.Barrett said we would find out tomorrow, and with that the bell had rung and class was over. The next day had come, with fourth period science just around the corner. Once the bell had rung for fourth period Mrs.Barrett started the lesson. She told the class that they were going to be creating mini volcanoes. After that announcement Mrs.Barrett told the class that she was going to show them a presentation on the experiment. Once she had given that they could get started. The presentation had covered the directions for the lab and the materials that were needed. They needed to grab a red tub that had contained the flask for the volcanoes. They also needed to get a cup of baking soda and a beaker full of vinegar. In...
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...During my science project I was asking myself the question: Do peanuts make chicken eggs larger (weigh more)? For my hypothesis, I had the impression that the peanuts would make the eggs bigger knowing the fact that peanuts have a lot of nutrients and protein in them. Several sources on the internet indicated that peanuts would make chicken eggs larger. I did my project on five different chickens (Hens). During my procedure, I was giving my chickens 4 cups of food and 8 tablespoons of peanuts every day. The ratio was 2 tablespoons of peanuts for every 1 cup of food. Each day I collected their eggs and weighed each one. Every day we were getting 3 brown eggs from our 3 brown hens and 2 white eggs from our 2 white hens. The egg weight started...
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...SBI4U Date: Designing a Controlled Experiment Step 1: Defining the Problem Every scientific investigation begins with the question that the scientist wants to answer. The questions addressed by scientific inquiry are based on observations or on information gained through previous research, or on a combination of both. Just because a question can be answered doesn’t mean that it can be answered scientifically. Step 2: Defining the Dependent and Independent Variable Dependent Variable (DV) | Variable the experimenter measures, after making changes to the IV that are assumed to affect the DV. | Independent Variable (IV) | Variable the experimenter manipulates (i.e. changes) – assumed to have a direct effect on the dependent variable. | Note: In many cases, the investigator does not manipulate the independent variable directly. He/She collects data and uses the data to evaluate the hypothesis, rather than doing a direct experiment. For example, the hypothesis that more crimes are committed during a full moon can be tested scientifically. The number of crimes committed is the dependent variable and can be measured from police reports. The phase of the moon is the independent variable. The investigator cannot deliberately change the phase of the moon, but can collect data during any phase he/she chooses. Why is the scientist limited to one independent variable per experiment? As the aim of an experiment is to see what happens when one thing is changed and how...
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...ng Maynila (University of the City of Manila) Intramuros, Manila College of Human Development Department of Psychology Experiment #1 Simple Reaction time Submitted by: Antonio, Edgardo Jr. Q. Submitted to: Prof. Mary Easter Claire P. Torres November 17, 2014 I. Abstract This experiment looks at the simple reaction time of an individual. The experiment is used to measure a person’s reaction time during two situations (when the person is preoccupied or focused on a thing). The experiment was made out of an Experimenter and a Subject and it was partitioned into two parts. The subject is requested to do forty five trials in both section one and section two. Amid the first part, the subject is asked to do free association while assessing twelve seconds on his mind, without looking the timer. On the second piece of the experiment, the subject was again asked to perform forty five trials but for this time, there is no free association included and he is just focused on the timer. This experiment was carried out the other way around however the experimenter just performed 10 trials. II. Introduction The speed with which a response is made to a stimulus, is technically known as ‘Reaction Time’. It is the period between the onset of a stimulus and beginning of the responses. Reaction time being one of the classical experiments of any psychological laboratory has proved as a sensitive measure of the readiness of an organism to response to change in the...
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...Queen Mary University of London School of Engineering and Materials Science Laboratory report writing instructions DEN101 - Fluid Mechanics 1 Flow Rate Measurement Experiment A. Student Student Number: 1234567 Version 2.0, 27 November 2010 Template for Word 97-2003 Abstract This document explains what is expected in your Fluids 1 lab report. The sections that should be covered are outlined and a structure you could follow is proposed. Detailed advice on how to edit the report is given. The document concludes with the marking criteria for this lab report. Table of Contents Abstract 2 1. Introduction 3 1.1. Writing 3 1.2. Editing and formatting 3 1.3. Content of the introduction 4 2. Background and theory 4 3. Apparatus 4 4. Test 4 5. Experimental procedure 4 6. Results 5 7. Discussion 5 8. Conclusions 5 9. References 5 10. Appendix A: Marking criteria 6 Introduction Before starting to write a report, you should think about what is your audience. Am I writing for colleagues who want a lot of detail how it is done, or am I writing for my boss who just wants an executive summary as he has no time for details? In general, there is not a single type of audience and we have to make our writing suitable for the detailed read, as well as the fast perusal. To understand what is required from you in this report, please have a look at the marking criteria in the Appendix...
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...PSY475 (Week 1 DQ 2) Compare and contrast reliability and validity? Going back to Plato’s cave wall of shadows, if we all held up mirrors and reflected a particular point outside the cave would we all see the same thing and further if we were to take another peek an hour later would we see the same thing (reliability). Second is the subject of validity. My second class at college was a critical thinking class. I loved it. I can remember studying syllogisms: All animals are big, all big things are slow, therefore all animals are slow. This syllogism is valid, but not true (i.e. the conclusion reasonable follows from the premises). The problem with this syllogism is that the premises are untrue. They are both global absolutes, which are almost always false or at the very least not completely true in all instances. It is the same with psychological testing: the conclusion must reasonably flow from the facts gathered during experimentation. It would seem that validity has to do more with the interpretation of test results, than the test results themselves. Referring to the hypothesis as an elucidation of causality, validity is the bridge by which the numerical quantification of numbers is verified as it is translated into causation. It is a hindsight mechanism. It is used to verify the applicability of the test results to the hypothetical conclusion of causation. Both are equally important I think. If not, then the test might give great scores one time and not the next or the results...
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