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Science Half; -Yearly Notes

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Cell Theory * A scientific theory is based on many observations, observations help us make predictions * The cell theory states that cells are present in all living cells, cells are the smallest units of life and cells come from pre-existing cells * Under a microscope, cells are seen to contain small structures called organelles. * Cells of living things are said to contain a nucleus (eukaryotic) or no nucleus (prokaryotic) * Viruses cannot be classified as cells as it relies on its host cell for its nutrients and reproduction * Viruses do not respire * Multicellular organisms (plant/animal cell) are composed of specialised tissues * Multicellular organisms aim to provide essential nutrients and chemicals to cells and eliminate wastes * Identical cells tissues organs a system * There are about 200 different cells in the body * Cells such as red blood cells are replaced frequently, nerve cells in the brain are never replaced and other cells such as liver cells are replaced when damage occurs * DNA needs to be an exact replication in new cells and after replicating, the fertilised egg divides continuously by mitosis * All cells in the respiratory system need glucose and oxygen to produce energy * Glucose can be found in the mitochondria of cells * Equation of glucose and oxygen being converted into energy: Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy * Digestive system converts carbohydrates into glucose and passes into the blood stream * Oxygen enters the body and carbon dioxide leaves it via the lungs (respiratory system) * The circulatory system transports glucose, oxygen and other nutrients and removes wastes via blood vessels * The excretory system maintain the balance of water and removes wastes * Photosynthesis is present in the mitochondria of plant cells and it helps

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